How to grow a large crop of peppers in a greenhouse to obtain high yields during the winter?

Growing peppers in one batch over the winter in greenhouses refers to a pepper production method that is sown in autumn under the cultivation conditions of greenhouses and harvested around the Spring Festival, which can last until around June of the following year. . Since the flowering and fruiting period of the overwintering crop happens to be in the severe winter, the requirements for planting technology are higher. Next, I will talk about how to plant the overwintering crop of peppers in a greenhouse to obtain high yields.

1. Select suitable planting varieties

Overwintering a large crop Since the seedling stage is in the cold autumn and winter, the requirements for varieties are more stringent, and you should choose An early maturing variety that is tolerant to low temperatures, low light, and disease resistant. Such as Jinjiao No. 3, Luojiao No. 6, Longjiao No. 1, etc.

2. Sowing and raising seedlings

The sowing date of peppers is affected by the region and varies from place to place. But there is a general principle to follow. After peppers are planted, make sure they have bloomed and established fruits before winter, so as to make full use of the favorable temperature and sunlight conditions before winter. Generally, northern regions such as Beijing-Tianjin, central and southern Hebei, Shaanxi and other places are planted from late August to early September; southern Liaoning is planted from mid-August to late August; Lanzhou and other places are planted in mid-July. If you sow too early, there will be more hot and rainy weather, which will easily lead to diseases and insect pests; if you sow too late, you will encounter severe cold weather when flowering occurs, which will also have an impact on flower and fruit setting.

3. Land preparation and planting

After the previous crop is harvested, the soil will be disinfected through measures such as high-temperature stuffy sheds to reduce the spread of soil-borne diseases during the current planting period. Since the growth cycle of a batch of overwintering peppers is long, a large amount of fertilizer is required, so more organic fertilizers should be applied. It is recommended to apply 8000~10000kg of decomposed organic manure, 100kg of superphosphate and 20~30kg of potassium sulfate per mu. When plowing the soil deeply (the depth of deep plowing is recommended to be more than 25 cm), a combination of general fertilization on the ground and concentrated fertilization by trenching should be used. When preparing the land, the rows can be ridged with a row spacing of 60cm to 40cm. A 20cm deep irrigation canal should be left between the large rows and ridges for irrigation under the film in winter.

The suitable period for cultivation and planting is generally 45 days after the calendar seedling age, when the seedlings have flower buds. There are 2 rows cultivated in each ridge, the row spacing within the ridge is 40cm, the row spacing between ridges is 60cm, the hole spacing is 25cm, and 2 seedlings are cultivated in each hole. Before planting, water the planting hole now, then transplant the seedlings and cover them with soil. After all planting, pour heavy water along the ditch.

4. Field Management

During the winter, the crop will experience high temperatures and rainy weather, as well as severe cold in winter, so the requirements for field management are even stricter.

1. Temperature management

5 to 6 days after planting, the suitable temperature during the day is 28℃~30℃, the suitable temperature at night is 18℃~20℃, and the greenhouse temperature Do not carry out ventilation when the temperature does not exceed 35℃, which is beneficial to slowing down the seedlings. When the temperature is higher than 35°C, the air vents can be opened from the ridge for ventilation.

When the heart leaves begin to grow, it indicates that the slowing of the seedlings has been completed. At this time, ventilation and cooling should be started. The suitable temperature during the day is 25℃~28℃ and the suitable temperature at night is 17℃ to facilitate the flower bud differentiation of peppers. In the future, as the outside temperature gradually decreases, the ventilation volume and ventilation time should be gradually reduced.

After entering November, the outside temperature gradually decreases. The greenhouse should be covered with thatch to keep it warm at night. The suitable temperature during the day is about 25℃ and the night temperature is about 15℃. After entering December, the outside temperature becomes even lower. Generally, ventilation is only performed briefly at noon, and attention should be paid to thermal insulation and antifreeze work at night. In January of the next year, heating and warming measures should be taken, and a layer of thermal insulation film should be added indoors. If the weather is severe, heating equipment can be temporarily used to ensure that the temperature in the shed is not lower than 13°C. After mid-March, as the outside temperature rises, ventilation should be strengthened to prevent the room temperature in the greenhouse from being too high, especially at night. Too high temperature will cause plant weakness and worsen disease.

2. Light management

In severe winter, there are many low-temperature and low-light weather conditions. The light in the greenhouse often cannot meet the needs of normal growth and development of peppers, so increasing the light intensity is important to increase yield. measure. Choose a shed film with good light transmittance: Choose a shed film with good light transmittance. It is recommended to use polyvinyl chloride non-drip film to cover the greenhouse, and clean the dust on the shed film regularly to facilitate light transmission. Hang a reflective curtain: Hang a reflective curtain on the back wall of the shed, and adjust the height of the reflective curtain in time according to the sunlight to ensure that the reflective effect is at its best.

Open the grass thatch early and cover it late: Under the premise of ensuring the temperature, try to open the grass thatch early and cover it late to extend the lighting time. Especially in continuous cloudy weather, the grass thatch should be opened normally.

3. Reasonable fertilizer and water management

When planting, water enough planting water and seedling slowing water, and then control the amount of watering appropriately to promote fruit setting. After the first layer of fruit sets and grows to a size of 3 cm, water it, and apply fruit-stimulating fertilizer with the water. Apply 15 kg of urea or 20 kg of ammonium sulfate per mu, and pour it into the dark ditch under the film with the water.

After entering the fruiting period, the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of peppers proceed at the same time, and the demand for fertilizer and water reaches its peak. After the peppers have settled, perform a second top dressing with water, applying 20kg of urea and 10kg of potassium sulfate per mu. From December to mid-to-late February of the next year, it has been in a period of low temperature and low sunlight. If it is not particularly dry, water less and maintain a rhythm of watering once every 15 days. After the beginning of spring, the temperature and light conditions gradually improve. Generally, watering is maintained once a week, topdressing is performed every half month, and about 15 kg of urea is applied per mu. You can also use 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution and Spraying 0.2% urea solution on the page is very helpful in achieving high yield.

4. Timely pruning

Due to the longer growth period, the peppers grown over the winter will be taller than peppers cultivated in other seasons. Therefore, if traditional management methods are followed, It is difficult to maintain vigorous growth of plants for a long time, affecting the yield and quality of peppers. Therefore, during the planting process, side branches and old leaves below the doorbell should be removed in time. Crowded branches and elongated branches and leaves should be cut off in time, and the branches should be pulled to avoid lodging.

5. Preserve flowers and fruits

Since the flowering period of a large batch of overwintering peppers is in a climate with low temperature and weak light, flower and fruit drop is prone to occur; It is easy to cause the seedlings to grow leggy and is not conducive to fruit setting in the upper layers of the plant. Therefore, during the flowering and pollination period, growth regulators such as anti-falling agents can be used to spot and dip flowers to promote flower setting and fruiting.

6. Supplementary application of carbon dioxide gas fertilizer

When peppers perform photosynthesis, the demand for carbon dioxide is essential. Due to the low temperature in winter, greenhouses are often closed for heat preservation. In a closed state, the carbon dioxide in the greenhouse is far from meeting the needs of photosynthesis. Therefore, supplementary application of carbon dioxide during the flowering and fruiting period can promote the production of photosynthetic products.

The time for reapplying carbon dioxide gas fertilizer is generally 0.5 to 1 hour after opening the cover in the morning, topdressing carbon dioxide gas fertilizer for 2 to 3 hours, and stopping application 1 hour before ventilation, once a day. The application concentration is 800~1000 ml per cubic meter in winter; 1200 ml per cubic meter in spring. The concentration can be reduced to half on cloudy days, and no application is done on rainy days.

Since a large crop of pepper cultivation in autumn and winter has to go through the severe cold season in winter, the requirements for temperature and humidity control, light management, water and fertilizer management, etc. are more stringent than those for cultivation in other seasons. However, since the harvest period is around the Spring Festival, the economic benefits are relatively good. Especially for the cultivation of colored peppers, the selling price is higher during the Spring Festival.