The life of the characters in Dai's works

Dai, formerly known as Dai Yongcheng, was born in Weiziyu, Xinbin County, Liaoning Province, 19 1 1 June. Xinbin County is located in the east of Liaoning, belonging to the branch of Changbai Mountain. It has a long history and outstanding people. It is the hometown of Manchu and the birthplace of Qing Dynasty. In Dai's memory, it is surrounded by mountains and waters, with flowing water, beautiful scenery and outstanding people. He was born in a small merchant family of Manchu nationality. His father was kind and his mother was kind, and he was especially loved by his grandmother. I entered school at the age of eight and am very smart. I will be among the best in every exam. When I was nine years old, I could write letters and live a carefree life. I don't want the good times to last too long. My grandmother died suddenly and my honest father was assassinated in business. 193 1 In May, my family moved to Tianjin and lived on the meager salary of my father's staff in Tianjin Lutai Salt Bureau. Shortly after the "September 18th Incident", the three northeastern provinces fell, and it was really difficult for them to return to China. It was not until 2000 that Dai was able to return to Wei Ziyu.

1935 Dai graduated from Tianjin No.3 Primary School and was admitted to Beiping Northeast Middle School. This is a school for exiled children in Northeast China. Founded by Zhang Xueliang on 193 1, it belongs to the Northeast People's Anti-Japanese Salvation Association. Zhang Xueliang is the principal in person and Wang Hua is the acting principal. He is militarized and equipped with all the equipment of a guard battalion. There is a strong anti-Japanese atmosphere in the school. Every September 18, there will be a military parade, military exercises and a one-day hunger strike. There is also a memorial alarm to remind students not to forget national humiliation. However, after the signing of the "River-America Agreement" which humiliated the country, all kinds of national salvation activities were banned, and the exile groups in Northeast China were restricted from withdrawing. Northeast middle school was forced to move to Jigongshan at the junction of Henan and Hubei.

For Jigongshan, Dai still remembers it. He wrote-

"Jigongshan, the scenery is good, south to Wuhan North to Xinyang.

Warlords stay in the building, and 500 people have classrooms.

Many tourist villas abroad, when they hear the church bells ringing.

The seat was clear and hidden, and a sleeper was reserved for me.

Half a mountain, half a sea of clouds and half a Shan Yu are all made in heaven. "

In Jigongshan, Dai experienced the "2 19" student movement, was deeply infected by the progressive students' anti-Japanese enthusiasm, and actively participated in anti-Japanese propaganda activities. After the Xi Incident, the school lost the protection of Zhang Xueliang, and the Kuomintang authorities took the opportunity to ban Dong Zhong. Herry Liu, director of Henan appeasement, even offered to escort hundreds of Dong Zhong students out of Shanhaiguan, hoping to be wiped out by the Japanese army, but he finally gave up for fear of causing public outrage. In the name of suppressing rebellion, he lifted the siege of Dong Zhong on New Year's Eve of 1937. Acting principal Sun Enyuan was also replaced, and CC agent Zhao took over as principal, which caused strong dissatisfaction among teachers and students. Dai later recalled: "A stone stirs up a thousand waves, and the stars are hot.". The sound of nursing school is like a tide, and the fire in Jigongshan is crazy. Half of the students go to Wuhan, and saving the country is always national defense. Although I was under seventeen, I resolutely left Wuchang. " The students of East Middle School struggled for half a year until1April, 938. With the support of Northeast Anti-Japanese and National Salvation Association, Hubei Provincial Education Department was forced to remove Zhao from the post of principal and reassign Ma Tingying, a non-partisan northeast geologist, as the principal, and announced that East Middle School was changed to National Northeast Middle School. Because of Dai's positive performance in the struggle to protect the school, he was quickly introduced to join the Northeast Anti-Japanese National Salvation Association. It should be said that this marks the beginning of Dai's participation in the revolution.

When Ma Tingying became the headmaster of Northeast Middle School, he also hired progressive teachers Gao Lan and Zhang Youyan (Shi Guang). Gao Lan was a famous recitation poet during the Anti-Japanese War. When he was in Jigongshan, he wrote a well-known anti-Japanese war poem, Jigongshan, you are so young! "And Shi Guangze in underground party member. As the Japanese invaders approached, Northeast Middle School moved south again under the leadership of President Ma, passing through Wuchang, Hubei, Taohuaping, Hunan, and then to Jingning Temple, Sichuan, covering four provinces, with a journey of 2,500 miles. Under the leadership of Mr. Wang, the school carried out anti-Japanese propaganda everywhere, and Mr. Wang also became a guide to Dai's revolutionary road. 1On June 28th, 987, Mrs. Shi Guangkai, then 79 years old, visited Dai's home. They are very excited about wine. Dai improvised the lyrics "Water Tone", and his words wrote:

"Fu Ji thinks thousands of miles, naive. When the fire raged in China, teachers and friends were bathed in dust. Say goodbye to crowing yellow cranes, rest in Taoping and Zhucheng, and knock at Jiange. Sow pine willows with the trail and watch late spring. Broad-minded, narrow world, envy feiyun. Wuling creek is short, and the water extends to know people. Half a lifetime of ups and downs, won a leisurely and quiet environment, but also a few times talking and laughing. If not, who can bear the golden urn? " After more than a year's arduous journey, the teachers and students of Northeast Middle School finally arrived in Jingning Temple, Zigong, Weiyuan County, Sichuan Province on July 1939 and settled down. Northeast Middle School and another Northeast Zhongshan Middle School live in a temple separated by a wall. At this time, Dai was a senior student and became a member of the student union. Soon the school secretly set up a party branch. Under the leadership of the Party branch, the student union not only democratically elected the principal, but also established the "September Troupe". With Mr. Gao Lan as the artistic director, he will be able to sing and dance, speak and write, and have artistic talent in all aspects. Politically, he is willing to mobilize the masses to unite against Japan and start organized and planned anti-Japanese propaganda activities.

The main forms of anti-Japanese propaganda carried out by September Troupe are singing, drama and wall newspaper. Activities spread all over Weiyuan county, which had a great influence among the masses. Even newspapers at that time reported many articles. Dai still can't forget the scene where he was almost beaten while performing in Zigong. The art troupe performed "Put Down Your Whip" on the street in Zigong, and Dai played an old artist. When he raised his whip and beat his daughter who fell to the ground because of hunger and weakness, the classmate of the migrant worker rushed in and grabbed the whip in the voice of shouting "Stop". Unexpectedly, he went straight to the back with two angry spectators, raised his fist and hit. The audience followed suit, and after some explanation, it did not cause great disaster. Interestingly, when he expressed regret and patted his head with his hand, there was a burst of laughter. It turned out that when he disguised himself as an old white-haired artist, a handful of flour fell off his head. The applause was so vague that the dignified atmosphere suddenly relaxed. In this way, 18-year-old Dai became attached to literature and art in order to resist Japan, laying the foundation for becoming a propaganda cadre of the party in the future.

However, in order to curb the vigorous anti-Japanese propaganda activities of the Northeast Middle School, the Kuomintang authorities transferred a chemistry teacher, Huanbin Wang, to set up a league school organization in the school, and tried every means to sabotage the performance activities of the September Troupe. Dai later wrote a poem calling Wang Huanbin a "cow". He carries a pistol in class and instills "one socialism, one political party" in students, but he doesn't want to see it in Yongchang. The adopted son of a Mongolian maharaja, a burly man, is keen to resist injustice and quite supports the anti-Japanese activities of progressive students. He was angry to see Huanbin Wang show off his gun, but he took out a dagger and put it on the table, which scared Huanbin Wang to slip out of the classroom and drew a burst of laughter from his classmates. For the third youth league, the tit-for-tat struggle initiated by progressive students has always made it impossible to make it public.

After the fire in Changsha, Huang, the head of the September Troupe, wrote the play "Fire", satirizing the so-called "scorched earth war of resistance" of the Kuomintang authorities regardless of people's lives. After the school performance, the teachers and students were very angry, but they retaliated against Huanbin Wang. Anti-pollution performance is a traitor activity, and Huang is a "traitor" who colluded with the police to arrest Huang. After learning this news, the school party branch informed Huang to leave school overnight, and decided to dissolve the September Troupe and let the exposed students leave school and go to Chengdu. Dai, who has not yet joined the party, is one of them. After that, he left Northeast Middle School and went to Chengdu Branch of Northeast Anti-Japanese National Salvation Association to engage in the underground work of the Party.

In Chengdu, the party organization used its relationship with Sichuan Radio Station to let Dai and others play songs on the radio once a week to carry out anti-Japanese propaganda. Because of Dai's progressive performance, after years of investigation by the Party organization, he was directly approved to join the China * * * Production Party without waiting. After the Kuomintang destroyed the Chengdu East General Organization, Dai transferred to northeast Jingcun Middle School in Fengxiang, Shaanxi Province and Xianyang Central Primary School to teach. 1In July, 942, he was transferred to Yan 'an Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Area Art Cadre School to teach. In the same year, from June 5438 to 10, I worked in the Federation of Literary and Art Circles in Yan 'an Border Region. 65438-0944 Director of the Research Office of Northwest Literature and Art Working Group. 1948, Hu Zongnan surrounded Yan 'an in an attempt to destroy our base area. In Yan 'an Campaign, as the leader of the Anti-Great Creation Group, he took risks and came to the battlefield with the tasks assigned by the organization. Unexpectedly, the 36th Division of the Kuomintang suddenly fired at Tiger's Foot Mountain where he was, and a shell hit his comrade-in-arms, and Dai survived. Dai was fearless, calm, and led his comrades to bravely kill the enemy. Because of his outstanding performance in defending Yan' an, he was once commended by the border administration.

1949, Dai was transferred to the Propaganda Department of China Northwest Bureau. 1953, was ordered to be transferred to the propaganda department of the CPC as a propaganda officer. 1954, according to the instructions of the CPC Central Committee that "grass-roots propaganda work should be grasped in time", he volunteered to go to Weinan County, Shaanxi Province, and served as deputy secretary of the county party committee and propaganda minister. During the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea, as a member of the Northwest Consolation Mission, he went to the front of Korea to express condolences to our volunteers. By virtue of its powerful weapon superiority, American planes rampaged in the sky, strafed at low altitude and chased their cavalry. The situation was very critical. Fortunately, the troops fought back with anti-aircraft machine guns, otherwise the consequences would be unimaginable.

1959, the anti-rightist movement began, and Dai Yingong left the Propaganda Department of the CPC. When he came back, he saw that the office building of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Propaganda Department was covered with posters, including those of Qin Chuan, their propaganda department. So he said, "Where are there so many Rightists?" The next day, I was inexplicably beaten to the right. At that time, nine cadres of the Propaganda Department of the Communist Party of China who had different views on the general line, the Great Leap Forward and the "three red flags" of the people's commune were called "nine sharks" and said that they would eat people and destroy our party and country. Dai said two good words for Qinchuan, became a "big shark", and was later transferred from the Propaganda Department of the CPC. After Dai was transferred from the Propaganda Department of the Communist Party of China, he was sent to Shiguan Commune in Lai 'an County, Anhui Province for labor reform. Fortunately, because this is the first time that the nine sharks have been decentralized from the central government, except for two sharks wearing right opportunist hats, the other seven sharks have been assigned to social teams as cadres. Dai is the youngest. He served as the branch secretary of the production brigade. Besides working, meeting and studying, he can also walk freely in the team. Members call him Dai. One year's reform-through-labour has become a good opportunity to get to know the grassroots. After the clarification of the Nine Sharks incident, Dai returned to the Propaganda Department of the CPC for distribution. At this time, Beijing TV Station has just been established, and the Prime Minister instructed the Propaganda Department of the Communist Party of China to transfer one person to Beijing TV Station as the leader. Dai formed a half-life relationship with the new China TV industry.

From 65438 to 0962, Dai was the director and deputy director of the information department of Taiwan Province. Beijing TV Station, founded in 1958, is in full swing and has not yet formed a scale. Since he took office, he has carried out drastic reforms. He tried his best to catch up with the news broadcast, and with the approval of the central government, he founded the news broadcast column, which has become the main program that the national audience must watch every day after several generations of efforts.

During the "Cultural Revolution", Beijing TV station was also in chaos and was seriously disturbed, so that the program could not be guaranteed to broadcast normally. At the beginning of 1967, due to the lack of TV programs, the broadcast was suspended for one month, which is unique in the history of CCTV. It was not until February 4 1967 that the broadcast resumed, and it could only be broadcast once a week. 1June 1973, the central government appointed Ren Jisheng as the director of Beijing TV Station, and Dai, Wang Feng and Meng Qiyu as deputy directors until1June 1976. Ren Jisheng, a soldier, is not proficient in TV business, so from the beginning, Dai, who served as deputy director of 10 and concurrently director of the news department, actually took charge of all the business work of the TV station. According to the memories of many CCTV veterans, in their impression, from 1973 to 1982, Dai actually undertook the work of CCTV director as a vice director, and Ren Jisheng was not transferred from CCTV until 1980 as a vice director of china national radio.

May 1978, 1, "Beijing TV Station" was renamed CCTV. At that time, the logo of CCTV was determined as "CCTV". Some leaders objected, saying why China TV station used foreign words. Dai said: TV is the international abbreviation of TV. The first letter C stands for China, and the second letter C stands for Central. This is because our TV station wants to publicize it. After some arguments, Dai decided to adopt the opinion. He also found someone to design the emblem of the satellite orbit, which is still in use today and is popular all over the world. From 65438 to 0979, he personally led a team to Hong Kong to buy films, and introduced American TV series for the first time in the history of China TV. It was the man from the Atlantic who once made a sensation. Subsequently, Garrison Death Squad, Detective Hunter, Brave Lion and Growing Pains, which were broadcast in Zheng Da Variety Show, all swept the TV drama market in China and remained deeply in people's memory.

In order to solve the problem of funds for TV stations to produce programs, Dai opened up advertising business for Chinese and foreign customers. When some people think that TV stations are the propaganda mouthpiece of the party, how can they broadcast advertisements? This incident was reflected in Hu Yaobang, then general secretary of the Party. Secretary Hu said: "They don't broadcast advertisements. Who gives them money to do the show? " The words of the general secretary supported Dai's pioneering work. In addition, he also improved the format of the program, bought a number of TV films about animals from abroad, and opened up a column of Animal World, which was warmly welcomed by the audience and still endures.

However, his contribution to CCTV is far more than that. The most outstanding thing is his breakthrough contribution to the development of China's original TV series. Initially, screenwriter Xu adapted a novel published in a publication, Eighteen Years of the Enemy Camp, into a six-episode TV series. At that time, there was no such art form as TV play in China, and Dai could be the master. After the filming, the broadcast effect was not ideal. Mainly because this form was not accepted by the audience at that time.

During 1979, director Wang Fulin came back from an inspection tour in England and mentioned the English adaptation of Shakespeare's plays, which was very popular with audiences all over the world. Dai immediately decided to adapt China's own literary masterpieces into TV series. The first thing to do is to shoot four classic novels, A Dream of Red Mansions. When the news comes out, it can be said that it is a stone break! Because the dream world has always been an endless debate, it is very difficult to adapt the script first. Dai recalled in the poem: "The internal decision-making is still smooth, and it is said that the society has been turned upside down. You are generous, sincere and lovely, and you have not lost the face of your ancestors. How can redology be easily moved? The wealth of this country will be handed down from generation to generation. Punctuation marks can't be moved, and it's embarrassing to change to opera. There is even more vulgar village language, which is difficult to say. "Especially when he is under great pressure. But Dai has made up his mind to "stop listening to the words of the East and satirize the words of the West, but fight for the old", even if he is desperate, he will go on.

Dai devoted all his efforts to filming A Dream of Red Mansions. From organizing teams, unifying thoughts, to editing scripts, we are all hands-on. As a leading member of film production, he participated in the whole process of adaptation and film production, hired experts, scholars and screenwriters to discuss the script, and finally decided by him, which required considerable insight and courage. Thirty-six episodes of red drama have been revised and reviewed repeatedly over the past few years, totaling nearly 100 episodes, day and night. During the period, I experienced twists and turns and never wavered in the face of various accusations.

After the TV series was broadcast, the last six episodes caused great controversy. Ding Weizhong, a scholar, believes that the drama "Red" has completely changed or even dissolved the conflict between the golden jade based on "reason" and the wood-stone alliance based on "emotion"; Improper handling of this heavy clue is one of the keys to the failure of the whole play. The whole drama "Red" does not show the deep-seated reasons why Daiyu is crying and making noise. The plot of middle Baodi's love is broken; Until the end, Baochai was still fighting for an "alternative" entry into the palace, and the grandmother Jia actually wanted to "allow" Mu's former alliance and planned to choose Daiyu, who was terminally ill with hemoptysis, as "Grandma Bao Er", and so on, which not only lacked logical basis, but also fundamentally changed the nature of Baochai's love tragedy.

Experts attending the seminar of the Society agreed after the 87th edition of A Dream of Red Mansions was broadcast:

Although Gao E's sequels are worse than Qin Xue's original works, and many of them are contrary to the original works, it is well known to the world, but it has passed the test of time and eliminated many sequels. This is not only because it meets the needs of people's aesthetic psychology and complements A Dream of Red Mansions, but also because it has established its own value with its wonderful description of individual plots, and the success of Yue Opera A Dream of Red Mansions has greatly strengthened people's acceptance and recognition of Gao Xu. Therefore, the wise adaptation attitude should be to absorb the lofty and reasonable part as much as possible, so as to make it as close as possible to Cao Xueqin's aesthetic ideal and make the story as reasonable as possible. Although the previous 80 episodes of TV series were foreshadowed, with the tips of "Fat Criticism" and the research results of A Dream of Red Mansions as a strong adaptation basis, they failed to compile an ending beyond Gao E's level.

With the criticism everywhere, there are rumors everywhere: the reason why the 87 th edition of A Dream of Red Mansions made a subversive adaptation of the last forty chapters was because in the redology camp at that time, Zhou parties and factions had obvious advantages; Feng Qiyong and Li Xifan are not consultants of the 87th edition of A Dream of Red Mansions because they are quite dissatisfied with the adaptation of the last forty chapters. ...

In fact, the cast of A Dream of Red Mansions held its inauguration ceremony in Beijing Hotel, and at the same time released the list of advisory committees, which were published in major newspapers including People's Daily. Feng and Li were not on the consultant list at that time. The reason is not because of the script, it was written six months later. Li Xifan has publicly stated that A Dream of Red Mansions cannot be adapted. The reason why Cao Xueqin wrote A Dream of Red Mansions in the novel genre is not painting, poetry or drama, because he found the best carrier of the novel, and it is impossible for the crew of A Dream of Red Mansions to find a scholar who openly opposes the adaptation as an academic consultant. At that time, Feng Qiyong, the master of A Dream of Red Mansions and the director of A Dream of Red Mansions of China Academy of Art, asked the consultant to get his consent, which was also considered impossible by the crew. As for the famous redology expert Zhou, when he was in America, it was impossible for him to make up his mind how to change his mind in the last forty times.

It's hard to imagine that how to shoot the last 40 episodes was a very risky political issue at that time. In order to avoid risks, the crew once thought about version A and version B: version A made a subversive adaptation of the last 40 episodes; Version B strictly follows the widely circulated copy of 120; Shoot version a first, then shoot version B. But by the time the filming is over, the crew that has been running for several years will be over. The shooting budget of 6.7 million was astronomical in that year. However, 700,000-800,000 yuan invested by CCTV is mainly used to build the first phase of the Grand View Garden. The Xuanwu District Government of Beijing, where the Grand View Garden is located, invested nearly 1 10,000 yuan, and the rest was invested by a Shandong farmer entrepreneur, but the money was delayed. The crew rented a military factory in Xishan, Beijing for setting. Before setting a scene, the factor that must be considered is how many scenes can be shot in this scene. Like a fairyland, the scene can only be used once, and it costs a lot of money, so we have to give up reluctantly. The three main characters-Ouyang Fenqiang, Chen and Deng Jie-are paid by 300 yuan for filming an episode, and the crew often go to shoot on location. One consideration is to give actors extra location subsidies. In the later stage of filming, the three main characters still felt that the film was paid too little, so they went on strike together and demanded that the film pay be raised from 300 yuan to 800 yuan ... The plan of version A and version B was difficult to implement.

CCTV Director Dai publicly made a decision: Just shoot version A, and I will bear the problem. Firm attitude and sonorous words. Previously, he boldly launched the young screenwriter Zhou Ling, creatively adapted and properly handled the plot connection of the original sequel. In the social environment at that time, it really needed courage. Dai's attitude is undoubtedly a kind of protection for young explorers, and Zhou Ling and Dai have formed a profound friendship for this. Zhou Ling later recalled that since he met Dai, people around him never called him "Director Dai" or "Lao Dai", but everyone called him "Lao Dai", including the boys in the cast of A Dream of Red Mansions. It can be seen that the affinity of wearing it in the hearts of the whole red drama staff. It can be said that without wearing it, there would be no success in the 87th edition of A Dream of Red Mansions.

1987 When A Dream of Red Mansions was broadcast, it received enthusiastic response from the audience and became an instant hit. Then buyers from home and abroad swarmed in, which is undoubtedly a joke for those experts who make irresponsible remarks and are pretentious. As Dai wrote, "It's good that everyone speaks with one voice. Although there are some flaws, this is especially true. I hope I can understand this taste and live up to Qin Xue and all my hearts. " However, Dai did not attribute this to. In the film, he was only named as the "chief producer", and he was a model for future generations.

1990, Dai filmed the romance of the three kingdoms again, and it was broadcast on 1994 ten years later, which was also a success. Like the red drama, it has been broadcast on major TV stations all over the country, which has not only affected generations, but also changed the lives and fates of nearly 100 actors. In 2003, the cast of A Dream of Red Mansions reunited in artistic life after 20 years, and 83-year-old Dai came to the Grand View Garden as a special guest. As soon as they met, they were very excited, and they were all proud of participating in the shooting of the red drama. 1982, 62-year-old Dai was removed from the post of deputy director and appointed as an adviser to CCTV. 1985, officially retired from the post of consultant. Unfortunately, Dai developed Alzheimer's disease in his later years. Old people who have always been humorous can only sit in chairs. In 2009 (65438+1October 30th), just after the Spring Festival, 89-year-old Dai passed away quietly at the age of 89. Throughout Dai's life, some people said with emotion: "An Eighth Route Army veteran who won the grand prize in Yan 'an Defence War has no rank;" "Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China a retired veteran cadres who dare to tell the truth, will be the right. An old leader who made nearly a hundred actors fire up eventually couldn't stand up ... "