The Macedonian Phalanx once conquered the three major ancient civilizations in the world, but why did they finally defeat Rome?

Before the Homeric era, Western countries fought in a disorganized manner, like a swarm of bees, rushing up to fight the enemy. This fighting method made it difficult for the commanders in the army to command. Soldiers come to fight, and when people fight and kill, they will fight when they see their teammates. In such a battle, stampedes are easy to occur, and teammates are accidentally injured from time to time. You are not afraid of opponents who are like gods, but you are afraid of teammates who are like pigs. Before you can defeat the enemy, your own team will be in chaos.

In order to manage the army more effectively, make the army more effective in battle, and more obedient to the commander's command, Alexander the Great of ancient Greece invented and improved the Macedonian Phalanx, although this phalanx is not the first in human history. The most powerful battle formation, but it was an innovation in tactics at the time and had a great impact on European countries.

Let’s first talk about the structure of the Macedonian phalanx. There are 16 people in each column of the phalanx. The horizontal rows will be increased or decreased appropriately according to the needs on the battlefield. Each soldier will be equipped with a 6-meter-long Hair, and a round shield. The soldiers in the first five rows point their long hairs forward, while the soldiers behind them raise their long hairs upward at different levels. If the soldiers in the front row are knocked down, the soldiers in the back will replenish them to maintain the integrity of the formation. There will also be cavalry and infantry on both sides of the phalanx to protect the two wings of the phalanx from being attacked.

Although the Macedonian Phalanx won several major battles when it was first built, its shortcomings were increasingly exposed. The Macedonian Phalanx was very offensive, but its defensive capabilities were weak, and it was very popular to use this phalanx. Terrain restrictions, mountains and depressions will destroy the integrity of the Macedonian phalanx. In the duel with Rome, Alexander the Great died young. Without a better ruler, the country fell apart. This was an important reason for their defeat.