Ask for some Xuzhou dialects

Xuzhou is located in northern Jiangsu, and people in southern Jiangsu call Xuzhou scrotum, because this place belongs to Shandong in the early days of liberation. Xuzhou people themselves said: "The southern barbarians crossed the northern Xinjiang, and Xuzhou smelted slag". What does this slag smelting mean? The older generation of Xuzhou people can't make it clear, as if it means that Xuzhou is neither south nor north. If so, Xuzhou dialect can explain the problem very well.

Jiangsu dialect is basically called Sunan dialect and Subei dialect. Southern Jiangsu dialect is dominated by Wu dialect, and the language of Suzhou and Wuxi is dominant. From Changzhou to Danyang, earth-shaking changes have taken place. The dialect here is difficult to understand, especially in rural areas. When it comes to Zhenjiang, it is very close to Subei dialect. From Yangzhou to Huai 'an, the main body of Subei dialect was formed. Therefore, Xuzhou dialect is actually an area where Subei dialect has changed to Shandong dialect, so many difficult words have been formed. Everyone in Xuzhou knows that Xuzhou dialect has undergone this change from Suining to Suqian. From a small area, the dialects of these two places are quite different from those of Xuzhou and Huai 'an.

Great changes have taken place in Xuzhou dialect. With the development of the times and frequent exchanges, many dialect words began to disappear. They disappear because these words are really hard to understand. Today, only the elderly in Xuzhou still use these words.

For example: "Huang Zi", "What Huang Zi?" Outsiders simply don't understand that "Huang Zi" is the "thing" in Mandarin; "What yellow son?" But "what is it?" Use mandarin.

Race, race, race. "race" means "good"; "Great" means "great" and "Saimao" means "great".

There is a verb that no one can understand: "four dimensions". This "four dimensions" is not "thinking", but the meaning of cultivation. For example, this car should be used by the company.

Some dialect words, especially nouns, are also very interesting: "Fruit", Xuzhou people say: "Youzi"; "On the ground", Xuzhou people say: "Sliding on the ground"; "Zen", Xuzhou people say: "Dad is a ghost"; "Dragonfly", Xuzhou people say: "light dragonfly"; "Slippers" Xuzhou people say: "shoes and treads" and so on.

Many verbs in Xuzhou dialect are also difficult to understand. For example, "rou" is pronounced in the first sound, which can't be replaced in Chinese. It means to ignore and is used in negative sentences. For example, I don't rou you. It means I ignore you.

The first sound of "I" means folding, for example, it is better than putting this newspaper. "I" means: you fold this newspaper.

There is also a word used on verbs, which has different usages on different occasions. The first pronunciation of "kei" is not found in modern Chinese. It means "eat". For example, did you "kei"? You mean you ate it? On another occasion, for example, if this person is not authentic, we "kei" him. The word "base" here is "flat" again.

Of course, you can also say a lot of such things. However, there are some special situations in the process of language development: "going home" in Putonghua is a sentence without a subject, "Hui" is a verb, a predicate and "home" is an object. Old Xuzhou people also said "go home" according to this grammar, but now Xuzhou people say "go home" with the predicate and object reversed.

In fact, Xuzhou dialect has also been influenced by foreign dialects during its development. For example, in the Sui Dynasty, a large number of immigrants moved from the old stork nest in Shanxi to Pei County in the north of Xuzhou, so the dialect here was also influenced by Shanxi dialect. The most common example is "having soup", which means having dinner in Shanxi dialect. Most people in Xuzhou and Peking University also use this word, saying that eating dinner is "drinking soup". Peixian county is 80 kilometers north of Xuzhou. There are many differences in vocabulary and pronunciation between Peixian dialect and Xuzhou dialect, which is related to a large number of Shanxi immigrants.

The use of adverbs in Xuzhou dialect is quite interesting. If you compare it, you will find that it is similar to the northern dialect, but there is no dialect.

Like "very". "hen" is an adverb in modern Chinese, and local dialects have their own characteristics. The intersection of Jiangsu, Shandong, Henan and Anhui is Xuzhou, and the usage of "hen" in Xuzhou dialect is very interesting.

1. Replace "very" with "only":

This apple is very sweet. Please try one.

Xuzhou dialect says: This apple is sweet. Try one.

2. If you talk too much, replace "too" with "very". The word "very" here is silent. For the sake of distinction, it is represented by "hen".

Putonghua sentence: The article should not be too long, it is too long for no one to read.

Xuzhou dialect says: the article should not be too long. If it's too long, no one will read it.

3.hen ○ can also be used in negative sentences, provided that the degree is not high:

Mandarin sentence: Lao Liu has few books.

There are not many books about Lao Liu in Xuzhou dialect.

In fact, there are similar problems in Wu dialect, for example, "corner official" and "chivalrous rise" can all have the same meaning as "hen" in Mandarin. In Mandarin, "very" and "very" can be almost universally used to express degree. If we say "corner official" and "chivalrous rise" more accurately, it is closer to "extraordinary". By extension, the word "dear truth" in Nanjing dialect; "Te" in northern dialect; Both "Lao" and "thief" in Northeast dialect have this feature.

People in Xuzhou speak Mandarin, which is often called Xupu. In fact, Xuzhou dialect is not very close to Mandarin. Xuzhou dialect is exactly the same as Mandarin, with only a fourth tone, two tones change into one, three tones change into two, one tone changes into three, and four tones remain unchanged. Therefore, it is difficult to learn Mandarin. Because of this, it is very stubborn in the transition to Mandarin. Besides, there may be another reason. This is the common feature of all dialects, which can often express their meaning more vividly. This is one of the reasons why all local dialects have been preserved and survived. For example, when we say that someone is quick to do things and react quickly, we praise him for thinking deeply and getting on the road quickly. Otherwise, we mean "real meat" and "not on the road". As for Zhang San's "little ghosts" and Li Si's "clumsiness", it goes without saying that Xuzhou people immediately understood what kind of people Zhang San and Li Si are. The meanings of "little chirp ghost" and "residual hair" have reached the point where they can only be understood but not explained in detail. When you don't understand each other no matter how you say it, and you can't learn it no matter how you teach it, Xuzhou people will say humorously, "You are really worried about me!" " "These languages with strong local colors are often difficult to find corresponding components in Mandarin. With the frequent communication between people, various languages are communicating with each other, and now more and more people speak Mandarin in Xuzhou.

The reason why Xuzhou dialect is valued by some scholars is that it shows the dialect characteristics at the intersection of Jiangsu, Shandong, Henan and Anhui. It should be said that Professor Shen Li has done a lot of comparison and valuable academic research on the evolution of these dialects. 1980, his Xuzhou Dialect Annals was published, and Jin Ping Mei Dictionary 1992 was published by Beijing Normal University Press. Li Shen's interest in Jin Ping Mei is entirely from the perspective of dialect research. One of his papers on the definition of modern Chinese words is particularly interesting to read. One of them, Explaining Three Words in Jin Ping Mei —— A Discussion with Taiwan Province Wan Wei Tze, reflects the concern of scholars on both sides of the Taiwan Strait about the dialect vocabulary of Jin Ping Mei. This composition involves "wiping your mouth", "beating melon seeds" and "getting more and more sunburned", and the most interesting one is the debate about "beating melon seeds". Mr Wan Wei Tze said: "Guagua" is a common name for "big melon". Today, people still love to eat melon seeds, which is this kind of' big melon'. Su, a native of the Central Plains, called it' playing melons'. "

Li Shen's view on this is that playing melon seeds means hitting your opponent with your hand when you "scratch" (the slap in the face in Jin Ping Mei is also called "shaving" and "scraping"), which is a way to punish the loser when you win or lose in gambling. There is also a cloud in Tong Hui's story: "Xiaoyu put Yu Di under her head and said with a smile,' Thief and whore, you won't let me fight if you lose your melon seeds. "melon seeds" and "beating" are said separately, and Mr. Wei may not have noticed. Yes, The Story of Awakening Marriage says in the seventy-fifth time: "I won the melon seeds with you, and I will give you a money if I lose;" You lost, hit you with melon seeds. Insert "you" and "one" between "fight" and "melon seeds". Both cases can prove that "playing melon seeds" is "playing melon seeds", not "playing melon seeds". Jin Xuzhou changed it to "hit the head with your hands folded (with a gap in the middle) (painless but clear voice)" as "start scratching", also known as "hit the melon seeds with your hands as a knife" (scratching), which can be used to participate in politics and deliberation.

Scholars on both sides of the strait are so serious about the dialect of Jin Ping Mei. In fact, domestic scholars, including Professor Shen Li, believe that the real author of Jin Ping Mei is a person at the junction of Sulu, Henan and Anhui, because there are too many Xuzhou dialects in the language of Jin Ping Mei. Jin Ping Mei Ci Hua taught by Shen Li is particularly interesting for Xuzhou people to read. For example, the exact meaning of "stirring" in Xuzhou is a bit difficult to say. This is the "stirring fruit" in Jin Ping Mei, which means spending money. For example, the mother said to the child, "How much do you want to pack a month?" Just ask the child how much it costs a month; Another example is "big". People in Xuzhou often call their father "big", saying: I am big, and also saying: I am big. More interestingly, some people call their mother "Da". If so, then their father is my uncle. This title has been changed in Xuzhou. There is a principle to change the name, that is, the father is the oldest of the brothers, so after changing the name, the uncle often calls him father again.

When I lived in Xuzhou, I felt that the language of this land was not magical. If we compare it, we will find that the occurrence and development of language is related to the amateur war turmoil related to economic development. Social unrest and population migration have also changed the language. Since the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, Chinese has entered a new period, and the folk literature form of traditional Chinese opera and novel came into being. Northern dialect is the mainstream in some traditional operas and novels, and the dialects in the border areas of Jiangsu, Shandong, Henan and Anhui, especially Xuzhou dialect, also play a very important role.

The "Xuzhou dialect" mentioned in this paper refers to the local language that Xuzhou people still use generally today. It consists of two parts: one is to inherit part of the original Xuzhou dialect, and the other is to create a new Xuzhou dialect on the basis of the original dialect.

One side of the soil nourishes the other side. Similarly, one side's soil and water also cultivate one side's language. Xuzhou dialect has a close geographical relationship with Xuzhou. Xuzhou is in a position that is neither south nor north nor east nor west. Xuzhou people are northerners in the eyes of southerners and southerners in the eyes of northerners; Xuzhou dialect, southerners sound like northern dialect, and northerners sound like southern dialect. I have been back to my hometown in Henan several times, and the villagers and neighbors all say that your Xuzhou dialect is really nice, with easy and clear pronunciation, not as blunt as our Henan dialect. When I went to Suzhou and Wuxi on business, almost everyone thought I was from Shandong. In Guangdong, Fujian, people feel that Xuzhou dialect is similar to Mandarin.

Xuzhou has been a battleground for military strategists since ancient times Therefore, Xuzhou dialect is often full of "the smell of gunpowder", or there is a kind of "fighting color" that is competitive. Just give one or two examples: when playing poker, southerners are used to saying "score 80 points" and Xuzhou people often say "upgrade"; Southerners say "change owners", while Xuzhou people throw two cards on the table and say "no". Besides drinking, southerners often meet in advance. On the wine table, a few friends were chatting while drinking. There is no pressure to persuade them to drink, and there is no pain to drink. The atmosphere is harmonious, and the wine leaves slightly drunk on the table, saving time and effort. Xuzhou people are different. Drinking depends on the war situation and the amount of alcohol to drink. Therefore, it is common to call friends on the wine table and hold a banquet one hour later than scheduled. The first three glasses of wine must be finished, then "free activities", each expressing his own thoughts: finally, "competition", which is the key stage that can best show the drinking capacity and fencing strength. People often come forward: "You all have a rest first, and I will do it for them"; The other side did not show weakness and offered to "wear" nine fists. In the long run, the number of people who originally planned to drink two kilograms of wine will often double.

Some people say that Xuzhou is a male, and men represent a wide range, which is reflected in language. Xuzhou dialect is straightforward, direct and crisp. If someone doesn't behave well, comment in Xuzhou dialect: This person is going to be laid off directly! When someone is extraordinary and outstanding in something, Xuzhou people simply say, "He is crazy today!" " " ; After drinking this cup of wine, the southerner said, you can finish this cup of wine, and Xuzhou dialect only uses two words: "completely! " " ; Drink too much, Xuzhou said "drink too much"; When someone is hesitant about something, others will persuade him to say, "What's the big deal? ! "When showing that they are fully capable of doing something well, Xuzhou people blurted out:" Don't ask! "

Xuzhou people who speak Mandarin are often called "Xu Pu". In fact, Xuzhou dialect is very close to Mandarin. Xuzhou dialect is close to the northern dialect, and Mandarin is based on the northern dialect. The fourth sound of Xuzhou dialect is exactly the same as Mandarin. Strangely, Xuzhou dialect is so close to Mandarin that it is difficult to be assimilated. Perhaps because of the short distance, Xuzhou dialect is very stubborn in the transition to Mandarin. Besides, there may be another reason. According to my experience, Xuzhou dialect can often express what I want to explain more vividly, which may be one of the main reasons why all local dialects have been preserved and continued. For example, when we say that someone handles things quickly and responds quickly, we will praise him as "thoughtful" and "on the road". Otherwise, we will say that he is "real meat" and "not on the road". How simple and vivid. As for Zhang San's "kid head" and Li Si's "clumsy", Xuzhou people immediately understood what kind of person Zhang San and Li Si were. When you don't understand each other no matter how you say it, and you can't learn it no matter how you teach it, Xuzhou people will say humorously, "You are really worried about me!" " "These languages with strong local colors are often difficult to find the corresponding parts in Mandarin. With the deepening of reform and opening up, people communicate frequently, and various languages are communicating and colliding with each other. The advantages of Putonghua are becoming more and more obvious. In recent years, the development and changes of Xuzhou dialect are amazing. It is a very gratifying phenomenon that Xuzhou people who appear on TV, regardless of gender, age and age, speak Mandarin. Mandarin is the national language. If we want Xuzhou to go to the whole country and let the whole country know about Xuzhou, we must learn to speak Mandarin. I look forward to the day when Xuzhou and even the whole country will speak Mandarin as soon as possible.