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Original text of underwater world
Original text of underwater world
Do you know the depth of the ocean?
When the sea is rough, the bottom of the sea is still calm. So, there's no sound at the bottom of the sea? Not exactly. Animals under the sea often whisper to each other, but we just can't hear them. If you use a special underwater listening device, you can hear all kinds of sounds: some buzz like bees, some chirp like birds, some bark like dogs, some snore like people ... They make one sound when they eat, another sound when they travel, and give an alarm when they are in danger.
Benthic animals have their own activity characteristics. Sea cucumber crawls by stretching its muscles and can only advance four meters per hour. Barracuda can swim thousands of meters per hour, and when attacking other animals, it is faster than ordinary trains. Squid and octopus can suddenly spray water forward and use the reverse thrust of water to quickly retreat. Some shellfish can't move by themselves, but they can travel long distances under the boat for free. There are also some deep-water fish, which have their own luminous organs and swim like twinkling stars.
There are also great differences in marine benthos. Their colors are varied, such as brown, purple and red ... Their shapes are different. For example, there are more than 8,000 species of macroalgae, ranging from unicellular diatoms and dinoflagellates (which can only be seen clearly with the help of a microscope) to giant algae hundreds of meters long.
There are peaks and valleys on the seabed. It is rich in coal, iron, oil and natural gas, as well as rare metals with few reserves on land.
The seabed is really a world with strange scenery and rich products.
Additional reading: how to do reading comprehension
First, the overall perception, fast reading skills:
(1) Browse the headlines to understand the basic content: sometimes the headlines imply the main idea, which can inspire the thinking of the article and provide directions for answering questions.
(2) Determine the style (narrative, argumentative, expository and prose) and analyze the key meaning.
(3) Read the beginning and the end carefully and try to figure out the theme: The beginning and the end can often find the center of the author's expression.
Second, the answer source:
A. Extract the original text, keywords or sentences in the materials (such as grasping argumentative sentences, lyric sentences and special rhetorical sentences, key adjectives and verbs in paragraphs).
B. refining and screening the main ones and eliminating the secondary ones. In other words, summarize the sentences in your own words or materials first, and then merge and condense them, leaving key sentences.
Third, friendly tips:
1, pay attention to the examination of questions, understand the questioner's intention, and answer around the questions to prevent irrelevant answers.
2. Identify the style and answer according to the style knowledge; Answers should be organized and standardized.
3. Topics that are open to the public or talk about opinions and feelings must be divergent with the central meaning (central argument) of the article. You can appropriately extract the key sentences in the article to answer, try to combine your actual feelings, and quote famous sayings or American prose for a concise summary.
Fourth, the style of knowledge memorandum:
Explanatory reading:
1, clearly explain the object: the object of analysis and explanation can be: a. Look at the title of the article; B. Analyze and summarize according to the contents of explanatory paragraphs.
2. General explanation content: The explanation content of the explanation article can generally be summarized as follows: This article mainly explains the structure, shape, nature, characteristics, changes, reasons, working principles and functions of objects. (depending on what is specified for the object).
3. Make the order clear: chronological order, spatial order, logical order. Generally speaking, the explanation of things adopts the logical order of explanation.
4. Clarify the interpretation method (1) Interpretation method (2) Analyze the function of interpretation method: a, indicate the interpretation method used first; B, then contact the description content analysis. What characteristics does this description show?
5. Explain the accuracy of the language. Answer specification: A: It can't be deleted, "xx" means …, and it will become … after deletion, which will affect the accuracy of the explanation language. (not in line with the actual situation or too absolute).
6. Clearly explain the structure of the text (as the basis for dividing levels). The commonly used structural models are total-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub.
Argumentative reading:
1, find the right argument: title, beginning, end of the article, the obvious need to be briefly summarized. You can also find an argument by analyzing it. Because an argument proves an argument, analyze this argument and see what it proves. This question is an argument. Or analysis of topics, some topics are not arguments, but argumentative topics, and the author's view on the topic is the central argument.
2. Analysis of argument types: factual argument and rational argument. Test center: add an independent variable; (Stick to the argument and choose real and typical examples)
3. Clear argumentation methods: example argumentation, reason argumentation, metaphor argumentation and comparative argumentation. The general guidance of rational argument is to use famous sayings as arguments. Metaphorical argumentation refers to the metaphorical rhetorical devices used in argumentation statements. Comparative argument generally needs to find out both positive and negative arguments. Test center: the role of analysis and argumentation: 1. Point out the demonstration methods used; 2. Analyze which viewpoint of the author is proved by this argument method. (Generally, it is the central sentence of this paragraph (the beginning of the paragraph) or the previous sentence of the argument method adopted)
4. Argumentation structure: general structure: asking questions-analyzing problems-solving problems (i.e. introduction-theory-conclusion).
5. Analyze the linguistic features (accuracy and generality) of argumentative writing.
6. Argumentative essays generally start with something, a famous saying, a fable, etc. So their role is: as an introduction, lead to the topic.
7. In argumentative writing, rhetorical questions are often used as transitions and rhetorical questions are used to express emphasis. (1) The function of rhetorical questions is to attract readers' attention, inspire readers to think and make them think. (2) The function of rhetorical questions (rhetorical sentences): strengthen the tone, emphasize the author's point of view and make people think.
Narrative reading:
1, narrative order: direct narrative, flashback and interpolation. Flashback: Write down the ending or the most prominent segment of an event first, and then write down what happened and what happened. Flashback function: Flashback is generally to highlight the center, make the content centralized and sharp contrast, or make the narrative vacillate, or cause structural suspense and myth.
2. Narrative clues are based on time and events (something, change of place, change of feelings, feeling of "me").
3. Narrator: (1) The role of the first person (narrated in the tone of' I') Writing method: Narrating as the party makes the story appear true (as a witness of the story), natural and intimate. (2) Third-person writing is open and full without any restrictions. (3) The second person narration is closest to the reader and makes people feel particularly cordial.
4. Expression: narration, lyricism, description, explanation and discussion.
5. Description methods: there are two categories: character description and environmental description. (1) Detail description of character description (2) Function of environmental description (3) Description of character profile: using other people's reactions and comparison with other characters to express characters.
6. In the narrative with lyrical scenery, it is necessary to sort out the order of scenery writing and find out the observation points (fixed-point observation or changing scenery). (1) Observation angle: look up (hyperopia), look up, look down. (2) Means of observation: sight, smell, taste, touch and hearing. (3) the form of feeling: shape, color, sound, fragrance, taste, light and feeling.
7. Lyric way: direct lyric and indirect lyric. Indirect lyricism generally refers to borrowing scenery to express emotion, embodying feelings in scenery and blending scenes.
8. Artistic features of sex appeal: generally refers to the conception, layout, expression and language features of sex appeal articles (including sex appeal novels). When answering, see if its idea is novel and ingenious; Whether the plot is ups and downs; Whether to use contrast, satire, exaggeration, contrast, seeing the big from the small, trying to promote before suppressing, symbolizing, and making excuses;
9. Prose features: scattered in form but not scattered in spirit. Form refers to the structure, and God refers to the central intention. Writing means: lyric by scenery, lyric by scenery, and symbolic means of expressing ambition by things.
10, when answering what is the function of something in the article, you can consider it from three aspects. (1) content, such as deepening the theme and emphasizing feelings; (2) Structure, such as transition and echo; (3) Language, if fascinating and lively.
1 1, the function of punctuation marks: quotation marks: (1) table quotation (2) irony, irony and negation (3) table emphasis (4) specific reference, dash: (1) table explanation (2) table meaning progressive or turning point.
12. Three elements of a novel: plot, characters and environment. Novel structure: beginning, development, climax and ending (some have behind-the-scenes endings).
Teaching plan to expand the underwater world
Activity purpose:
1. On the basis of feeling the beauty of Yuxian paper-cut in Henan Province, you can be interested in making it.
2. Learn to imitate Yuxian paper-cut by stippling, and make different kinds of fish to form a beautiful underwater world.
3. Be able to cooperate with partners and form an underwater world with prepared fish. And initially learn to evaluate each other's works.
4. On the basis of feeling the song, understand the artistic conception of the song.
5. Experience the fun of creating various images.
Activity preparation:
1. knowledge preparation before class: enjoy the movie Finding Nemo, feel the beautiful underwater world and draw different kinds of fish.
2. Environmental preparation: decorate the activity room into an underwater world.
3. Material preparation: magnetic tape, tape recorder, clown fish plush toy, fish-shaped rice paper, scissors, oil pastel, oily double-ended pen, watercolor pen, gouache, chalk, cotton swab, transparent pad, etc.
Activity flow:
1. Swim into the arena with small fish. "Listen, children, what's that noise?" (Sound of waves) "By the way, we came to the beautiful sea today. Let's learn to swim with the little fish! " The little fish swam to the field with the children.
2. Show clown fish, lead to the topic, appreciate the courseware, feel the beauty of Yuxian paper-cutting, and be interested in making it. "Small fish swim very beautifully. Look, who is this? " The teacher plays the clown fish and talks to the children. "Hello, children!" Hello, Nemo! ) "You were really good just now. I have some good friends who want to be friends with you. Do you want to know them? " (think! ) "Well, please come and meet my good friend." Enjoy the courseware and let the children tell the difference between these fish and the fish they usually see. (It is cut out of paper) Then let the children say what is the difference between fish cut out of paper and fish cut out of ordinary paper. Draw (these fish are colored)-these are paper-cuts in Yuxian County, Hebei Province, and they are one of the representatives of Chinese paper-cut works.
3. Show various forms of fish-shaped rice paper drawn by children, and let the children try to dye it themselves to see what they should do to make such a beautiful Yuxian paper-cut.
Teacher: "little friend, I still have some small fish you drew before." If you compare them with Yuxian paper-cut, what kind of fish do you think looks good? " (Yuxian paper-cut looks good) Teacher {"What can you do to make these small fish look as good as Yuxian paper-cut?" There are all kinds of materials on my desk. Please try them. How can I make them look as beautiful as Yuxian paper-cuts? " The teacher observed the children's completion, asked the children to talk about the situation in the production process, and compared the effects of each material, which was the closest to Yuxian paper-cutting.
4. Summary
Please continue to appreciate Yuxian paper-cut works, knowing that Yuxian paper-cut is multifaceted and has few lines, which is convenient for people to color. Red, yellow, blue, green and purple are commonly used. Arouse children's interest in reproduction.
Then show the fish painted on rice paper for children to compare. What's the difference except the color? (There is no hollowed-out pattern on the body) Please imitate Yuxian paper-cut to complete the work, and the teacher will observe and guide.
Step 5 evaluate
And let the children put the finished products on the wall of the underwater world in the activity room to end the activity.
Teaching reflection:
Children are highly motivated to study. However, at the beginning of painting, quite a few children were afraid to write, and only with the encouragement and guidance of the teacher did they move their strokes. Analysis of the reasons, usually due to lack of exercise opportunities, lack of self-confidence, everyone thinks that the activity time is too long. In this activity, the teacher's activity program is clear and orderly, the process is lively and interesting, and the method is proper. Inspiring, exploratory, and more importantly, the teacher's teaching attitude, language and tone are always infectious, which deeply attracts children to actively participate in the activities with a happy mood. Therefore, the whole activity process is lively and the effect is ideal.
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