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Does anyone know something about Italian customs?
Italy is a southern European country. Most of its land is on the Apennine Peninsula, which extends into the Mediterranean Sea in Europe. It runs from northwest to southeast and has a long and narrow shape. To the west is Sardinia, the old land of the Kingdom of Sardinia, and to the south is Sicily. The island is another large island in Italy. When viewed together with the Italian mainland, it looks like a foot playing football.
The northernmost part of Italy is part of the Alps that stretches across Italy. Separated from France, Switzerland, and the former Yugoslavia, there is Europe's highest peak, Mont Blanc, on the border between France and Italy.
The next step is the Po Plain, which is between the Alps and the Apennines in the north. The Po River, which originates from melted ice and snow in the Alps, flows from northwest to southeast into the Mediterranean Sea, alluvializing the sediment on both sides into the current narrow triangular Po River plain, which is higher in the northwest and lower in the southeast.
There are not many rivers in Italy, and the largest river system is the Po River system. The longest river is the Po River, 652 kilometers long. Other larger rivers include the Adige and Pygvi rivers in the north, and the Arno (flowing through Florence) and the Tiber (flowing through Rome) in the middle. Italian rivers are rarely used for shipping due to their limited flow.
Then further down are the Apennine Mountains, which run through Italy from north to south, leading Italy to the Mediterranean.
Because it is located in the extrusion zone of the Eurasian and African continental plates, Italy is mountainous and hilly, accounting for about 80% of its territory, and has many active volcanoes. The famous volcano is Vesuvius. , Mount Etna.
There are thousands of large and small lakes in Italy, the most famous of which are Lake Maggiore, Lake Como and Lake Calda in the north.
There are also two sovereign pocket states in Italy: the Vatican Papal State and San Marino.
Climate
Although Italy is in the temperate zone, due to its long and narrow terrain, mountainous territory and location in the Mediterranean Sea, the climate varies greatly from place to place. The winter in the north is cold, with the average temperature in the Po River Plain in January being zero degrees, while the temperature in the Alps can drop to minus 20 degrees, and some peaks are even covered with snow all year round. In the southern region, except for inland mountainous areas, the average temperature in January can reach 10 degrees above zero. In summer throughout Italy, the average temperature is 24-25 degrees, except in higher mountainous areas.
Population
According to the census in October 1981, Italy's population was more than 56.55 million. It is estimated that it has decreased slightly, which is approximately one-twentieth of our country's population. Males accounted for 48.6% and females accounted for 51.4%. The industrial population accounts for 28.6%, the service industry accounts for 52.5%, and the unemployment rate in 1992 was 10.2%. With a population density of 190/km2, it is one of the countries with the highest population density in Europe. However, the actual distribution of the Italian population is very uneven: 64% of the people live in plain areas, coastal areas, and urban areas of large, medium and small cities, which only account for 1/3 of the territory.
In history, Italy has suffered from serious population migration. Tens of millions of Italians have migrated to America, Africa and other European countries. In the 1950s and 1960s, due to the demand for labor from industrial development in the north, the south moved to the north, and some immigrants from abroad also returned. Since the 1970s, the number of immigrants returning has exceeded the number of immigrants abroad.
Parliament
The Italian Constitution stipulates that Italy’s legislative body is the Parliament, including the House of Representatives and the Senate. There are 325 seats in the Senate, elected on a regional basis, with five-year terms, ten of which are selected by the former and current presidents from people who have made special contributions to the country; 630 seats in the House of Representatives, elected on a regional basis in proportion to population, with a five-year term.
President
The president is elected directly by citizens for a 7-year term. He represents the political unity of the country and performs the powers granted by the constitution, such as approving government proposals, calling for elections and referendums, Order the dissolution of parliament through consultation with the speakers of both houses, nominate the prime minister and be responsible for negotiating with the political parties to reorganize the government in times of political crisis, etc.
The Prime Minister and the Government
The government is an executive agency and is headed by the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister determines the general policy of the government and has the power to decide on matters involving the responsibilities of various departments.
Administrative divisions
Italy is divided into twenty administrative regions (regions, equivalent to provinces in my country), called districts or regions, five of which are autonomous regions. Districts are divided into several provinces, and there are 95 provinces in the country. Provinces are divided into several cities and towns, and there are 8,088 cities and towns in the country.
The city has a city council (consiglio comunale), a municipal government (giunta comunale), and a mayor (sindaco).
Italy’s administrative division is simple: country>region>province>municipal, and no others. Since then it has been There are towns like Roman Milan with millions of people, and there are small towns with only a few thousand people.
Religious belief
Most Italians believe in Catholicism. Roman Catholicism was once the state religion in Italy. After the separation of church and state in 1927, the influence of Catholicism gradually weakened among the young people of the Qing Dynasty. In addition to Catholicism, there are also Christianity, Judaism, etc.
Economic Geography
Due to historical reasons, the north of Italy is economically developed, while the south is backward. Italy is customarily divided into northern, central and southern parts (including Sicily and the island of Sardinia).
There are eight districts in the north: Valle D'Aosta; Piemonte; Liguria; Lombardia; Trentino-Alto Adige; Veneto; Friuli-Venezie Giulia; Emilia-Romagna.
Valle d' Aosta (Valle d'Aosta)
Located on the northwest border, it is a French-speaking special administrative region established in 1948. Italian and French are spoken commonly, and Aosta is the capital. This is a mountainous area, with some peaks covered with snow all year round. Residents are concentrated in the Aosta Valley. The climate is a typical Alpine climate, with cold winters and cool summers. It is a summer resort and a skiing resort in winter. Courmayeur, Cogne, and Cervinia are all famous ski resorts with good facilities. Tourism is an important source of income for Valle d'Aosta. Casino'Saint Vicent is one of the three largest legal casinos in Italy. The Mont Blanc Tunnel is the only way for trains and cars to France, and the Grand St. Bernard Pass Tunnel leads to Switzerland.
Piedmonte
It is located in the northwest, surrounded by mountains on three sides to the north and southwest, with the Po River flowing through the entire territory, and fertile plains on both sides. It has a continental climate with cold winters and hot summers. The capital is Turin. There are automobile manufacturing (FIAT), computer Olivetti (current trend of turning into investment companies), textiles, and clothing. Agriculture includes rice (Vercelli) and wine (Asti). There are many nature reserves, such as the famous Grand Paradise Mountain Nature Reserve. Piemonte is also a famous tourist area. There are many ancient Roman buildings here. In terms of natural landscape, Lake Maggiore is the most attractive tourist attraction.
Liguria
Near the Gulf of Genoa, its capital is Genova. It is surrounded by mountains in the north and the sea in the south. The mountains overlap, the coast is steep, and there are almost no plains. However, the climate is warm and the rainfall is abundant. Produces olives and grapes. The shipping and shipbuilding industries are developed and concentrated in Genoa. Genoa is the largest cargo terminal in the Mediterranean, and our country's ocean shipping company has offices here. The coast here is steep and beautiful, and the Ligurian coast is a tourist attraction in Italy. There is also the annual San Remo Italian Song Festival FestivalBar, which also attracts thousands of domestic and foreign tourists.
Lombardia
Located in the Po River plain in the north, its capital is Milano. Lombardy is the most economically developed region in Italy, with a complete range of industrial sectors. Mechanical and chemical industry, clothing and textiles, food, publishing, printing, building materials, furniture, etc. are all very developed. Mainly concentrated in the triangle area of ??Milan, Como and Varese. As the financial center of Italy, it is one of the world's fashion, design and fashion centers. Its annual clothing exhibition and furniture exhibition can attract more than 200,000 visitors each. Almost all major Italian clothing brands have their headquarters here. There are many famous brand clothing stores in the city center, and there are many people from all over the world who come here to shop. Bank of China has a branch here.
Trentino-Alto Adige (Trentino-Alto Adige)
Located in the northernmost part of Italy, the residents are composed of Germans (66.6%) and Italians (29.
4%) and Latin-speaking minorities (4.2%). An autonomous region was established in 1948. The official languages ??are German and Italian, and the capital is Trento. This is a large mountainous area with a cold climate, and the forest area accounts for more than 44% of the entire area. There are many mountain peaks covered with snow all year round, making it a tourist ski resort. Hydroelectric power is also fully utilized here. The Adige River, the second largest river in Italy, is 410 kilometers long and flows through the entire region from northwest to southeast. Rich agricultural areas are formed on both sides of the river valley, which mainly produces fruits, vegetables and wheat. Apple production ranks first in the country. Grape cultivation is also widespread and fine wines are produced. Although it is a mountainous area, the transportation is very convenient, with railways and roads connected to Austria.
Veneto (Veneto)
It is located in the northeast of Italy, with mountains in the northwest and plains in the southeast. The Po and Adige rivers flow through the entire region, and Venice is the capital. The scenery here is beautiful. In addition to the famous water city of Venice, the Dolomites in the west are also Italy's ski resorts. In short, tourism plays an important role in this region. The production of specialty handicrafts related to tourism is mainly concentrated on the small islands near Venice, such as crystal glass products in Murano and hand embroidery in Burano. Famous companies in this area include Benetton, the world's king of ready-to-wear.
Friuli-Venezia Giulia
Located in the northeast of Italy, there are railways connected to the Balkans and Central European countries. It is the eastern gate of Italy. The region has plains in the south and mountains in the north. It has a continental climate and its capital is Trieste. The main residents are Italians, with a small number of Slovenians and Germans. Due to historical reasons, the area has also become an autonomous region since 1963. Near Udine is an important chair production site in the world, accounting for more than half of the world's annual output and exported to all over the world. Trieste's Illy coffee is famous all over the world.
Emilia Romagna
It is located in the north of central Italy, with hills in the south and plains in the north. The climate is continental. The capital is Bologna. Ya. The ham and cheese produced in the Parma region are famous, and the Balsamico black grape vinegar in the Modena region is also famous. Maranello in the Modena region is where Ferrari cars are produced. Sassuolo in Modena is the world leader in ceramic tiles. The Ceramic Tile Exhibition held in early autumn every year in Bologna is the largest exhibition in the world. San Marino ***, one of the Italian countries, is located in this area. Bologna is the northern and southern railway hub of Italy.
There are six regions in the center: Toscana, Umbria, Marche, Lazio, Abruzzi, Molise
Toscana (Tuscany)
Located in the Apennine Mountains in central Italy To the west, there are mountains to the north, hills to the east and south, and plains along the western coast and the Arno River Basin. It has a Mediterranean climate. The capital is Florence. Before the ancient Romans unified the Italian peninsula, this was where the Etruscans lived. The level of civilization was higher than other places. In addition, it was the cradle of the Renaissance. It has always been a place that domestic and foreign tourists yearn for, such as the monuments in Florence and Art treasures, Siena's Gothic architecture, the Leaning Tower of Pisa. A large number of grapes and olives are planted in the hilly areas here, and excellent wine and olive oil are produced. The white marble of the Cararra region is world-famous and is a favorite treasure of sculptors. Prato's textile industry occupies an important position in the world, so it has also welcomed a large number of Chinese immigrants to engage in clothing processing. Bernini, who is famous for filming "Beautiful Body", is a Prato native. The gold and silver jewelry industry in Arezzo is very developed. Our webmaster company is located in the city of Prato.
Umbria
Located in central Italy, the east is a large mountainous area, accounting for 29%, and the west is a hilly area, accounting for 71%. It is only found in the upper reaches of the Tiber River. A few flat areas. The climate is Mediterranean. The capital is Perugia, Beluga. There are many relics of the Etruscan culture and the ancient Roman period in this area, as well as many Renaissance buildings and works of art. For example, Beruga and Assisi have almost completely preserved the appearance of the ancient city in the Middle Ages and are important tourist spots in Italy. .
Beruga is the production place of the famous chocolate Perugina (Baci). Beluga University for Foreigners is the inevitable path for foreigners to study in Italy.
Marche (Marco)
It is located on the east side of the Apennine Mountains in central Italy, facing the Adriatic Sea to the east, mainly mountains and hills. The capital is Ancona. The beach here is gentle and sandy, and the sea water is less polluted. It is the best bathing beach in Italy and is overcrowded in summer. The area around Pesaro is the center of Italian shoemaking.
Lazio
Located in central Italy, on the west coast. The area is hilly, with plains along the coast and along the Tiber River. The capital is Rome. After World War II, a relatively complete industry developed with Rome as the center. The tourism industry in this area is developed, and the service industry accounts for a large proportion of the economic life here.
Abruzzi (Abruzzi)
It is located to the east of the Apennine Mountains in central Italy, south of Marche, and east of Lazio. The central and western areas are mainly livestock farming, and vegetables and fruits are also grown. Coastal areas are dominated by fishing. The capital is L'Aquila. The coast is also an excellent bathing spot and is visited by many national and foreign tourists in the summer. Teramo has the only ski resort in central China. There are also many small towns with ancient features and unique scenery.
Molise
Originally belonged to Abreu, it became independent in 1963. It is located in the south and has the same landform and climate. In addition to Italians, there are also many Albanians and Serbs. The capital is Campobasso. This area is mainly agricultural. There are also clean beaches and beautiful villas, but the tourism industry is not well developed. So this is one of the poorest areas in Italy.
There are six regions in the south: Campagnia, Puglia, Basilicata, Calabria, including Sicilia, Sardegna
Campagnia (Campania)
Located in the Apennines in southern Italy To the south of the mountains lies the Tyrrhenian Sea. The climate is pleasant, warm in winter and cool in summer. The capital is Naples. Agriculture is very important in this area. Although industry is not as good as that in the north, it is second to none in the south. With convenient transportation, the Port of Naples is an important port in Italy. The natural scenery here is beautiful, and with the ancient city of Pompeii, tourism has become an important source of income.
Other regions are basically dominated by agriculture, and the industries are also small and medium-sized enterprises. Tourism resources are very rich.
City Introduction
Florence
Florence is located in central Italy and is now the capital of the Tuscany region, with a population of nearly 500,000. As the birthplace of the Renaissance and an ancient city of culture and art, Florence attracts a large number of tourists every year.
During the Renaissance, many famous artists, such as Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael and Michelangelo, known as the three masters of the Renaissance, left many immortal works in Florence. Now the city's Uffizi Gallery, Pitti Palace, Academy Gallery, and National Museum collect many art treasures.
The city and Nanjing have become sister cities.
Genoa
The city of Genoa, located on the Gulf of Genoa in northern Italy, is the capital of the Liguria region with a population of 770,000 and a port water area of ??45 square kilometers. It is the largest port in Italy. The city's economy develops closely around the port business, and the transportation and insurance industries are developed.
There are also many historical monuments here, including the Cathedral, the Church of Santa Maria, the Palazzo San Giorgio, the City Hall, the Palazzo Rosso and the Palazzo Spinano, as well as the former residence of the great navigator Columbus and the Museum, and the largest marine life park in Italy.
Our ocean shipping company has an office here.
Milan
Milan is the second largest city in Italy, with a population of 2.5 million and an area of ??more than 1,800 square kilometers. The city is Italy's most important industrial, commercial and financial center and the country's railway, road and air transport hub.
Milan has a long history. It was founded in 400 BC. From 292 AD, it became the residence of the emperors of the Western Roman Empire. Historically, Milan has been ruled by Spain, Austria and France many times. , In 1860, it got rid of Austrian rule and merged with Italy.
It is a modern city that also contains a large amount of cultural and artistic heritage and famous monuments. The most famous one is the ‘Doomo’ Cathedral located in the city center. Construction of the church began in 1386 and was not completed until 1858, which took five centuries. This is a white marble Gothic building with 135 towers on the top of the church, which are exquisitely carved. There is a gilded statue of the Virgin Mary on the top of the tallest tower. The entire church covers an area of ??11,700 square meters and can accommodate 35,000 people. It is the second largest church in the world. There is also the Galleria Manuel II close to Plaza ‘Doomo’. This is a promenade with a semicircular top decorated with stained glass, 196 meters long, 105 meters wide and 47 meters high. Both sides are lined with various elegantly decorated and expensive shops.
Milan also has the world-famous La Scala Opera House, Sforzesco Castle, and the Church of Santa Maria della Grazie. The adjacent monastery houses Leonardo da Vinci's "The Last Day." dinner".
Milan has developed industry and strong economic strength. Together with Turin and Genoa, it forms Italy's industrial delta, and its output value accounts for more than half of Italy's total industrial output value. Many large companies have their headquarters here. The various exhibitions held at the Milan Exhibition Hall attract many businesses from all over the world.
Milan and Shanghai are sister cities.
Naples
The city of Naples, located on the Gulf of Naples in southern Italy, is the third largest city in Italy with a population of 1.2 million. It is the capital of the Campagna region, an important port and the southern industrial center. The famous tourist resorts of Capri, Ischia and Mount Vesuvius are not far from the city. There are also ruins of ancient cities such as Pompeii and Ercolano.
The Port of Naples is wide and deep and can accommodate giant ships. It is a natural port in Italy. Its passenger traffic ranks first in the country and its cargo volume ranks second after the Port of Genoa.
Rome
The world-famous historical and cultural city of Rome is located in central Italy. It is the capital of Italy and the capital of the Lazio region. It covers an area of ??1,500 square kilometers and has a population of 2.8 million. It is the capital of Italy. largest city.
Rome was founded in 735 BC and has a history of more than 2,700 years. It is the birthplace of ancient Rome. Legend: Prince Troy fled to Italy after his defeat, and his daughter was named Silvia. The king's uncle Amulius forced his niece to become a monk in order to seize the throne. Silvia and Mars gave birth to twin brothers Romulo and Remo. Amulius put them in a wooden basin and floated them down the Tiber River. They were stranded in the Roman area, where they were fed by a wolf and a woodpecker, and later adopted by a herdsman. The two brothers grew up to become local leaders, and later killed Amulius to regain the throne. Romolo and Remo set a boundary, and he wanted to build a city and not allow his brother to enter; Remo refused to listen and crossed into Romolo's territory, and was killed by his brother. Romulus built a city there and named it Rome after himself. So the emblem of Rome is a wolf raising two babies.
Rome is the cradle of Western civilization represented by the European Renaissance. Walking through the streets of Rome is like walking into an exhibition hall of ancient architectural art. The churches, squares, sculptures, and fountains scattered throughout the city make Rome recognized as the Eternal City. Rome has many places of interest with archaeological, cultural and artistic value, such as the Colosseum, known as one of the eight wonders of the world, the ruins of ancient Rome, the Pantheon, Castello di Angel, etc.
There are more than 1,300 fountains of various types throughout the city of Rome. It is said that most of them were built during the Renaissance to celebrate the repair of some water pipes. The most famous of them are the "Trevi Fountain" (also known as the Maiden's Fountain) located in the city center, the "Panasonic Fountain" in the Plaza de Espa?a, the "Poseidon Fountain" and the "Bee Fountain" in Piazza Barbarini, and "Fountain of the Four Rivers" in Piazza Navona.
The most famous squares in Rome are St. Peter's Square and Piazza Venezia. St. Peter's Square was designed and supervised by the architect Bernini. There are two corridors in the square composed of large stone columns. There are 284 columns in the two corridors, and 142 saints with different expressions are erected on the top of the columns. statue. The square is magnificent and a masterpiece in the history of architecture. Piazza Venezia is the largest square in Rome, 130 meters long and 75 meters wide. All major celebrations in Rome are held here, such as the inauguration of the president and the laying of wreaths by foreign heads of state.
There are 610 churches and monasteries in Rome, the most famous of which is St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican, the "state within the city", designed by Michelangelo and others.
The church is splendid both inside and outside; it is 960 feet long, with a vault height of 144 feet, and can accommodate 60,000 people. It is the largest church in the world. In addition, Rome also has the Cathedral of Santa Maria and the Cathedral of St. Paul.
In the late 1930s, the government planned to build a large group of modern buildings in the southern suburbs of the ancient city of Rome, called New Rome. It is now the headquarters of many government departments, social groups and large companies. The tourism industry in Rome is developed, and more than two-thirds of the people are engaged in the tertiary industry.
Turin
The city of Turin, located in the Po River Basin in northwest Italy, is the capital of the Piemonte region, with a population of 1.17 million. It is an important industrial, commercial and cultural center in Italy.
It is a historic city that was once the capital of the Lombardy Kingdom, the capital of the Kingdom of Sardinia, and the capital of the Kingdom of Italy until 1865. Therefore, the city has a large number of monuments, the most famous of which are the medieval Madama Palace. During the Baroco period, many architects designed and built many exquisite buildings for the city, such as the Royal Palace, Valentino Castle, the Royal Villa of Stopibiny, the Superga Town Hall, and the Santa Maria Maggiore. Church, Piazza San Carlo, etc. The Antonelli wooden spire built in the 19th century is still a symbol of the city.
Turin is industrially developed. Fiat, Italy's famous private enterprise, is located in Turin, and the entire city continues to develop under its leadership. The auto show held every year is one of the important exhibitions in the world.
Venice
The city of Venice, located on the Adriatic coast in northern Italy, is the capital of the Veneto region and a world-famous water city. The city is located on 118 small islands in the Venetian Lagoon. 401 large and small bridges connect these islands together, and 177 canals crisscross the city, forming the city's main transportation line.
As a famous tourist attraction, it receives tens of millions of tourists every year. The main places of interest include: St. Mark’s Square and Church, Doge’s Palace, St. Mary’s Church, St. George’s Cathedral, etc. . Take a local characteristic "gondola" boat to shuttle through the water, admire the Gothic-Venetian architecture standing on the waterside, and listen to the artist singing "Santa Lucia", which is a unique pleasure.
Venice’s economy is dominated by tourism and service industries. The carnival every spring attracts so many tourists that it is truly flooded, and there are also spectacles of traffic police directing pedestrian traffic. . The crystal glass making of Venetian Murano is also a very famous traditional industry.
The casino in Venice is one of the three largest legal casinos in Italy.
Historical overview
1. Ancient Roman period
Italy is an ancient civilization with a history of civilization of more than 3,000 years. During the Iron Age around the first millennium BC, the Italian peninsula was inhabited from south to north by Ligurians, Venetian peoples, Etruscans, Umbrians, Latins, Sabine peoples , Msanit, Italian etc.
The capital of Rome
Rome was founded in 735 BC and has a history of more than 2,700 years. It is the birthplace of ancient Rome. Legend: Prince Troy fled to Italy after his defeat, and his daughter was named Silvia. The king's uncle Amulius forced his niece to become a monk in order to seize the throne. Silvia and Mars gave birth to twin brothers Romulo and Remo. Amulius put them in a wooden basin and floated them down the Tiber River. They were stranded near Rome and were fed by a wolf and a woodpecker, and later adopted by a herdsman. The two brothers grew up to become local leaders, and later killed Amulius to regain the throne. Romolo and Remo set a boundary, and he wanted to build a city and not allow his brother to enter; Remo refused to listen and crossed into Romolo's territory, and was killed by his brother. Romulus built a city there and named it Rome after himself. So the emblem of Rome is a wolf raising two babies.
Of course this is just a beautiful legend. But it reflects the influence of ancient Greece on ancient Rome: the Romans believed that they were descendants of the Greeks and descendants of gods.
The Royal Period (735 BC-510 BC)
The royal period of ancient Rome went through seven kings. Romulo was the first king. According to another legend, there were 300 clans in Rome in the early days of the monarchy. Romolo divided every ten clans into a phratry called Curia, and every ten phratry into a tribe. Three such tribes constituted "Rome".
The Council of Curia was the political organization of the Roman people, which discussed and made decisions on major issues, declared war and peace, and elected kings. The king is the military leader. The Senate was composed of the leaders of each clan to assist the king in handling matters.
The Peace Period (510-27 BC)
At the beginning of the sixth century BC, the Romans occupied about 2,000 people in the area around the mouth of the Tiber River south of the current city of Rome. square kilometers of land. The transformation from a kingdom to a republic is not only a change in the system, but also involves profound changes in society and law. In the early days of its consolidation and development, the Romans were involved in conflicts with neighboring countries and peoples. They first conquered the areas north and south of the Tiber River, consolidated their position in Lazio, and then invaded southward against the Musanit people. territory, and finally competed with the Greeks for the Taranto area. By the beginning of the third century BC, the Romans had achieved absolute hegemony on the Italian peninsula, controlling almost the entire Italian peninsula south of Pisa, Florence, and Rimini, with a territory of 130,000 square kilometers.
Punic Wars and Territorial Expansion
From the fifth to the second century BC, the emerging Roman Empire maintained friendly relations with Carthage. Because the Romans were fighting the Greeks on their own land, they needed the support of Carthage, and the latter also wanted to eliminate the Greek influence in Sicily. But the emerging Roman Republic pursued expansionism. In 264 BC, the First Punic War broke out between Rome and Carthage over Sicily, resulting in Rome seizing control of Sicily, Sardinia and Corsica. The Second Punic War broke out in 218 BC and ended in 201 BC. Rome obtained all Carthage's overseas territories, disbanded Carthage's navy and received a large amount of compensation. After the Second Punic War, Rome conquered Greece through the Three Macedonian Wars (215 BC-146 BC), completely destroyed Carthage through the Third Punic War, completed its control of the Eastern Mediterranean, and became the Mediterranean regional power.
Imperial Period (27-476 BC)
In the first century BC, there were many civil wars within the Roman Empire, which ended with Caesar (Cesare) and soldiers led by Ottaviano came to power. On January 13, 27 BC, Octavian took office as head of state and officially announced the end of the peaceful period and the beginning of the imperial period. Octavian continued to expand externally and basically determined its territory: from the Euphrates River in the east, to the Atlantic Ocean in the west, to England and Germany in the north, and to North Africa in the south. The first two centuries of the founding of the People's Republic of China were a relatively peaceful period. In 401 AD, the Visigoths invaded the Roman Empire and briefly captured the city of Rome. In 455 AD, the Vandals invaded the Italian Peninsula from North Africa via Sicily and sacked Rome. In 476, the last emperor was deposed by the barbarian general Odoacer, and the Western Roman Empire was destroyed
2. The Middle Ages and the Renaissance
3. The unification movement of Italy
< p>4. Modern ItalyDaily life customs
Nowadays, people's lives in the country have reached a certain level, and the daily media reports in the Western world are also detailed and multi-faceted. Therefore, compatriots who have the opportunity to study abroad, travel or immigrate rarely have the feeling of "Grandma Liu traveled around the world" to the outside world, let alone any cultural shock. Most compatriots abroad have been exposed to Western etiquette and are mostly confident. As long as they behave naturally and appropriately in front of foreigners, they will not be rude or rude. However, some small actions and habits that have become deeply ingrained and have become long-lasting habits may be done by everyone at home or no one will mind, but they will attract attention or be considered taboo abroad. For this reason, we should do as the locals do. These small sections that should be paid attention to cannot be found in the [International Etiquette] book. It depends on whether the individual can experience and observe them in life.
Shut up when eating, and don’t make any noise when eating or drinking. When eating noodles, roll them up with a fork and put them into your mouth. Don’t make any noise. When talking between meals, wait until there is no more food in your mouth. Otherwise, it is a sign of lack of education. After each dish is finished, just place the knife and fork side by side on the plate to indicate that the dish has been eaten. If there is any leftover, the waiter will remove it.
When friends get together, they usually go to a restaurant to eat together and share the money, unless the other party declares a treat. If Italians invite you to their home for dinner, they are treating you as a guest. Guests can bring wine (generally wine), desserts or souvenir flowers. Italians sit in rows with men and women separated, and husbands and wives are usually separated. The food, wine and desserts brought by the guests are also eaten immediately.
The gifts were also opened on the spot.
Don’t take condiments at the table. If the food is not placed in front of you, ask your neighbor to take it for you. We are used to getting up to pick up the far away food, while Europeans do just the opposite: they bring the whole plate far away in front of them, then take the food and put it on the bowl.
Kissing is a courtesy between close friends. Generally, the two people's faces will be close to each other two or three times, and they will make kissing sounds. In Italy, kissing is also done between two male friends. This is an exception in Western countries. In other countries, kissing is only done between men and women. A handshake is performed when interacting with ordinary friends and as a courtesy.
Do not pick your nose with your fingers in front of others. Most people in China do not take it seriously and it is a subconscious action. In Europe it is a taboo in social situations. Also be careful not to pierce your ears in front of others. Don't make loud noises in public places.
Italy
Italian Culture - Italian Tourism - Italian Business - Italian History
A factory that manufactures "pop".
Italy covers an area of ??301,300 square kilometers, which is about one-thirtieth of our country. Overall, her climate is really good. The winters are mild and the summers are hot, but with the sea around you, the heat becomes a kind of enjoyment.
The capital, Rome, has a population of approximately 2.83 million and is the birthplace of the ancient Roman Empire. From the 8th century onwards, it became a Catholic center. Its largest industrial and commercial city is Milan, and other famous cities include Venice, Florence, Naples, Torino, Genova, Palermo, etc. wait.
The various tourism services in Italy are very complete. Whether it is a group trip or an individual self-guided tour, you can get satisfactory services at various tourist bureaus (EMIT), stations, hotels and numerous information stations. Serve.
Italy has three qualities: many passionate men and women, many statues and ruins, and many Catholic churches. You can feel these qualities whether you are in a prosperous and modern city or a sparsely populated backcountry. Although Italian is the main language, many people still know a little bit of English, and because they often face tourists, Italians can understand or guess your needs even if they don't understand the language.
Cheerful, optimistic, and enthusiastic are the characteristics of the Latin nation, but informality, laziness, and low work efficiency are also their consistent characteristics. Italy has many holidays throughout the year, often for religious reasons. Their daily working hours are not long, roughly from 9 am to 12 am and from 4 pm to 6 pm, but they have a long break at noon. Therefore, whether you are visiting, shopping, or doing business, you must pay special attention to the opening or business hours of each location to avoid delays.
Some people say that the people in Italy are very warm, the weather is a bit hot, the food is delicious, the culture and history are long, and the environment is also chaotic and orderly. This will probably be clear to me after you have been in Italy for a day or so. What are you talking about?
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