On the artistic features of delacroix.

Delacroix, Eugene de Lacroix (1798 ~ 1863)

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French romantic painter. /kloc-0 was born in Sharon-saint maurice on April 26th, 798, and/kloc-0 died in Paris on August 3rd, 863. He inherited and developed the achievements and traditions of various European art schools since the Renaissance, including Venetian School, Dutch School, P.P. Rubens and J. constable, and deeply influenced later artists, especially Impressionists.

Delacroix was born in a turbulent time. After Napoleon failed to attack Egypt, he returned to France and staged a coup on the 18th of the foggy month. 1804 proclaimed himself emperor and established a bourgeois monarchy. The people fought to the death for freedom, equality and the bourgeoisie that usurped political power. This series of events naturally became a factor that Delacroix sympathized with the revolution and dissatisfied with the bourgeois government in the future.

Delacroix lived in an artistic environment and received all kinds of education since he was a child. His father c delacroix is a lawyer and diplomat. He is the French ambassador to the Netherlands and the Governor of Marseilles. Mother Tuva Auburn's love for music directly influenced Delacroix in his childhood, and music has become an indispensable thing in his life. Among the musicians at that time, he liked F. F. Chopin and G. Rossini best. He has a deep friendship with Chopin, calling Chopin "the model of a real artist I have ever seen".

Delacroix not only respects contemporary progressive artists, but also highly respects ancient masters. He was able to enter the art gate thanks to the help of his uncle J.-H. Rizner. As a student of J.-L. David, Rizner discovered his artistic talent and encouraged him to study in P. Ge Lan's studio of 18 16 Academy of Fine Arts. There he met T. Gregory, the pioneer of romanticism, and was deeply influenced by him. He associates with the historical painter A.-J. Gro and the royalist painter F. Gerald; He reads widely, especially the works of Dante, Shakespeare, Byron and Scott. His illustrations for Goethe's Faust were praised by Goethe. He praised Michelangelo, Titian, Rembrandt, Velazquez, especially Rubens and constable. He had a close friendship with the poet C. Baudelaire and admired the genius of W. A. Mozart. As long as he picks up the brush, his romantic passion erupts like a volcano in the making and gives a loud cry. He is painted like a lion swallowing its prey in one breath, so people call him a "romantic lion".

No one can compare with Rembrandt in the depth and intensity of expressing feelings; In expressing the intensity and momentum of the movement, few people except Rubens reached his touching level; Except Michelangelo, no one has the talent to turn abstract meditation and moral things into artistic images.

Dante's Ship (also known as Dante and Virgil) exhibited in the salon from 65438 to 0822 not only shocked the Paris art world, but also made Delacroix a central figure in the romantic movement. Dante's ship is based on Dante's Divine Comedy, No.65438+No.0, No.8, Hell. In this painting, Delacroix wants to express the contradiction between good and evil through the relationship between the poet Virgil and the devil in hell. On the contrary, those demons who are tortured in hell because of their greed, ambition and enjoyment will even tear at each other for survival; The other side of the contradiction is Virgil, as a representative of kindness and human wisdom, who strongly rejects the survival desire of those evil demons. This contradiction is reinforced by the tense and horrible atmosphere formed by the frightened and angry expressions of the characters on the screen, the depressed environment and the depressed tone. The appearance of this painting caused an uproar in the art world in Paris. At the same time, it also opened up a brand-new road for the French romantic movement. It has the tendency of progress and innovation with its perceptual image, tragic power, true description of human disasters and bold composition.

The brutal rule of the Turkish Sultan in Greece, from 182 1 to 1828, inspired the Greek people's uprising for national independence and liberation, but the answer was a bloody massacre. 1822 the massacre aroused people's sympathy for the Greek people and protests against the invaders. Progressive people in Britain, France, Germany and other countries supported Greece's war of independence and liberation in various ways. The young Delacroix created two oil paintings, The Teos Massacre and Greece on the Ruins of Mesolonkion, to support the Greek people. Among them, The Teos Massacre (1824) depicts the suffering and unyielding of the Greeks with great sympathy. He portrayed the Greeks captured by the brutal Turks as a tragic image of indomitable opposition to slavery. Through the sharp contrast between unarmed Greeks and brutal Turks, people sympathize with the Greek people and protest against the Turkish invaders. This work, full of human misfortunes and disasters, cruelty and arrogance, was immediately attacked by public opinion when it was exhibited in the salon. This work further intensifies the struggle between romanticism and classicism. Although criticized academically, it is loved by progressives, which makes Delacroix a first-class contemporary painter.

Another Greek work, Greece on the Ruins of Mysorongkion, is a tribute to the Greek people who died for the independence and freedom of their motherland. It eulogized the indomitable struggle of the Greeks against the Turkish invaders in Mysorongkion. In this painting, as a symbol of romanticism, the Greek woman standing on the ruins symbolizes the unyielding Greece under the cruel Turkish army. She is the embodiment of the heroic Greece.

Delacroix's love for English painting prompted him to visit Britain in 1825. The bright colors of English painting made him more and more dissatisfied with the incomprehensible lines and poor colors of French academic painting. From constable's paintings, he discovered the green color, atmosphere and sadness of light, and the subtle relationship between light and hue. This influence is evident in 1827' s Death of Saddam Burroughs after he returned to China.

Delacroix likes to choose themes from literary works, especially works by Shakespeare, Goethe, Byron and Scott. For example, The Death of Saddam Burroughs (1827) and karis of Two Fausts were adapted from Byron's poem Faust in the Study (1827), from Goethe's Faust and Hamlet for Shakespeare (65438). This is a colorful and touching romantic masterpiece. The people and animals that fill the picture give people a feeling of boredom and confusion, full of terror, despair and pain everywhere. But all the actions are concentrated on the protagonist Sadana Burroughs, which makes the whole picture still unified and interrelated. Karis of Two Faustians (1855) is based on the history of Venice, and describes the scene that the father, as the governor, decided to exile his son who colluded with the enemy. It depicts the love-hate contradiction between father and son and the struggle between individual and collective through extremely profound psychological contradiction, strong contrast between light and shade and grand composition. Leading the people freely (1830) reflects the revolution of 1830, is an ode to the people's struggle for freedom and rights, and is also one of Delacroix's most romantic works. The painter praised the revolutionary movement in which workers, petty bourgeoisie and intellectuals participated freely and enthusiastically. In the way of expression, metaphor is boldly combined with reality, and the female image with tricolor flag as the symbol of the god of freedom highlights the characteristics of romanticism here. This combination of romantic factors and the surrounding realistic environment makes romanticism and realism organically integrated. The theme of freedom, strong passion, contrast of color and light, bold and unrestrained brushwork-these are the success of this painting.

Dissatisfied with the reality, in order to escape from the bustling Paris, Delacroix went to Morocco and Algeria with Count C.de monell, Ambassador of King Louis Philippe of France to Sudan, on 1832. This trip seems to be the dividing line of Delacroix's creation. All his previous works were centered around the romantic themes and images that can be used as his creative characteristics, namely, historical events in ancient and medieval times, literary works, myths and religious themes, and scenes of oriental life. Since then, many works have become more and more beautiful because they are divorced from life. As a result of this trip, The Woman in Algiers (1834) is a complex and beautiful work, which is composed of coordinated and interlaced colors. Another painting, The Wedding of Jews in Morocco (1839), shows the wedding ceremony held according to the ancient tradition, and the painter focuses on the quiet atmosphere. Delacroix loves dynamic themes and likes to show the infinite energy of wild animals. He always paints animals so vividly, such as hunting tigers (1854) and lions (1855). Because of his dissatisfaction with the bourgeois reality at that time, Delacroix devoted almost all his energy to historical paintings. His historical paintings are different from those of academic classicism, because they give a new explanation of historical events, express people's enthusiasm and bold poetic thoughts. The Battle of Tayeburg (1837) and Crusader into Constantinople (1840) are such works full of tragic atmosphere and drama, and they are magnificent symphonies integrating history, philosophy, religion and people's sufferings.

Although Delacroix was not a portrait painter, he painted some excellent portraits. Except for the self-portrait (about 1837), Chopin's portrait (1838) and George Thornton's portrait (1838) are masterpieces that vividly and accurately capture the mental outlook of the subject.

After 1833, Delacroix was successively a member of the House of Representatives of Bourbon Palace (1833 ~ 1838), the Bourbon Palace Library (1847), the Luxembourg Palace Library (1846) and St. Sulpice's Church (.

1August 863 13, the great master died in his apartment in the first Berg Square. His estate manager found more than 9,000 of his works in his studio, including 853 oil paintings, 65,438+0,525 pastels and watercolors, 6,629 sketches, 24 etchings, 65,438+0,09 lithographs and 60 sketches, as well as design thinking maps, memory paintings and works of ancient masters. Delacroix liberated art from the shackles of academic classicism. His creation is characterized by the theme of people's struggle for freedom, tragic strength, bold composition and gorgeous colors, and emphasis on the portrayal of characters' emotions. Being divorced from life and immersed in the world of abstraction and fantasy, he embarked on the road of subjectivism in his later years, which showed that the aesthetic tendency in his later works was stronger than that in his early years.

(the introduction is over.