What is the full-text translation of The Book of Songs?

Cai Wei translated the full text of The Book of Songs;

Pick the roses in handfuls, and the new buds of Osmunda japonica have already grown. Say go home, say go home, another year. If you have a home, you have no home. Fight with ghosts. There is no leisure to sit down and fight with ghosts.

Pick the European Union one by one, and Osmunda japonica is fresh and tender. Say "home" and "home", I'm worried. Full of anxiety, burning, hunger and thirst, it is bitter. It is difficult to decide on land defense transfer. Who will take the book Trust home?

Pick up the EU one by one, Osmunda japonica is already old. Say "go home" and "go home", and then October comes again. No royal errands. I want to rest and have no leisure. Full of sadness and pain, afraid of never going home.

What flowers are in full bloom? Tang Di is full of flowers. What car is tall and big? The general rode in a tall chariot. Driving a chariot to fight, four strong horses galloped together. How dare you coexist peacefully on the border? How many times to win in January!

Driving four Dagong horses, which are tall and big. The general leaned against the car and the soldiers relied on it for cover. The four horses are neat, and the fish skin and quiver are carved with bows. Not a day goes by without vigilance, the military situation is urgent!

Recall that when I went out, Yangliuyiyi blew with the wind; Now on the way back, the snow is flying all over the sky. The road is muddy and difficult to walk, and I am really tired of being thirsty and hungry. Full of sadness, full of sadness. Who knows my sadness!

The original text of The Book of Songs "Picking Wei":

Pick Wei

Anonymous? pre-Qin period

Pea seedlings have been picked again, and wild peas have just emerged from the ground. I said I would go home, but it didn't come true by the end of the year. No wife, no family, to fight Hyun-yun. There is no time to rest, to fight Hyun-yun.

The pea seedlings have been picked again, and the wild peas are very tender. Said he went home, and he was depressed. Anxiety is burning, and hunger is unbearable. The location of the garrison cannot be fixed, and it is impossible to take the letter home.

Bean sprouts are picked again, and the stems and leaves of wild peas are getting old. He said that he went home and went home again in October. But the king's errand is not finished yet, and I have no leisure to enjoy this quiet and good time. My heart hurts and I can't go home now.

What flowers are in full bloom? It's Tang Dihua. What kind of car is it? General among generals, of course. The troop ship started, and four horses were tall and big. How dare you live safely? Because of a month of fighting!

Riding four horses, four horses are tall and strong. The generals sat in the car and the soldiers were under its protection. Four horses were trained, with bows and shark sacs decorated with Gu Xiang. How can you not be vigilant every day? Xianyun's difficulty is urgent.

Recalling the original exploration, the wind in Yang Liuyi was blowing in the wind; Now back on the road, snowflakes are flying everywhere. The road is muddy and difficult to walk, and people are thirsty and hungry. The road is muddy, hungry and thirsty. Full of sadness, full of sadness, who experienced my sadness!

Appreciation of The Book of Songs Picking Wei;

This poem describes such a scene: in the cold winter, it is raining and snowing, and a retired recruiter is walking alone on his way home. The road is rugged, hungry and thirsty; But the border is getting farther and farther, and the towns are getting closer and closer. At the moment, he looks at his hometown and looks back on the past and the present, but his thoughts are complicated and mixed. Hard military life, fierce battle scenes, countless times to climb to the top of the mountain, scenes reappeared in front of me. This poem is a reminiscence and sigh of such a battle-hardened soldier on his way home three thousand years ago. Its category belongs to Xiaoya, but it is very similar to the national style.

The whole poem consists of six chapters, divided into three layers. Since it is a memory on the way home, I will write it in flashback. The first three chapters are one layer, recalling homesickness and describing the reasons for being unable to return. The first four sentences of these three chapters express homesickness and yearning for home in a step-by-step way. Over time, this kind of mood has become more and more urgent and unbearable. The first sentence begins with picking the EU, but the EU is both prosperous and rich. Because Osmunda japonica is edible, the guards are picking Osmunda japonica to satisfy their hunger. Therefore, this casual sentence is a verbal prospect, reflecting the hardships of the soldiers guarding the border. The "picking Wei" of frontier soldiers is indistinguishable from the "picking flies" and "picking mulberry" of women in their hometown. Garrison is not only hard, but also long. Step by step, Wei Yeting Stop, Soft Stop and Just Stop vividly describe the growth process of Osmunda japonica from breaking ground to germination, to tender seedlings, and then to hard stems and leaves. Together with "the year can't stop" and "the year can't stop", it means the passage of time and the long-term garrison. At dusk at the beginning of the year, things change, "I will go back to my hometown", but I have not returned for a long time; For the guards who are always in danger of their lives, they have to "worry". The last four sentences explain why it is difficult to return to the garrison: being far away from home is because of the suffering of armadillos; Because of frequent wars, the garrison is uncertain; There is no time to rest, because there is no end to kings. The root cause is the "ghost cause". "History of Han Xiongnu Biography" said: "When (Zhou) became king, the royal family declined, and Rong Di invaded China. China suffered from it, and the poet started it. When I am sick, I sing:' It' s embarrassing to break the family and die.' " This can be regarded as the background of the work "Picking Wei". For the suffering of armadillos, ordinary people have the responsibility to guard the service. In this way, on the one hand, it is homesickness complex, on the other hand, it is fighting consciousness. The first three chapters are intertwined with personal homesickness and the sense of responsibility for going to disaster for the country, which are two contradictory and equally true thoughts and feelings. In fact, this also constitutes the emotional tone of the whole poem, but personal homesickness and sense of responsibility for fighting have different manifestations in different chapters.

The fourth and fifth chapters trace the tense life of marching operations. He wrote about the strength of military capabilities and the strictness of vigilance, and the whole article did this. Its emotional appeal has also changed from sad homesickness to passionate fighting. These two chapters and four sentences have the same meaning and can be read in four layers. In the first four sentences of the four chapters, the poet asked himself and answered, "the gentleman's car" is raised with "the wisdom of maintaining stability", which shows the unique pride of soldiers. Then two battle scenes are described around the chariot: "The chariot is driving and the four industries are fighting. I dare to decide, 1 I will be happy on March 3. " This generally describes the mighty military capacity, high morale and frequent wars; "Driving four stallions, four stallions. The gentleman depends on it, and the villain flies. " This describes in detail the scene of foot soldiers following the chariot under the cover of the chariot and under the command of the general. Finally, from the battle scene, the soldier's equipment reads: "Four rows of wings, like a fish suit." The horse is strong, well-trained, well-armed and invincible. Soldiers are ready every day, just because the armadillo is rampant. "Don't quit every day, there are holes and thorns in the armadillo", which not only reflects the situation on the border at that time, but also explains the reason why it is difficult to return for a long time. According to the description of military life in these two chapters, Mao Xu thinks that "Picking Wei" is a poem of "sending troops to defend" to persuade soldiers. This is inconsistent with poetry. Judging from the contradictory feelings expressed in the whole poem, the defenders have both homesickness and overall situation, and it seems that there is no lack of responsibility for the rise and fall of the country. Therefore, it is natural to recall yesterday's fighting life on the long way home.

The emotional theme that runs through the whole article is the sadness of homesickness. Perhaps the sudden snowflake woke the garrison, and he returned to reality from his memory, and then fell into deeper sadness. Remembering the past and caring about the present can't help but make me sad. "I left yesterday, willow, a.. I think about it today, it's raining. " This is a record of scenery writing, but also a record of lyricism. Individual life exists in time. In the context changes of "today" and "past", "coming" and "gone", "snowy rain" and "willow tree", the guards deeply experienced the waste of life, the passage of life and the denial of life value by war. Unparalleled literary feelings are new through the ages. After reading these four sentences, modern people still can't help feeling sad, mainly because they feel the deep feeling of life passing in the poetic realm. "Walking slowly, thirsty and hungry", coupled with the long journey home, dangerous road, insufficient luggage and hunger and cold, this imminent life dilemma deepened his sadness. "Delaying walking" seems to include the guards' worries about their parents and wives. In a few years, it is impossible to know whether you will be hired or not. When this kind of return comes, the fear of "now, approaching my village and meeting people, I dare not ask a question" ("Crossing the Han River" by Wen Zhi in Tang and Song Dynasties) will inevitably appear. However, in this rainy wilderness, no one knows and no one comforts; "My heart is sad, but I don't know that I am sad", and the whole poem ends in this lonely and helpless lament. Throughout the poem, the typical significance of the dominant emotion is not to express the feelings of sending troops to fight, but to separate individuals from the battlefield under the background of the war conflict between the retreating dynasty and barbarians, expressing the inner world of the defenders who have been defending for a long time and are worried about their way home, thus showing Zhou people's disgust and disgust at war. Cai Wei seems to be the originator of war-weary poems throughout the ages.

In art, "I used to be absent, and the willows were reluctant." I think it's raining today ",which is called one of the best poems in" Three Hundred Poems ". The Southern Dynasties' Selected Works of Kasper? has been evaluated for more than 500 years. Wang Fuzhi's poems in Jiangzhai have become the poet's mantra, that is, "To write mourning with joy, to mourn for Syaraku, to double his sorrow and joy" and Liu Xizai's "artistic program" have become the poet's favorite words. The sentence patterns of "past" and "present" have been repeatedly imitated by poets, such as Cao Zhi's "From the beginning of severe frost, now comes the Millennium" (a love poem), and Yan Yanzhi's "Although it was not dull in the past, it is old to carry China now" (Qiu Hu's poem), and so on.

Comment on words and phrases:

Xiaoya: The part of "elegance" in The Book of Songs is divided into elegance and indecency, which are collectively called "two elegance". Elegant music, that is, orthodox tune, refers to the poetic tune in Haojing area, the capital of Western Zhou Dynasty at that time. Xiaoya has seventy-four articles. Wei: A species of the genus Vicia in Leguminosae, whose scientific name is "Save Vicia", also known as "Dawocai", has edible seeds, stems and leaves.

② Work: refers to Osmunda japonica coming out of the ground. Stop: the auxiliary word at the end of the sentence has no practical significance.

(3) yue: the auxiliary words at the beginning and in the sentence have no practical significance.

④ Mo (mù): After dusk, it means the end of a year.

Don't waste time.

⑤φ(Xiφn)φ(yǔn): the name of the ancient minorities in China.

⑦ huáng: At a loss. Leisure. Qiju: Sit on your knees, which means to have a rest. Kai, kneel, kneel, sit. Live, sit and live in peace. The ancients sat on the floor and landed on their knees. When sitting in danger, their waist is straight and their hips and feet are left. When sitting, your hips are close to your heels.

8 soft: soft. Refers to the tender appearance of newly grown Osmunda japonica.

9 fierce: fierce, describing anxiety.

⑩ ⑩ ⑩ ⑩ ⑩ ⑩ ⑩ ⑩ ⑩ Load again.

Garrison: defense, here refers to the position of defense.

Pn: Greetings.

Gang: Hard.

Yang: October of the lunar calendar is the season when spring blooms. Today, it's still "sunny in October".

G incarnation: stop and finish.

Starting point: rest, rest.

Kong: Very, very. Guilt: illness, pain.

Can I go now? I can't go home. Since I retired from the army, no one has come to offer condolences.

Chang: Long dike, or Tangdi, is the name of this plant.

Road: A tall chariot. Sihe: What do you say? Modal particles are meaningless.

Gentleman: refers to the general.

Rong: Cars and personnel carriers.

Male: stallion. Industry: Tall appearance.

Settle down: live in peace.

Jay: Victory. It means to engage in war and engagement. When you say evil comes out, you mean to divert your March. This sentence means marching many times in January.

Strong and powerful. The raccoon here means that the horse is very strong.

Villain: refers to soldiers. Philip: Bunker, cover.

Wings: clean appearance. This horse is well trained.

Mǐ: A dragon with an ivory bow. A bow with bone horns at both ends. Talk about the bends at both ends of the bow. Fish coat: an arrow bag made of shark skin.

Day warning: Be vigilant every day.

Spine (jí): Urgent, urgent.

Yesterday: Once upon a time, the article pointed out the time of collection. Go: I joined the army.

Yiyi: Describe a willow swaying in the wind.

Think: used at the end of a sentence, it has no practical significance.

Rain and snow: It's snowing. Rain, here is the verb. Fei (fēi) Fei: It looks like snow.

Delay: slow performance.

Influence of later generations:

The poem Xiaoya Cai Wei had a great influence on later literature. This poem, no matter its characters, contents and ideas, provides a model for future generations. For example, Du Fu wrote that there are nine dikes before and five dikes after. In later works, such as Qiu Si, The Fisherman's Pride and so on. In Chen Tao's works, we can still vaguely hear the distant and empty echo aroused by this poem in the long river of time and life. Also, "I have been to Liu Yiyi; Today, when I think about it, it's raining and snowing, which is one of the 300 excellent sentences in The Book of Songs. The evaluation of Selected Works of Kasper? in the Southern Dynasties has lasted for more than 500 years/kloc-0. The sentence patterns of "the past" and "the present" are the repeated pursuits of poets, such as Cao Zhi's "There is a severe frost at the beginning, and now it is a white dew" (love poem), and Yan Yanzhi's "Yesterday's words are not dull, but now it is full of China" (Qiu Hu's poems) and so on. ?

Creative background:

Xiaoya Cai Wei is a military song, written for soldiers who returned from a long defense, and is considered as a work of the Western Zhou Dynasty. There are three main opinions about the specific creation date of this poem.

First, "Preface to Mao Shi": "Picking Wei" was also stationed in the army. During the reign of King Wen, there was a plague of Kunyi in the west and an armadillo in the north. On the orders of the son of heaven, he was ordered to send a garrison to China. So I sent away the song "Picking Wei". "Jian Zheng": "Xibo was ordered by the king of Yin to make his men generals, and he led the garrison to guard the rebellion in Xirong and the north, singing" Picking Wei "and sent them away. "As you can see, Shi Mao thinks that Xiaoya Cai Wei is the current affairs of Zhou Wenwang. The circumstantial evidence is Yi Xu: "Li, west of Kunyi, north of Armadillo." It has been pointed out: "The Preface to Poetry of Picking Wei is similar to this. "

Second, there are Qi poems, Lu poems and Han poems in the Han Dynasty. Different from Mao's poems, the three schools think that Cai Wei is a current event, and the circumstantial evidence is Historical Records of Zhou Benji: "When taking the king, the royal family declined and the poet made a thorn." History of Xiongnu: "In Zhou Yiwang, the royal family declined, and Emperor Rong invaded China, and China suffered greatly. At the beginning, the poet sang when he was ill and said,' This is why the room is crowded and the home is crowded.' I don't want to quit every day, but I have holes and thorns. "

According to the textual research of inscriptions on bronze inscriptions, Wang Guowei thinks that "picking Wei" and "driving" are the same as telling stories "and" driving also announces the current affairs of the king. " Judging from the bronze inscriptions unearthed in modern times, anyone who remembers the embarrassing events is the time and tool to declare the king "(Selected Notes on China's Literary Works edited by Yuan Xingpei).

In a word, this poem was written by Zhou Wenwang, Zhou Yiwang and Zhou Xuanwang. Judging from the content of this poem, Wang Wen said it was not desirable. Because from the narrative point of view, it is a question of returning to war, not a question of going to war; From the lyric point of view, there is a sad feeling, no comfort. There is not a word of the emperor in the whole poem. It is unfounded to say that Zhou Wenwang's "Picking the EU" sent troops to garrison, so Cui Shu, Yao Jiheng and Fang Yurun in the Qing Dynasty all opposed this statement. When talking about current events in Zhou Yiwang, "there is no clear text in the classics" (analysis of the annotations of Cheng Junying's The Book of Songs, etc. ), and the later publication of Hanshu is based on poetry, which cannot be falsified. It is said that this is a current event in Wang Xuan, which is based on archaeological achievements and is not supported by literature. Chen Zizhan's "The Book of Songs" goes: "Armadillos suffer for a week, and there is still a world." There is no need to stick to Fang Yurun's "Primitive Book of Songs": "The generation of poetry cannot be tested. Generally speaking, it is difficult to judge when the garrison will be dispatched, and the scene in the poem is as good as it is now. Why do you think you know? "

Express the theme:

Xiaoya Cai Wei is a poem in The Book of Songs, the first collection of poems in ancient China. This poem sings the hard life and homesickness of the soldiers in the army in the tone of returning home and guarding the soldiers. This poem consists of six chapters, each with eight sentences. The first five chapters focus on the hardships of life, strong homesickness and the reasons why soldiers can't go home for a long time, revealing that soldiers are not only willing to defend against the enemy, but also suffer greatly in the battle, showing their desire for peace; The last chapter ends the poem with a painful lyric, which is touching. This poem uses overlapping sentence patterns and figurative techniques, which embodies the artistic characteristics of The Book of Songs. The first four sentences of the last chapter describe the scenery and feelings at two specific moments, namely, going out that year and surviving today. The words are simple and profound, and the scenes blend, which is a famous sentence widely read in the Book of Songs.

Famous comments:

Shen Pei wrote "On Poetry" in the Western Han Dynasty: "Wang Xuan is a poem in the world, driving it back to the teacher. The first four chapters are prosperous, and the last two chapters are fu."

Liu Yiqing's "Shi Shuo Xin Yu Literature" in the Southern Song Dynasty: "Factor gathering, Xie Gong asked' What is the best sentence of Shi Mao?" No longer say:' I have been there, Yangliuyiyi; Today I think of it, it's raining. "The duke said,' I am determined by fate, and I am far from telling you. It is said that this sentence is somewhat elegant and profound. "

In the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, Wang Fuzhi's "Jiang Zhai Shi Hua" Volume 1: "I have been there, Liu Yiyi; I think about it today, it's raining. " Write mourning happily, mourn Syaraku sadly, and double its sadness and happiness. "?

Fang Qing Yurun's Primitive Book of Songs: "The beauty of this poem lies in the last chapter. It's true. It hurts when you feel it. It's profound and beyond words, so I say' I don't know I'm sad'. Otherwise, you will be happy to return home in triumph. Why are you sad? "

Qing Liu Xizi's "Art Outline": "I have been there, Yangliuyiyi; I think about it today, it's raining. " Elegant and profound, I am lyrical by scenery. "?