Ding Yang (1) song after zero? What do Wen Tianxiang's ancient poems mean?

After a hard battle, Hugo was surrounded by stars.

The mountains and rivers are broken, the clouds are surging, and life experiences are ups and downs.

The beach of fear ⑥ The head says fear, and there is a sigh in the ocean.

Since ancient times, no one has died in life, so we should keep an open mind and take care of our history.

Note ① Lingdingyang: Outside the Pearl River Estuary in Guangdong Province.

② From the beginning: that is, from the imperial examination. In the ancient imperial examination, everyone had to take a Confucian classic that he had specially studied.

(3) Sparse fighting, surrounded by stars: fighting, two ancient weapons, extended to war. Sparse. Four stars, the fourth anniversary. In ancient times, the earth circled the sun once a year, which was called "Zhou Xing". Here, Wen Tianxiang fought intermittently for four years from fighting Yuan to being defeated and captured.

(4) Drifting with the wind: Describe the situation in the Southern Song Dynasty as catkins drifting with the wind.

⑤ ups and downs of life experience: refers to the ups and downs of life experience like raindrops hitting duckweeds.

⑥ Fear Beach: In today's wanan county, Jiangxi, the rapids are dangerous, and it is one of the eighteen beaches in Ganjiang. 1277, Wen Tianxiang was defeated by the Yuan Army in Jiangxi, with heavy casualties, and his wife and children were also captured by the Yuan Army. He retreated to Fujian via Fear Beach. This sentence was a frightening memory at that time.

⑦ Zero Ding: that is, "alone", lonely and helpless.

Dan Xin: A pure heart, a sincere heart.

9. Shining history: Shining history. Historical history, in ancient times, bamboo pieces were used to record. First, bamboo is baked with fire to dry the water (bamboo sweat), which can prevent moths. This process was called "the history of history" and was later used to refer to history books.

Explain, recall that it was a hard journey from the imperial examination to the official career, and now it has lasted for four years in successive wars. The country is in peril like catkins in a strong wind, and its own life is turbulent like duckweed in a shower. Fear of the fiasco on the beach still haunts me. Being trapped in Yuan Lu, I can only lament my loneliness. Since ancient times, whoever can live forever just wants to leave a patriotic heart in history to reflect.

Wen Tianxiang was defeated and captured in December of the first year of Xiangxing (1278). In January of the following year, the Yuan Army left the Pearl River Estuary and attacked the last stronghold of the Southern Song Dynasty (in Nanhai, Xinhui, Guangdong). Wen Tianxiang, escorted by his peers, wrote this poem when crossing Ding Yang, determined to die for his country. Zhang Hongfan, commander-in-chief of the Yuan Army at that time, forced Wen Tianxiang to hand over Zhang Shijie, a persistent general of the Southern Song Dynasty. Wen Tianxiang sternly refused, saying, "I can't save my parents, but I teach people to carry their parents behind their backs. So what?" And show this poem to Qing Xiu. Zhang Hongfan saw that the meaning of the poem was firm, but he called it "a good man! Good poem! " I can't insist. "

The first two sentences of this poem review the main experiences of a person's life. Generally speaking, it is two major events. First, he was selected by the emperor and entered the official career through the imperial examination. Second, when the Yuan army invaded and the Song Dynasty was in peril, in response to the call of the imperial court "diligent king", in the first month of 1275, all the property was used to pay for military expenses and fought against Yuan, and they spent four years in frequent battles. In these four years, he worked hard to save him from danger and struggled to support him, but the situation became more and more dangerous. At this time, most of the southern song dynasty had fallen into the hands of the enemy, and he was defeated and captured. Seeing that the general trend has gone, the poet can't help feeling sad. So the next two sentences will further express the sadness of the country's demise. The land was ravaged by the Yuan army, the mountains and rivers were broken, and the Southern Song Dynasty was in jeopardy. As for Wen Tianxiang himself, it was also a bumpy life. At the beginning, he was repeatedly dismissed for disobeying powerful people; After fighting with Yuan, he was defeated and fought repeatedly, once detained, twice captured and attempted suicide several times. Now, the soldiers have all died, and their relatives have been captured by the Yuan Army. They are alone, trapped in the enemy, like duckweeds beaten by wind and rain, without support. These two sentences describe the national conditions and life experiences in a metaphorical way, with vivid images, particularly deep and painful feelings and great artistry. The latter two sentences are supplements to the former two sentences, which are devoted to summing up one's anti-Yuan experience and expressing one's anxiety and anger. The first sentence is to remember the past. "Expressing fear" means that you are worried. The last sentence is lamenting that he was unfortunately defeated, was captured alone, and drifted in the ocean, feeling deeply lonely. In these two sentences, the past experience and today's scene are intertwined, which makes the poet have mixed feelings. In the last two sentences, the mood changed from grief to passion, from depression to loudness, which showed the poet's determination to sacrifice his life for righteousness and fully reflected his national integrity. The whole poem also became a masterpiece because of the ending of these two sentences, and it will never be sung again.

The reason why this poem has been handed down through the ages lies not in artistic skills, but in the lofty integrity, tragic artistic conception and sacrifice spirit expressed in the poem.