What about the origin and evolution of Nanjing?

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Nanjing was located in the "Wu Tou Chu Wei" and was the seat of the State of Wu.

In 472 BC, after the destruction of Wu by Gou Jian, the King of Yue, ordered Fan Li, the King of Yue, to build Yuecheng on the Qinhuai River, which was the earliest ancient city in Nanjing.

In 306 BC, Yue was destroyed, Wu's hometown was taken, a city was built on the rocky mountain, and Jinling City was set up. The site is in this stone city, that is, between Caochangmen and Qingliangmen in the west of Nanjing.

In 223 BC, Qin destroyed Chu, and in 2 10 BC, Qin Shihuang made an east tour and changed Jinling to Moling to show his condemnation.

In the early Han Dynasty, Moling was the fief of Han Xin, the king of Chu, and Liu Bi, the king of Wu. 128 years ago, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty established his son as Danyanghou, Liu Xu as Huhou and Moling Hou.

Ancient capital of six dynasties

/kloc-in 0/95, Sun Ce crossed the river and occupied Danyang, Jiangcheng, Hushu and Moling counties. Around 208 years ago, Zhuge Liang sent messengers to Jiangdong to observe the beautiful scenery of Nanjing's mountains and rivers, and made a famous comment that "Zhong Pan, Shi Hu resides". 2 1 1 year, Sun Quan listened to Zhang Hong, a counselor, and moved from Jingkou to Moling, renamed Jianye. In 229, the rising sun was the capital of Nanjing, starting from Wuchang. Wushitoucheng site is located between Caochangmen and Qingliangmen in the west of Nanjing.

In 280, the Western Jin Dynasty wiped out Wu, and the reconstruction industry was Jianye. Later, in order to avoid the Jin emperor Sima Ye, it was renamed Jiankang. Si Marui, the king of Langtong, crossed the south, based on health. In 3 17, Si Marui acceded to the throne, which was the capital of Jiankang for the formal establishment of Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty and Eastern Jin Dynasty.

In 420, in order to build health for Song Wudi and Song Liguo, Emperor Wu of Song proclaimed himself emperor. In 479, Xiao Daocheng proclaimed himself emperor on behalf of the Song Dynasty, for the sake of Qi State, Qi State and Du Health. In 502, he proclaimed himself Emperor Liang and Jian Kang. In 557, Chen Baxian proclaimed himself emperor for Chen Wudi, Chen Liguo and Jiankang.

Wu, Eastern Jin, Song, Qi, Liang and Chen were also called the Six Dynasties, so Nanjing was called the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties. Today, Nanjing Library retains the ruins of Jiankang City in the Six Dynasties. Jiankang City in the Six Dynasties was the largest city in the world at that time with a population of one million. Developed economy and prosperous culture have preserved the ancient Jiangnan culture in China.

3. Jinling feelings

In 589 AD, the Sui Dynasty destroyed Chen. Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty ordered the leveling of Jiankang City, taking Shitou Town as Jiangzhou capital, and Yang Di changed it to Danyang County.

Since then, the rulers of Sui and Tang Dynasties have successively adopted the strategy of restraining Nanjing, moved Yangzhou administrative office from Jinling to Guangling, and once cancelled the establishment of Nanjing State. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, Du and Fu owned the rebels to occupy Danyang County, surrendered to the Tang Dynasty, and changed Danyang into a naturalized place in the Tang Dynasty. Du was detained when he entered the DPRK, and Fu Gongyou rebelled and established the Song regime. Jiangnan, Tang Ping, is a rising country. In 758, the famous calligrapher Yan Zhenqing was appointed as the secretariat of Shengzhou. The following year, he set up a monument for the release pool of Wulongtan, and the site has been up to now. Li Bai lived in Shengzhou in his later years and died in Dangtu, southwest of Nanjing in 762. In 783, due to the rebellion of the buffer region, Tang Dezong intended to move the capital, and Han Kun, the town navy division, rebuilt Jinling, but failed.

In the Five Dynasties, Yang Wu and Guo Li built Jinling, thinking it was the western capital. In 937, Xu Zhimo (Li Bian) replaced Wu, founded the country in Nantang, made Jinling its capital, and changed Jinling House to jiangning house.

4. Accompany the capital to build health

In 975, the Northern Song Dynasty destroyed the Southern Tang Dynasty, and jiangning house was promoted to the state. 10 18 years, with Zhao Huizi (later renamed), he became the crown prince and was promoted to jiangning house. Zhao Zhen acceded to the throne for Song Renzong. Jiangning is a prosperous place, and trusted ministers (such as Bao Zheng) are often the prefects of Jiangning. Song Shenzong and Wang Anshi went to Jiangning twice to serve as the prefect and presided over the political reform. 1 120 years, Fang La fought against the Song Dynasty, but failed to seize Jiangning from the north and control Jiangnan, leading to ultimate failure.

1 127, Song Gaozong acceded to the throne, accepted the suggestion of the hawkish Li Gang, and changed jiangning house to Jiankang House as the east capital. Shortly after the nomads from the south, the emperor fled south and arrived in Hangzhou. 1 137, at the insistence of Yue Fei and others, Song Gaozong returned to Hangdu Jiankang again. 1 138, Song Gaozong once again fled to Hangzhou as the capital of "Xiu De, regardless of risks", and officially established its capital, changing Hangzhou to Lin 'an Prefecture. Jiankang House is the capital.

1275, Yuan soldiers went south, taking Jiankang House as Jiankang. 1329, Kangjian was rebuilt as.

5. An enlightened city

1356, Zhu Yuanzhang conquered Qing Ji and changed Qing Ji Road to Yingtianfu. As a base, Zhu Yuanzhang called himself Wu Guogong. 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself in Yingtian, with the title of Ming Taizu. Yingtianfu is the capital of Nanjing, and Kaifeng is the capital of Beijing. /kloc-stopped in Beijing in 0/378 and changed Nanjing as the capital. 1386, the capital city wall was completed. Nanjing was expanded on the basis of the old city of Qing Ji Road in Yuan Dynasty. The city consists of three parts, namely, the old city, the palace area and the garrison area. The latter two are extensions of the early Ming Dynasty. A masonry wall with a length of 33.68 kilometers was built around these three areas, which is now the Ming wall of Nanjing. It is the largest city wall in the world (followed by Paris; In China, followed by Beijing). The wall foundation of Nanjing City Wall is paved with strip stones, and the wall is built with big city bricks of about 10cm×20cm×40cm, mixed with soil. The bricks used were fired in 25 counties along the Yangtze River/Kloc-0, and transported to Nanjing for use. The names of production officials, potters and servants were printed on each brick, and its strict quality responsibility system can be imagined. Thirteen gates were built along the city wall, and towers were built on the gates. 1403, the capital of Ming Chengzu was Beiping. /kloc-at the end of 0/420, Ming moved its capital to Beijing with its capital in Nanjing. 1644, Emperor Chongzhen hanged Jingshan Park, and Beijing was trapped. Axe King and Zhu Yousong acceded to the throne in Nanjing.

[6] The situation in heaven

1645, the Qing army conquered Nanjing. Change South Zhili to jiangnan province, and Yingtianfu to jiangning house. 1649, Jiangning appointed the Governor of Liangjiang. 1853, the Taiping army conquered Jiangning and changed Jiangning to Tianjing, thinking that it was the capital. Today, the Taiping Heavenly Palace was built in the presidential palace. 1864, the Qing army conquered Tianjing, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom perished, and the Tianwangfu was destroyed.

Once upon a time, the city of fraternity

Buildings of the Republic of China are scattered all over Nanjing (partially) 19 12. Sun Yat-sen became the interim president of the Republic of China in Nanjing, with Nanjing as the capital.

1927, the Northern Expeditionary Army conquered Nanjing. Soon, the Nanjing National Government was established.

On September 1937 and 19, Gu, commander of Japan's Third Fleet, ordered the indiscriminate bombing of Nanjing and others.

After the Japanese army occupied Shanghai, 200,000 troops from north and south attacked Nanjing. China's army fought bloody battles with 654.38 million people and fought bravely against the invaders.

At the dawn of 65438+February 10, the Japanese army launched a fierce attack on the south capital. It was not until 2 pm on 12 that the Japanese army first broke through the Zhonghua Gate. 13, the Japanese army occupied Nanjing, followed by a bloody massacre in Nanjing for half a year. In the most violent six weeks, * * * killed more than 300,000 of my compatriots, more than 10,000 women in rape 2, and one third of Nanjing was set on fire, plundering countless cultural relics and property, which is known as the "Nanjing Massacre" in history.

The old capital has been reborn.

1949 On April 23-24, China People's Liberation Army occupied Nanjing and established Nanjing Municipal People's Government.

After 1949, Nanjing was first a municipality directly under the central government.

1952 Jiangsu Province was restored, and Nanjing was reduced to a provincial city, which is the capital of Jiangsu Province. 1990 Nanjing was designated as a city under separate state planning, and 1994 the provincial capital city was abolished. The Central Organization Establishment Committee of the State Council has determined that the administrative level of Nanjing is sub-provincial.

(9) the establishment of the government

Yuecheng: 472 BC

Jinling Post: 333 BC

Moling: 2 10 BC

Jianye: AD 2 1 1.

Jianye: AD 282

Jiankang: AD 3 13

Jiangzhou: 589 AD

Shengzhou: Tang Dynasty

Jiangning house: 937 AD.

Healthy house: A.D. 1 127

Nanjing (Yingtianfu): AD 1368.

Jiangning house: AD 1645.

Tianjin: A.D. 1853

Nanjing House: 19 12 years

Nanjing Special City (Capital Special City): AD 1927.

Nanjing: A.D. 1930.

Nanjing (municipality directly under the Central Government):1949 May 10.

Nanjing (municipality under the jurisdiction of Jiangsu Province): 1953 65438+ 10 month.

Nanjing (sub-provincial city): A.D. 1995