What to do if a sheep stretches its waist and has diarrhea?

The same applies to humans and animals. Try to explain any problem from a human perspective, why people get sick, who is prone to getting sick, and what can be done to prevent them from getting sick. The answer is that people with good health and strong resistance are less likely to get sick. How can I stay healthy? Pay attention to a reasonable diet, moderate exercise, a good living environment, and a good mentality and habits. The same goes for sheep. Sheep are strong and cannot be infected with all kinds of diseases. Diarrhea is divided into lamb diarrhea and adult sheep diarrhea. The causes of diarrhea in sheep of different ages are different. Let’s talk about adult sheep first. Causes of diarrhea: 1. Bacterial infections, such as various infectious diseases, eating unclean forage (grass growing in areas with long-term flooding, grass contaminated by feces, etc.) 2. Various stress situations, such as Just returned from the introduction, exposed to rain, cold, especially sudden cold 3 Intestinal parasites, such as tapeworms, gastroenteritis 4 Sudden consumption of too much concentrated feed and improper feed ratio 5 In captivity, the sheep house is damp or Without proper outdoor exercise, sheep have to bask in the sun 6. Suddenly switch from eating hay to green grass. This situation is common in spring. 7. Sheep have weak constitution and poor gastrointestinal function. Such sheep are prone to diarrhea after eating dew grass. It is roughly divided into simple diarrhea, indigestive diarrhea, and infectious diarrhea. How to identify the nature of diarrhea based on symptoms? First, check whether it is pure diarrhea or accompanied by symptoms such as fever and difficulty breathing. Then, look at the color of the stool. Is it similar to the color of normal stool? Is it just becoming thinner? What is the degree of thinness? Whether it turns yellow, green, red, or black, whether it is mixed with blood clots and tissue fragments, whether there is mucus, whether it smells bad, and whether there is too much. The following diseases and poor feeding and management can cause diarrhea: sheep enterotoxemia, colibacillosis, salmonellosis, leptospirosis, paratuberculosis, coccidiosis and other pathogenic microorganisms, Trichostrongylus, tapeworm, Gastric worms and other intestinal parasites; eating too much green and juicy forage, sudden changes in feed formula in captivity, poisoning, copper deficiency, cobalt deficiency, mineral imbalance, etc. Treatment measures: general If you judge that it is not a serious infectious disease, you only need to take orally administered norfloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, berberine hydrochloride, compound berberine, furans, etc. One, I personally think ciprofloxacin has the best effect, usually one or two times is enough. If the condition is serious, use intramuscular injection of cefotaxime. (Please read the instruction manual for the method of use and dosage of the drug. The general human dosage refers to an adult weighing 60 kilograms. When used on sheep, you can convert it according to the weight of the sheep. You can use the appropriate dosage. A little older, it is recommended to buy the medicine in human pharmacies. The quality of veterinary pharmacies is not guaranteed, especially those extracted from traditional Chinese medicine. Don’t believe the hype on the box that says it can cure this or that. ). After feeding the medicine, drink an appropriate amount of warm water. Do not drink too much at one time, but a small amount and multiple times. Do not take glucose, sucrose or any other sugary substances by mouth at this time. At the same time, the feeding of concentrated feed is suspended. If the diarrhea is severe, the green forage is also stopped. You can even use some laxatives to help empty your gastrointestinal tract. You must know that there is a method of treatment called: starvation therapy, which is sometimes very effective. Treatment principles: early detection, early treatment, don’t be lazy. If you are not sure whether it is contagious, isolate the sick sheep and spray all sheep in a timely manner. Disinfect and give preventive medicine to healthy sheep. There are several other reasons for diarrhea in lambs: the lambs produced by weak ewes naturally have poor gastrointestinal conditions; they do not receive colostrum in time, and they are exposed to polluted and dirty environments. When lambing and ewes have insufficient milk, supplementary feeding of milk is recommended. For lamb diarrhea, if it is not caused by bacterial infection, it is recommended to take lactic acid bacterium tablets, whole intestines, pepsin, and lactase. If it is bacterial, the treatment is the same as that of big sheep. The first choice is berberine hydrochloride and compound berberine. If it is not effective, use ciprofloxacin. Feeding newborn lambs one grain of oxytetracycline every day for three consecutive days can enhance the gastrointestinal function and make them less prone to diarrhea when they grow up. Let me also talk about lamb galactostasis. This problem has appeared in the bar in the past two days and there are many opinions. I will join in the fun and talk nonsense.

Personally, I think there are several reasons for galactopretosis: 1. Weather reasons. The temperature difference between day and night is now increasing in the north and some mountainous areas. During the day, you drink enough milk before going to bed. The cold air is strong at night, and the lambs digest it after catching the cold. The problem is; the second is lack of exercise, sleeping after eating, milk is in the lower part of the abomasum, affecting gastric peristalsis. Experienced people should be able to observe that if the venue is large enough, a two-day-old lamb will be full. Later, they like to go crazy all over the world with other lambs, and they are also called jumping ones. If they just stay in a small lambing pen, they will not be so active; third, there is no drinking water for the lambs. In fact, lambs also need to drink water, especially In hot weather, the body lacks water. After the milk enters, it absorbs the water first, and the milk turns into cheese. How can the cheese be digested? Fourth, the colostrum of some ewes is particularly large and thick, which means high protein and fat content, low water content, and is not easy to digest. So why can an accumulation of milk cause death? First, let’s talk about the normal digestion process of milk, which is roughly as follows: first, in the abomasum, which is an acidic environment. In the processing of gastric acid, pepsin, various digestive enzymes, and various microorganisms, proteins are decomposed into amino acids. Carbohydrates are turned into glucose, part of which is absorbed in the abomasum, and then transferred to the small intestine for further digestion. The small intestine is an alkaline environment, where bile and intestinal juice and various digestive enzymes break down the fat components into various fatty acids, and then pass through Absorption from the intestinal wall. Unabsorbed protein remains in the abomasum, and carbohydrates are further digested and absorbed in the small intestine. Please forgive me, I have forgotten almost all the biochemistry I learned back then, and I can’t explain clearly. There may be various reasons why milk enters the abomasum, is not digested and transferred to the small intestine in time, and is forced to accumulate in the abomasum. As mentioned at the beginning However, the abomasum is an acidic environment, and there are various microorganisms in the abomasum. There is a type of microorganisms called lactobacilli. The common ones are Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, etc. This thing is just like some Chinese people during the Anti-Japanese War. When everything is fine, Ordinary people are honest people. When the Japanese devils come, they become traitors. The same is true for lactic acid bacteria. They are acidophilic bacteria, which means they like an acidic environment. If there is food (milk), they will multiply in large numbers and produce lactic acid and various gases, causing abdominal bloating. As the name suggests, lactic acid is an acidic substance, which makes the abomasum a further acidic environment, further suitable for the growth of lactic acid bacteria, and so on. When there is too much lactic acid, it will have two effects on the sheep's body. First, it will be directly absorbed into the blood, destroying the acid-base balance of the blood, causing acidosis. Acidosis will cause damage to brain function and dehydration of the body, and finally damage to brain function. It will affect the functions of the respiratory central nervous system and autonomic nerves, so the sick sheep will appear depressed. This is why ruminal acidosis requires rehydration. However, due to abdominal distension, the sheep themselves are unwilling to drink water; secondly, lactic acid exists in the abomasum, causing the osmotic pressure of the abomasum to increase. In order to balance the osmotic pressure, the capillaries in the abomasal wall will leak out a large amount of water, diluting the gastric juice. Therefore, even though the sheep does not drink water, it will feel that the lamb's belly is full of water, which further aggravates the symptoms of dehydration. Finally, the blood becomes thicker, and a series of body dehydration and acidosis symptoms occur. Under normal circumstances, lactic acid bacteria are also multiplying, but the milk will be released in time. It is transferred to the small intestine, which is an alkaline environment, and there are also various microorganisms in the small intestine, which also have a check and balance and competitive effect on lactic acid bacteria. This is like a traitor who fell into the hands of the Eighth Route Army and immediately became honest. Therefore, a normal digestive process does not produce a large amount of lactic acid. The above is also applicable to rumen food accumulation and ruminal acidosis, except that the lactobacilli eat grass and concentrate. All drugs have side effects. Gentamicin The most serious side effects are mainly hearing damage. Using it to treat diarrhea won't have any serious side effects. Gentamicin treats diarrhea because it is basically not absorbed after oral administration and can maintain a high concentration in the intestines, so it must be taken orally. If it is a liquid, the effect is definitely worse than a sustained-release agent. Let’s talk about a small problem that novices don’t know much about, conjunctival keratitis. Let’s talk about a few terms first. The conjunctiva refers to the thin film on the inner surface of the eyelids (upper and lower eyelids) and the surface of the eyeball. The cornea refers to the black eyeball. The white eyeball refers to the bulbar conjunctiva and the first 1/3 of the sclera.

For lungworm, in the early stage, the main symptoms are coughing and no nasal mucus. Antibiotics are ineffective, and coughing is contagious. Sheep that have coughed for a long time will gradually develop nasal mucus, obvious breath sounds, and a "whooshing" sound. Cough caused by lungworm is not time-sensitive. The kind of cough caused by poor ventilation in the sheep house is more common at night and will be significantly relieved during grazing during the day. There is usually runny nose and more eye secretions. For the above four parasites, the anthelmintic drugs I recommend are: albendazole 20-50, ivermectin 0.5-1, levamisole 5-10, mix the three drugs together, add water to break up and infuse on an empty stomach Clothes. This formula can be used on pregnant sheep. Just be careful to be gentle when grabbing the sheep and feeding the medicine, and do not touch the right side of the uterus. If the sheep struggles or screams when feeding the medicine, it cannot be given because it is afraid of entering the lungs. As for rotating pastures and collecting feces after deworming, do it if you have the conditions. If not, there is nothing you can do. If it is not urgent and the pregnant sheep is about to give birth, it is not recommended to give medicine. Whether it is internal or external parasites, I do not recommend the use of ivermectin injections. First, because ivermectin itself has a limited anthelmintic spectrum, mainly against internal nematodes and external arthropod parasites (mites, ticks, effective against lice), but ineffective against common tapeworms and flukes. Second, some sheep will experience severe pain due to subcutaneous injection of ivermectin. For pregnant sheep, it is not safe enough and can easily lead to miscarriage. Another reason is that the quality of ivermectin on the market varies, and some farmers who don’t understand have tried deworming, but it has no effect. For external parasites, you can choose eplenomectin (the trade name is generally called "Mite"), avermectin and other external insecticides for smearing or spraying the whole group with the body, including the walls when spraying , sheep bed. Albendazole and levamisole are available in pharmacies. Albendazole is also called albendazole, albendazole, intestinal insecticide, anti-peristaltic, etc. Don't buy Albendazole from Sino-American SmithKline Intestinal Chongqing, which is too expensive because it is a Sino-foreign joint venture and often advertised. Other purely domestically produced drugs, as long as they are human drugs, have basically the same effect. The best recipe for infectious pleuropneumonia: clarithromycin plus ciprofloxacin. In severe cases, it can be injected directly into the chest. The second choice combination: azithromycin plus ciprofloxacin, or tylosin plus ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin is the preferred treatment option for infectious pleuropneumonia, taking a sick sheep weighing about 50 kilograms as an example, on the first day Prescription: 0.5 g of clarithromycin and 0.5 g of ciprofloxacin for intramuscular injection on both sides or intravenous infusion in separate bottles (clarithromycin is best with 250 ml of normal saline), and repeat after ten to twelve hours. Starting from the next day, the single dose of clarithromycin is adjusted to 0.25--0.5 grams according to the severity of the disease, and the frequency remains unchanged. until complete recovery. If there is no injectable dosage form, tablets and capsules will also work, but the effect will be much worse. For severe cases, administration can be administered directly into the chest. Please Baidu for the method of chest injection. The second option is azithromycin plus ciprofloxacin, and the usage and dosage remain unchanged. Another option is tylosin plus ciprofloxacin (or enrofloxacin). For preventive medication on healthy sheep, you can use clarithromycin or azithromycin 0.25g/50 pounds of body weight, once a day, injected or taken orally. It is best not to feed with mixed ingredients, which will affect absorption. For this disease, which is mainly transmitted through the air, ventilation is very important. Isolate the sick sheep in time, clean up the oral and nasal secretions left by the sick sheep in the pen, and disinfect the pen. Why do we talk about the dosage of 50 kilograms of sheep? This is because the outbreak of this disease often occurs soon after the introduction of lambs or the purchase of lambs for fattening. Most breeding sheep or fattening sheep weigh around 40 to 50 kilograms. If it happens, Just take the medicine according to the dosage. Many novices are confused about dosage. Azithromycin is very effective, but it should not be overdosed too much. First, it is expensive, and second, it may cause some serious side effects