Two original texts and lesson plans from Chinese Lesson 8 "Shishuo Xinyu" in the first volume of the first volume of the Ministry of Education edition

# Teaching Plan # Introduction "Shishuoxinyu" is a collection of classical Chinese novels written by people in the Southern Song Dynasty. It is basically believed to be written by Liu Yiqing of the Southern Song Dynasty. It is also said that it was written by followers organized by Liu Yiqing. Also known as "The Theory of the World". Its content mainly records the words, deeds and anecdotes of some celebrities from the late Eastern Han Dynasty to the Wei and Jin Dynasties. We have prepared the following content for your reference!

A compilation of two original texts of Chinese Lesson 8 "Shishuo Xinyu" in the first volume of the first grade of junior high school "Yong Snow"

Taifu Xie Hanxue gathered in the evening to discuss the meaning of literature with his children. Suddenly it snowed suddenly, and the Duke said happily: "What does the white snow look like?" Brother Hu'er said: "Sprinkle salt to make the difference in the air." The brother and daughter said: "It's not like catkins blowing up due to the wind." The Duke laughed happily. That is to say, the eldest brother Gong has no daughter, and she is the wife of General Wang Ning of the left.

"Chen Taiqiu and Youqi"

Two lesson plans for Chinese Lesson 8 "Shi Shuo Xin Yu" in the first volume of the second volume of the second part of the second edition

< p>　1. Knowledge and ability: Accumulate the actual words of classical Chinese, understand the meaning of the text, and recite the text.

2. Process and method: clarify the meaning in recitation, understand the reason in discussion

3. Emotional attitudes and values: feel the family affection in a harmonious, relaxed and harmonious atmosphere.

Teaching is important and difficult: understanding the content of the text and accumulating the content of classical Chinese. Analyze the language of the characters in the text and cultivate the ability to analyze problems from multiple perspectives.

Teaching time: 2 lessons

Teaching process

First lesson

1. Creating situations

We There have been many smart and witty children in Chinese history, and stories about them are still passed down to this day. What stories do you know about clever children? (For example, Cao Chong weighed the elephant, Sima Guang smashed the vat, Gan Luo became the prime minister at the age of twelve, etc.) Today I will introduce to you two such ancient teenagers. Let us get to know them together and make friends with them. Now let's study the first of the two poems in "Shishuoxinyu", "Yong Xue".

2. Exploring new knowledge

(1) Read the text aloud and gain overall perception.

1. Arrange students to preview before class and introduce the author of the work by name. (Show the courseware)

2. Listen to the recording of the text, grasp the rhythm, and understand the language.

3. Segment sentences in the text based on the recording you listened to and the meaning of the text.

4. Understand the key words underlined.

5. Retell the story in modern Chinese.

(2) Read the text and discuss the questions. (Group cooperation of four)

Questions to think about: (Show courseware)

1. "Xie Taifu Hanxue gathered in the evening to give lectures and discussions with his children" is a short fifteen words, It covers quite a lot of content. What does this sentence describe?

2. What kind of family atmosphere are created by words such as "Hanxue", "Neiji", "Xinran" and "Laughing"?

3. Xie Daoyun is explained at the end of the article What is the purpose of the identity? Representatives were selected from the group to speak, and teachers and students communicated.

Clear key points:

1. Explain the time (cold snow day) place (internal episode) characters (Teacher Xie and his children) events (lecture and discussion)

2. Create a harmonious, cheerful and relaxed family atmosphere. This question is open-ended, and "family atmosphere" is not limited to the words listed. It is better to feel the family atmosphere at the moment as a whole. You can choose one or two answers from "harmonious", "cheerful" and "relaxed".

3. This is a strong hint that he appreciates Dao Yun's talent. The ancients praised Dao Yun as a talented woman, and the saying "Yong Xu Cai" came from here.

4. Which one do you think is the better metaphor between Xie Daoyun and Hu Er?

Discuss and summarize: There are two different opinions.

(1) I think "sprinkling salt" is a good metaphor. The color and falling state of snow are similar to salt, while catkins are gray-white and tend to rise in the wind, even flying very high and far. It’s different from the way snowflakes fly. When writing things, we must first obtain physical resemblance and then reach spiritual resemblance. Appropriateness is the foundation. Therefore, the metaphor of "spreading salt" is a good one.

(2) I think "catkins" is a good metaphor. It gives people the feeling that spring is coming. Just as the great British poet Shelley said, "Winter is here, can spring be far behind?" And " What is missing in the metaphor "withdraw salt" is precisely the meaning - what is the purpose of spreading salt in the air? And the image is not beautiful. Good poems must have imagery, and "catkins" are a good metaphor because they have imagery, so "catkins" are a good metaphor.

5. There are different interpretations of the sentence "public laughter" in the article. What do you think?

① Express satisfaction with both answers;

② "Laughter" is a pre-metaphor, and "乐" is a post-metaphor;

③ It is a metaphor for "catkins" And "Laughter"

(3) Summary of the main theme: Yongxue tells a story from the Xie family, a literary family of the Jin Dynasty. At a family gathering, Xie Daoyun showed his talent for singing xu.

(4) Recite the text and read it by heart (show the courseware and enhance memory according to the situation)

3. Expand and extend

What else can you think of? A poem about snow? (accumulation of poems)

Northern scenery/thousands of miles of ice/thousands of miles of snow drifting (Mao Zedong)

I don’t know if the water flowers bloom first/suspected that the winter snow has not disappeared (Zhang Wei)

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About to cross the Yellow River, which is blocked by ice / About to climb the snow-covered mountains of Taihang (Li Bai)

The window contains Qianqiu snow on the Xiling Mountains / The door is docked at the Dongwu Wanli Ship (Du Fu)

Suddenly, like a spring breeze coming overnight, thousands of pear blossoms bloom (Cen Shen)

The white snow is too late for spring, so the trees fly through the courtyard (Han Yu)

4. Classroom Exercises< /p>

5. Assign homework.

Second Lesson

Teaching Objectives:

Knowledge and Abilities: Read the rhythm, read the charm, question while reading, and think after reading

Process and methods: Teachers and students read, discuss, speak and comment together

Emotional attitudes and values: Cultivate a sense of language in reading aloud, and feel family affection in reading. Feel the wisdom in the situation and learn to be a human being in the choice.

Teaching focus: reciting texts and accumulating classical Chinese words.

Teaching difficulties: Expand students’ thinking from multiple angles.

Teaching process

1. Creating situations

Let me tell you a story: Once upon a time, there was a general named Ji Bu under Xiang Yu, because he had many Liu Bang was besieged for the first time. After Xiang Yu was defeated, Liu Bang paid a large sum of money to capture him. Because Ji Bu was usually heavy-handed and very popular, people took the risk of killing the nine tribesmen to hide him. At that time, there was a saying in Chu State: "It is better to get Ji Bu's promise than to get a hundred taels of gold." In the end, Liu Bang had no choice but to pardon Ji Bu and promote him to Taizong of Jiangdong. This is the allusion of "a promise is worth a thousand gold" and "a promise is worth a thousand pieces of gold". It can be seen how important integrity is! Today, let’s get to know a person who doesn’t keep his word. Let’s see how our little Yuan Fang treats him! (Show topic) "Chen Taiqiu and Youqi".

2. Explore new knowledge

(1) Overall perception

1. Listen to the text recording and pay attention to the pronunciation and rhythm of the words. (Emphasis on the pronunciation of "no" in "Zunjunzaibu")

2. Students read the rhythm-marked text together.

3. Understand the key words

4. Compare the key words and reference books to understand the meaning of the full text.

(Students consult reference books, communicate with each other, and select representatives to speak about the main ideas of the text)

5. Teachers and students communicate, and *** translate the text into modern Chinese

(2) Cooperative exploration

1. Read the text aloud by role. It is required to grasp the tone and expression of the character's dialogue and pay attention to the rhythm.

2. Students evaluate each other.

3. Work in groups of four to learn together and answer questions. If the group cannot answer the question, another center spokesperson will be recommended to take notes and raise the question for discussion by the whole class.

Summary questions: (1) How did Yuan Fang refute the "friend"? Is his refutation convincing?

(2) What kind of people do you think "Yuan Fang" and "Friends" in the article are?

Clearly: (1) The Yuan Dynasty and the Central Government pointed out the "untrustworthiness" and "rudeness" of the "friends", and their harsh words made the "friends" "ashamed" and finally "get off the bus and attract them."

(2) Yuan Fang is a person who is witty, eloquent, and understands etiquette; his friend is a person who is untrustworthy and rude but knows his mistakes and can correct them.

4. Multi-angle exploration: Is Yuan Fang’s “ignorance of entry” disrespectful? Tell us your views based on the content of the article. (Show courseware)

Clearly: A. Not rude (the guest learned that Taiqiu had left, but instead of reflecting on his fault, he angrily scolded Taiqiu, using rude language that was offensive to the ears; Chen Ji responded tit for tat, Point out that the other party is "untrustworthy" and "rude", and the words are righteous and harsh, leaving the other party speechless. Therefore, the core of this article is "untrustworthy" and "rude", and it promotes integrity. , a decent character. Not rude, because it is "friend" who is disrespectful to Yuan Fang's father first.

B. rude (because "friend" is the same generation as his father after all, so he should not be disrespectful. Respect your elders. You should always be polite, never ignore guests, give people a chance to correct their mistakes, and allow others to apologize. Don’t worry about adults.) (Answers to any of the points in AB should be reasonable)

5. If you think about it from multiple angles, you can rearrange the plot of the story.

a. Yuan Fang’s answer to his friend can be changed to “My father is. 'Inhuman', if you are friends with my father, then you are also an 'inhuman'!"

b. Yuan Fang forgave his friend and took his friend to find his father.

…………

3. Try feedback

1. Accumulate idioms: Can you say idioms that contain the following words? (Show the courseware)

2. Accumulate famous quotes. Can you say famous quotes about being honest and polite? (Show the courseware)

Example:

Only do what you say first. , only your words have credibility. ——(Persia) Ansul Ma Ali

If you lose your credibility in life, you will be like a zombie. ——(English) Herbert

Fulfilling a promise is the mark of honor. ——(French) Proverb

Courtesy costs nothing, but it wins everything. ——(English) Mary Vaughan Montagu

4. Summary: What are your gains from this class?

The teaching objectives of the two lesson plans for Chinese Lesson 8 "Shi Shuo Xin Yu" in the first volume of the three-part edition:

1. Read simple classical Chinese texts and accumulate common classical Chinese words.

2. Understand the stories of smart and witty young people in ancient times, learn the wisdom of the ancients, be honest and trustworthy. , The virtue of respecting others.

Teaching focus: reciting texts and accumulating classical Chinese words.

Teaching time: two classes.

Lesson 1

1. Introduction

Tell the story of "Sima Guang smashed the vat" or "Cao Zhi composed a poem in seven steps", which shows that there were many people like Sima Guang and others in ancient times. A smart young man like Cao Zhi. Today, we will get to know two such young men.

2. Introduction to the writer and his works. Representative work. Most of the records in ancient novels are rumors and anecdotes, mainly short stories, and they are generally written directly to describe the events. The book has eight volumes, divided into 36 categories including virtue, speech, political affairs, literature, founder, and magnanimity. "Yong Xue" is selected from the "Speech" category, and "Chen Taiqiu and Youqi" is selected from the "Fangzheng" category. .

Liu Yiqing, a writer of the Song Dynasty in the Southern Dynasties, was born in Pengcheng and served as the governor of Jingzhou. He loved literature and recruited scholars. "Shishuoxinyu" was compiled by a group of scholars organized by him.

3. Read the text "Song of Snow" aloud, clarify the meaning of the text, and solve difficult words and phrases in the text.

Cold snow day: a cold snowy day. Episode: Family reunion.

Step: fast, rapid Xinran: happy and joyful.

Wei: No

Fourth, on the basis of understanding the general idea, ask the students to read the text aloud again. Requirements: Remember clearly the time, place and people of the incident.

5. Ask the students to retell this short story. Requirements: All key points are complete.

6. Read the text intensively. The group discussed the following questions:

1. "Xie Taifu Hanxue gathered in the evening to talk about the meaning of literature with his children.

"What is contained in this sentence?

Clearly:

The Xie family in the Eastern Jin Dynasty was a famous family of poetry, etiquette and hairpins, headed by Taifu Xie, that is, Xie An. In such a family, when it is snowy and unable to go out, they can enjoy "lecturing on the meaning". The convener and speaker is naturally Mr. Xie, and the audience is the "sons and daughters". The time, place, people and events are all mentioned.

2. Which of the two metaphors is better? Can you tell the author’s evaluation from it?

There are two opposite opinions: one opinion is that the metaphor of "spreading salt" is better; The color and falling state of snow are closer to that of salt, while the catkins are gray-white and fly upwards in the wind, which is different from the way snow dances. When writing, one must first obtain a physical resemblance and then reach a spiritual resemblance. The other is the basis. The opinion is that the latter one is good because it gives people the feeling that spring is coming. Imagery is the unity of object image and connotation. The metaphor of "catkins" is good because it has only object image. It has no connotation, so it’s hard to say.

3. What kind of family is created by words such as "Hanxue", "Neiji", "Xinran" and "Laughing" in "Yong Xue". Atmosphere? From the context, how does the meaning of "children" differ from today's?

The first question is open-ended and can be discussed freely by students. The answer is ok as long as they can perceive the family atmosphere as a whole. Choose one or two from "harmonious", "cheerful" and "relaxed".

Ancient: Refers to the younger generation of the family.

Children:

Today: refers specifically to children

However, there are also usages specifically referring to children in ancient texts, such as:

Du Fu: "I pity my children from afar, but I still remember Chang'an" ( "Moonlight Night")

"I left you unmarried, and your children suddenly came together" ("To the Eight Virtues of the Guard")

7. Read the text aloud until you memorize it.

< p> 8. Assignment: Recite the text

Second lesson

1. Recite the first "Song of Snow", review the main points, and lead to the next one.

2. Ask the students to read "Chen Taiqiu and Youqi" to clarify the meaning of the text.

Go: leave.

Year: age. p>

When interpreting individual words in the article, pay attention to two points:

1. Tongqi: no, pass "no"

2. Omit the sentence: "go after." (Friends) even. ”

3. Read the text as a whole class. Understand the general content of the article. After reading, ask students to talk about the main content of this article. Requirements: The narrative elements are complete, including time, place, characters, and events. .

Time: One day.

Place: In front of Chen Taiqiu's house.

Character: Chen Taiqiu's son.

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Event: Chen Taiqiu’s friend broke the appointment but insulted Chen Taiqiu, and his son refuted him.

4. Read the text intensively and discuss the following questions in the group:

1. Two. How many levels can human dialogue be divided into?

It is divided into two levels. The first level is for information exchange, and the second level is for dialogue. The main content of the story is that when the guest learned that Taiqiu had left, he did not reflect on his faults, but instead scolded Taiqiu angrily, using rude and offensive language. Chen Ji responded tit-for-tat, pointing out that the other party was "untrustworthy", "rude", and righteous. Being honest and stern will leave the other party speechless.

Therefore, the core of this article is "untrustworthiness" and "rudeness", which promotes integrity and decent character.

2. What are the differences between the terms "Jun", "Jianjun" and "Zunjun" in the article?

Jun: a respectful name for the other person. , equivalent to you.

Jiajun: a humble word for someone to call one’s own father.

Zunjun: a respectful term for someone else’s father.

3 , Is it disrespectful for Fang Yuan to "ignorance"?

It is not disrespectful, because it is the "friend" who is disrespectful first.

It's rude, because after all, "friend" is the same generation as his father, and he should not disrespect his elders.

4. If there are guests at home and the parents are not at home, how do you receive them? .

5. Read the text aloud.

6. Homework assignments:

1. Recite the text.

2. Translate the text.