Joke Collection Website - Mood Talk - Let's talk about the current hot international conflicts.
Let's talk about the current hot international conflicts.
It is of positive significance for regional countries to intervene in solving hot issues in the Middle East. Although it can't be said that it works, it can improve the atmosphere and reduce the probability of violent conflicts. In late May this year, with the mediation of Qatar and the Arab League, Lebanese factions finally agreed to let Suleiman become president, which solved the vacancy of Lebanese head of state that had been delayed for about half a year, which was a highlight. At present, the Palestinian-Israeli ceasefire agreement has expired and the conflict has resumed. Abbas has gone to Cairo and invited Egypt to mediate again with a view to extending the agreement, which also reflects this tendency of countries in the Middle East.
(a) Russia-Georgia conflict
Since taking office, Georgian President Saakashvili has actively pursued the policy of integrating into the West and joining NATO, which has received strong support from the United States. However, South Ossetia and Abkhazia, which demanded independence, became a big obstacle on their way to "enter the treaty", and their independent demands were strongly supported by Russia in secret. After Kosovo declared independence in February 2008, Russia began to openly support the independence movement between the two places. On the one hand, Georgia resolutely opposes this, on the other hand, it actively seeks international support, especially the support of the United States, and conducts joint military exercises with the United States and other countries.
After entering July, the situation in South Ossetia and Georgia-Russia relations suddenly became tense. On July 10, the Russian Foreign Ministry issued a statement saying that Russia had received information that Georgian troops might invade South Ossetia on the grounds of rescuing detained soldiers. In order to find out the situation, Russian planes flew briefly in the airspace of South Ossetia. Foreign Minister Tkeshelashvili said that the Russian Foreign Ministry's statement was tantamount to admitting that Russian warplanes violated Georgian airspace. This is contempt for Georgia's sovereignty. Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov said on the same day that Georgia's decision to join NATO would lead to the conflict between Georgia and Abkhazia and South Ossetia "completely unsolvable". In order to prevent the conflict from happening again, Georgia must immediately sign an agreement with these two places and promise to renounce the use of force.
At the beginning of August, the situation in South Ossetia escalated from tension to serious conflict. Georgian and South Ossetian armed men exchanged fire from time to time, and both sides accused each other of firing first. In order to ease tensions, Georgia proposed direct dialogue with the South Ossetian authorities, while Russia advocated holding negotiations within the framework of the Mixed Monitoring Committee to resolve the conflict in South Ossetia. On August 7, Georgian and Russian representatives met in Tbilisi on the negotiation mode, but failed to reach an agreement. Georgian President Saakashvili issued a unilateral ceasefire order on the same day, reiterating that South Ossetia was allowed to enjoy "unlimited" autonomy and inviting Russia as a guarantor. This is just Saakashvili's "empty shot". On August 8, Georgian troops suddenly surrounded Tskhinvali, the capital of South Ossetia, in an attempt to take the city by lightning. Unexpectedly, Russia was ready, and an armored unit of the Russian 58 th Army quickly arrived in Tskhinvali. On August 9, the commander-in-chief of the Russian army, Burtilev, ordered the group army and aviation to achieve a ceasefire through fire suppression in the peacekeeping mission area.
In response to this conflict, both Russia and Georgia insist that they are justified. Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin said that Russia's actions have absolute legal basis and are legal and necessary. According to the current international agreements, Russia not only has to perform peacekeeping functions, but also has the obligation to protect the other party if one party violates the ceasefire agreement. Russian Permanent Representative to the United Nations Churkin told the press that all Russia's actions are within the scope of the peacekeeping mission, and its scope is limited to South Ossetia. On August 10, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev said that those who committed crimes against civilians in South Ossetia will be punished, including criminal responsibility. He will order the military procuratorate to file an investigation into related crimes. In the face of Russian accusations, Georgia showed no weakness. Georgian President Saakashvili announced on the 9th that due to Russia's invasion of Georgia, he ordered the whole country to enter a "wartime state" and mobilized reserve soldiers. Lomaya, secretary of the National Security Council of Georgia, later said that the Georgian parliament unanimously passed the order signed by Saakashvili on the same day, announcing that the whole country entered a state of martial law for a period of 15 days.
On August 10, Russian troops controlled most of Tskhinvali and fought fiercely with Georgian troops in the suburbs. Nogovitsyn, deputy chief of staff of the Russian army, said that while Georgian troops were constantly withdrawing from urban areas, they began to mobilize reserve troops. The Russian Air Force will attack the second echelon of the Georgian army, but will not attack Georgian non-military facilities and cities. The headquarters of Russian peacekeeping forces in South Ossetia announced that Georgian troops had sent 7,400 soldiers, more than 65,438,000 tanks and an unknown number of artillery pieces. However, Russia's attack area is not limited to South Ossetia, but includes several military and strategic locations in Georgia, with the intention of paralyzing Georgia's war capability in one fell swoop. For example, Russian troops raided and took control of Senaki, an important military base along the Black Sea, and Gori, a strategic town in the heart of Georgia. Georgia's first infantry brigade command, artillery command, tank battalion and air force command for attacking South Ossetia are all located here. At this point, the Georgian army was completely passive. As Saakashvili exclaimed, his country was "split in two by lightning"!
The international community is highly concerned about the conflict between Georgia and Russia in South Ossetia. From August 7th to 10, the UN Security Council held four consecutive meetings to discuss the situation in South Ossetia and the draft statement drafted by Russia. The draft expresses serious concern about the escalation of armed conflict between Georgian troops and South Ossetian militants, and calls on both sides to immediately stop the bloody conflict and give up the use of force. Because the United States and other countries did not agree to the use of words such as "renouncing the use of force", the Security Council finally failed to adopt this draft statement. On June 5438+0 1, the foreign ministers of France and Finland went to Georgia and Russia to mediate. Just a few minutes before Sarkozy arrived in Moscow, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev announced the suspension of military operations and put forward six suggestions for a temporary ceasefire: not seeking to use force; Complete cessation of all military operations; Allow free passage of humanitarian assistance; Return of Georgian troops to their permanent deployment sites; Russian troops withdraw to the border before military operations begin, and Russian peacekeeping forces can take supplementary security measures before the establishment of international mechanisms; The international community began to discuss the future status of South Ossetia and Abkhazia and ways to ensure their lasting security. Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin also said that Georgia has "completely lost" its jurisdiction over South Ossetia and Abkhazia. Russian Foreign Minister Lavrov said that the "suspension of military operations" is conditional, that is, the Georgian president must step down, the Georgian army should "best" stay away from South Ossetia, and a buffer zone should be established between Georgia and South Ossetia. Unable to fight any more, the Georgian government was forced to cease fire on August 1 1. Saakashvili delivered a televised speech to the people, expressing his willingness to make every effort to solve the crisis in South Ossetia as soon as possible. Russia exchanged telephone calls for a long time to discuss the situation in South Ossetia. Foreign Minister Tkeshelashvili promised to find out the situation quickly and expressed his understanding of Russia's position. On August 13, the Georgian government agreed to accept the six-point proposal of temporary ceasefire put forward by Russia, and the conflict in South Ossetia was temporarily subsided.
This serious armed conflict between Russia and Georgia caused a large number of casualties and refugees. On August 20th, Targamadze, Chairman of the National Defense and Security Committee of the Georgian Parliament, said that 2 15 people were killed (146 policemen and 69 civilians), 1469 people were injured (1408 policemen and 6/kloc-0 civilians) and 70 soldiers were missing. Nogovitsyn, deputy chief of staff of Japan and Russia, said that 64 Russian soldiers were killed, 323 were injured and no one was missing. The local authorities in South Ossetia claimed that 2,000 civilians were killed and 34,000 refugees fled as a result of Georgia's military operations.
This conflict is a sudden demonstration of Russia's military strength to the world many years after the end of the Chechen war. After the Georgian army invaded South Ossetia, the Russian army responded with "blitzkrieg", quickly mobilized 20,000 soldiers and 500 tanks, sent Su -25, Su -24, Su -27 and Tu -22 fighter-bombers to participate in the war, quickly defeated the Georgian army at a very small cost, and advanced to a place only 45 kilometers away from Tbilisi, the capital of Georgia. At this time, western countries can't even unify their positions. After many years of withdrawing from the stage of world military conflict, this conflict shows that the returning Russian army is still strong and daunting, and it has an absolute advantage compared with the armies of neighboring small and medium-sized countries. At the same time, this conflict may also be a test of the achievements of Russian military reform in recent years. From the effect point of view, the Russian army obviously learned the lessons from the Chechen war in this conflict, and adopted the methods of concealment in advance, rapid assault and joint attack by multiple arms and services, which defeated the Georgian army in one fell swoop and controlled its strategic location, thus better controlling the initiative, suddenness and casualty level of the campaign. However, the size of 20,000 Russian troops and 500 tanks also seems to indicate that Russian troops may still lack enough precision-guided weapons to carry out long-range precision strikes against Georgian troops. In addition, the shooting down of several Russian planes, including a Tu -22 long-range bomber, also shows that the Russian army failed to quickly destroy Georgia's air defense system. It is not clear how this failure was caused, which may be related to the lack of relevant reconnaissance equipment in Russia. Despite some defects, the emergence of the Russian army is basically successful. However, war has always been the mother of reform. It is believed that the Russian army will take this conflict as an opportunity to sum up experience and lessons and continue to advance its modernization reform process.
(2) Israel-Palestine conflict
In 2007, fierce clashes broke out between Palestinians and Israelis and between Hamas and Fatah within Palestine, resulting in 625 deaths. On the Palestinian side, 23/kloc-0 people died in the conflict between Hamas and Fatah, and 382 people died in Israeli attacks. On the Israeli side, five civilians and six soldiers were killed in Palestinian attacks. In June 2007, as Hamas seized control of the Gaza Strip, Pakistani President Abbas dissolved the national unity government led by Hamas and set up a transitional government of his own. Israel put pressure on Hamas by blocking the Gaza.
12 12 after nearly seven years of interruption, Israeli-Palestinian negotiators officially started the first consultation of a new round of peace talks. The peace talks were full of gunpowder from the beginning and ended without results. There are fundamental differences between Palestine and Israel on the issue of the "two-state" plan. Israel insists on not allowing Palestinian refugees to return, and if Abbas makes concessions on this issue, not only a large number of Palestinian refugees will not accept it, but Hamas also has every reason to accuse Abbas and Fatah of betraying Palestinian interests. Therefore, Pakistan will never accept the statement that "Israel is a Jewish state", but is willing to admit that Israel is a country where Jews and other ethnic groups live together. Under the state that Palestine is divided into two entities, this problem will not be solved, because it is very difficult for Abbas to successfully control the overall situation in the near future, or even prevent Hamas armed forces from launching rockets from Gaza to Israel. Israel believes that it is unacceptable to establish a Palestinian state that cannot ensure Israel's security. By February 24, 2008, the two sides only reached an agreement on some non-core issues such as water resources distribution, environmental protection and economic development.
A major feature of the Israeli-Palestinian situation is to talk and fight, talk and fight. This time is no exception. On the day before the start of the new round of peace talks, Israeli troops entered Gaza, killing 6 people and taking 60 people away. From June 5438 to February 2007, the Palestinians and Israelis held two rounds of negotiations, during which the Israeli army invaded or bombed the Gaza several times, killing dozens of Palestinian militants. Under the strong pressure of the Israeli army, Hamas retaliated by firing rockets at Israel, and sent a cease-fire signal on the other hand, which was rejected by Israel. In June 5438+1October, 2008, the Israeli army not only continued to carry out targeted clearance operations, but also ordered a total blockade of the Gaza Strip in June 5438+1October 65438+July to retaliate against Palestinian militants for firing rockets at Israel. Gaza quickly plunged into a humanitarian crisis. Hamas was forced to release more signs of detente, including claiming that it was prepared to consider a ceasefire and was willing to start negotiations with Fatah, and so on. But these signals didn't work. Israel continues to blockade the Gaza and launch military strikes, while Abbas talks on the premise that Hamas will hand over control of Gaza. Although Abbas later agreed to hold talks, the talks never achieved substantive results. In March, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict escalated again. At the end of February and the beginning of March, the Israeli army launched a military operation codenamed "Hot Winter", which killed at least 1 16 Palestinians. On March 2, Abbas announced the suspension of peace talks to protest the Israeli military strike. On the evening of March 6, a Palestinian militant shot and killed eight Jewish students in a Jewish religious school in Jerusalem, injuring 1 1. Subsequently, Hamas claimed responsibility for the case. This is the most serious terrorist attack in the past two years, and it is also the product of the escalating Palestinian-Israeli conflict in the past two months. Subsequently, Israel retaliated by attacking Gaza twice on 8th and 13.
This round of armed conflict between Israel and Hamas didn't stop until June 2008, * * * caused more than 350 Palestinians and 2 1 Israeli deaths. 19 In June, Israeli and Palestinian armed factions, including Hamas, reached a six-month ceasefire agreement. According to the ceasefire agreement, Palestinian militants stopped firing rockets from Gaza to Israel, and Israel stopped launching military strikes in Gaza. In addition, three days after the cease-fire, Israel will begin to relax the blockade of the Gaza Strip and allow some materials to be transported into the Gaza Strip; A week later, Israel will further relax the blockade. In the final stage, the two sides will start negotiations on reopening the Rafah crossing on the Palestinian-Egyptian border and releasing the Israeli soldier Shah Park Jung Su who has been detained by Hamas for two years. Since then, the situation in Gaza has remained basically calm. At present, Hamas can strictly abide by the ceasefire agreement. On July 12, Hamas arrested seven members of the Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade who fired rockets at Israel. Hamas official Zuhri said: "We emphasize that all parties must abide by the agreement unanimously adopted by the whole country."
Facts have proved that the Israeli attack and blockade on Gaza did not bring down Hamas. On the contrary, it has made Gaza people hate Israel more and more, promoted Hamas to a favorable position of "getting help from the Tao" and put Israel in a passive position of "getting help from the Tao" internationally. At the same time, the opposition in Israel is getting stronger and stronger, which is also an important reason why the Olmert government agreed to cease fire with Hamas.
However, neither the international community nor the Palestinians and Israelis are optimistic about this temporary ceasefire agreement. In fact, both sides actually have their own plans to accept the ceasefire. Hamas hopes to lift the Israeli blockade of Gaza, alleviate the serious humanitarian crisis there and reorganize its armed forces. Israel hopes to protect southern Israel from attacks through a ceasefire. Although a ceasefire may give Hamas some legitimacy and weaken Abbas's position, relatively speaking, taking large-scale military action against Gaza is more harmful and has a more serious impact on the Israeli-Palestinian peace process.
After the implementation of the ceasefire agreement, Israel and Palestine resumed the peace talks process. On July 22nd, Israeli President Peres held talks with visiting Abbas to discuss the Palestinian-Israeli peace process and other issues. Although the details of the talks were not announced, Erekat, a senior Palestinian negotiator, said before the talks that Abbas would ask Perez to help stop the expansion of Jewish settlements in the West Bank. On August 6th, Abbas and Olmert met in Jerusalem. However, Olmert has announced that he will not take part in the presidential election of Kadima Party scheduled for September 17, and will resign immediately after the new chairman is elected. This decision casts a shadow over the prospects of peace talks, and it is extremely uncertain whether the two sides can reach an agreement before the end of the year. Although Olmert said that as long as he is still in the position of prime minister, he will continue to work hard to achieve Israeli-Palestinian peace, from the Palestinian side, the outgoing Olmert is like a lame duck. In fact, the Palestinian side has begun to prepare for dealing with Israeli leaders after Olmert.
(Xu Jin, Assistant Research Fellow, Institute of World Economics and Politics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. His main research fields are international relations theory and international strategic issues. )
In 2009, terrorism will remain the biggest hidden danger to international security. As the focus of the U.S.-New Zealand government's war on terrorism moves eastward to Afghanistan, pushing the terrorist's lair, Al Qaeda, the Taliban and Pakistani pro-Taliban elements are bound to take the opportunity to fight back and launch attacks on the United States and pro-American political forces. They may also lead the explosion to the world. Recently, Al-Qaeda's No.2 has made a high-profile appearance to warn Obama and called on the Islamic world to launch a new round of "jihad".
Eliminating terrorism is one of the most urgent tasks of global governance, and it is necessary to treat both the symptoms and the root causes. It is necessary to strengthen the crackdown and strive to purify the social environment that breeds terrorism; Replace confrontation with dialogue, conflict with cooperation, power and violence with peace and democracy, and solve domestic and foreign contradictions in the process of globalization fairly and justly.
Regional conflicts: one after another
15 years 10 months 15 days, a Palestinian woman cried outside Shifa hospital in Gaza city.
In 2008, regional conflicts increased significantly, with 13 33 more than in 2007. Almost all hot issues are heating up. In the Middle East, the new hatred between Palestine and Israel has triggered a new round of conflict. In order to completely destroy Hamas, at the end of 2008, the Israeli army launched the largest attack on Gaza since the Third Middle East War in 1967. In the Caucasus, Russia and Georgia are fighting fiercely, and NATO almost got involved in the conflict. In South Asia, in July, 2008, Indian and Pakistani troops broke out in the area of the Line of Control in Kashmir, the most intense conflict in the past five years. 165438+ 10 In June, the Mumbai incident led to a sharp deterioration of India-Pakistan relations, and the peace process that lasted for four years was interrupted again, causing concern in the surrounding areas and even the entire international community.
2009 will still be an eventful year. At the beginning of the new year, the Palestinian-Israeli conflict continued to escalate, and the mediation of all parties had little effect. Hamas vowed to keep Jews awake. The situation in the Middle East is still unable to get out of the strange circle of "fighting violence with violence". In South Asia, the situation in India and Pakistan is still tense, and the possibility that India wants to punish Pakistan through the Mumbai incident continues to exist. In addition, the situation in Sri Lanka is deteriorating. On the second day of the new year, the government forces captured the base camp of the rebel Tamil Tigers, and there was little hope of comprehensive peace. Eastern Europe is not calm either. On the first day of the new year, Russia announced that it would completely cut off the natural gas supply to Ukraine. The "grievances" between the two countries affected the political nerves in Europe.
Nuclear non-proliferation: not optimistic
On June 5438+065438+1October 12, 2008, Iranian media quoted Iranian Defense Minister nagar as saying that Iran had successfully test-fired a new generation of ground-to-ground solid fuel missiles with a range of 2,000 kilometers. This is a picture of the missile when it was launched.
In recent years, the situation of nuclear weapons proliferation is grim. India, Pakistan and Israel have become de facto nuclear-weapon States, but they have not yet joined the nuclear non-proliferation regime; North Korea conducted a nuclear test and Iran is accelerating the development of nuclear technology. With the increasing importance of nuclear energy in energy utilization, there is an increasing demand for non-nuclear countries to master nuclear technology and develop nuclear energy, which may further increase the number of countries mastering enriched uranium and nuclear fuel recovery technology and increase the possibility of accelerated proliferation of nuclear technology. In addition, the problem of nuclear proliferation by non-state actors has become increasingly prominent, and the opportunities for nuclear scientists and smugglers, transnational corporations and terrorists to participate in nuclear proliferation have increased.
In 2008, the non-proliferation process was at a standstill. North Korea's nuclear abandonment process has stopped and stopped, and the Iranian nuclear issue is struggling. Iran is playing the edge ball under the international legal framework, and the international community has no choice.
In 2009, regional non-proliferation remained the focus of international attention. The new president of the United States may take a moderate stance on this issue, but the prospects of the Iranian nuclear issue and the DPRK nuclear issue should not be too optimistic. Now, more and more people are more worried about the development of the nuclear situation in South Asia. If India and Pakistan can't exercise restraint in the investigation of the terrorist attacks in Mumbai, it will set a precedent for conflicts between nuclear-armed countries. In addition, if one party fails to control nuclear weapons and materials, it may give terrorists an opportunity and lead to disastrous consequences.
Climate change: surging warm current
65438+February 9, 2008 Iceman "Petition" 65438+On February 9, 2008, in Poznan, the western Polish city, a delegate attending the United Nations Climate Change Conference looked at the humanoid ice sculpture standing next to the entrance of the venue. These ice sculptures are embedded with slogans, calling on people to stop destroying the world environment and devote themselves to environmental protection.
2008 is the tenth hottest year since 1850 has meteorological records. According to the statistics of the World Meteorological Organization, the hottest years than 2008 were all concentrated in the past 12 years, which once again proved the trend of global warming.
In 2008, regional or global conferences paid more attention to climate issues. The European Parliament approved the EU's energy and climate package, clearing the last obstacle for it to achieve the "three 20%" goals in 2020. Boao Forum for Asia discusses climate change trends and sustainable development. The G8 Summit held in Toyako, Japan, proposed to halve global greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 as a long-term goal of world emission reduction. The United Nations Climate Conference held in Poznan, Poland, discussed the new international climate change convention.
In 2009, climate change will remain an important focus of international attention. In June, the subsidiary body meeting of UNFCCC Parties will be held in Bonn, Germany, and the Copenhagen Climate Change Conference in June, 5438+February will reach a new agreement to deal with climate change after 20 12. It can be predicted that this year, the debate among countries on emission reduction standards and international climate discourse rights will become more intense, and it remains to be seen whether the United Nations Climate Conference can achieve the expected results.
Piracy is rampant: adding new chaos
On June165438+1October 19, 2008, the Saudi Arabian giant oil tanker Sirius, hijacked by pirates, docked at the northeast coast of Somalia. On the same day, UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon issued a statement through a spokesman, expressing concern about the increasingly rampant piracy in the waters off Somalia and calling on the international community to coordinate its actions and intensify its crackdown. Xinhua News Agency/AFP
International pirates have been fearless in recent years. In 2008, the number of pirate hijackings tripled compared with the previous year, and Somali pirates topped the list, robbing 135 ships and kidnapping more than 600 crew members. At present, about 20 ships and 200 to 300 crew members are still in the hands of pirates. There are also two worrying new trends: pirates are reaching out to further waters; Some pirates also join hands with terrorists to help others.
In 2009, solving the piracy problem continued to be the focus of international attention. After the Security Council adopted resolution 185 1, up to now, more than 10 countries have sent warships to Somali waters. Under the framework of the United Nations and with the consent of the Somali authorities, the China Navy also began to carry out escort missions.
Piracy is rampant, which seriously threatens normal international trade and must be resolutely cracked down. However, military action alone is not enough to solve the problem. To eradicate it completely, comprehensive management is needed. It is necessary to maintain the stability of countries around the relevant sea areas, promote local education and economic and social development, and eliminate poverty and backwardness.
/international/txt/2009-0 1/25/content _ 17 183532 _ 2 . htm
- Previous article:Go home for dinner.
- Next article:Idiom of defective products What is the idiom of defective products?
- Related articles
- 75 sad personalized signatures on WeChat that make people feel heartbroken
- A sentence wishing health and safety
- Couples don't rely on their parents' circle of friends. How can they make money to buy a car?
- Signature about love: You don't know how thin and cool people are without any injury.
- Talk about temperament and let yourself be domineering.
- The meaning of the lyrics of Lollipop¡¯s Talk
- How to deal with my husband's love to eat barbecue and drink beer outside at night
- Introduction of America [people]
- What are you going to do after retirement?
- What do you most want to say to your child?