Chinese Compulsory Course Three Teachers' Comments [Appreciation of the ancient Chinese text "The Master's Theory" in Three Compulsory Chinese Courses]

"Shi Shuo" has lofty intentions, powerful momentum, sophisticated language, and powerful arguments. It fully embodies the vivid connotation of the artistic beauty of prose and is worthy of students' study, appreciation and reference. The following is the required Chinese course that I bring to you. 3 Appreciation of the ancient text "Shi Shuo", I hope it will be helpful to you. Appreciation of the ancient Chinese text "Shi Shuo"

(1) Various argumentation methods

Ancient Chinese prose, especially before the Tang Dynasty, was not good at argument. People who were eloquent and eloquent, such as Mencius and Xunzi, always used metaphors and fables to help reason in their argumentative articles. In contrast, Han Yu's essay greatly surpassed his predecessors in logical thinking. The highlights are as follows:

1. Rigorous argumentation and clear concepts. For example, at the beginning of the article, it is asserted that "the ancient scholars must have a teacher", and then explains what kind of teacher the scholar is: "A teacher is the one who preaches, accepts karma and resolves doubts." ?Then it is logically necessary to explain where to find such a teacher: ?Where the Tao exists, there is also a teacher. In this way, one link is closely linked to the other, each link is connected, and it is coherent and has strong persuasive power. Another example is that the author puts forward the argument that "scholars must have teachers", and adds the word "ancient" in front to include the arguments, but does not make an argument in this paragraph. In the second paragraph, it is pointed out that "the ancient saints followed their teachers and asked questions", and the fourth Duan narrates specific examples of the great sage Confucius’s discipleship. Since the ancient sages still had their teachers, it is self-evident that the ancient scholars must have their teachers. It can be seen that the author's argument is thorough and rigorous, and it is really seamless and watertight. The concept is clear. The author defines a teacher at the beginning: "Teacher" means one who preaches, learns and solves doubts. In the second paragraph, it is stated that "the teacher of the boy, the reader who teaches the book and learns its sentences, is not what I call" He who teaches his way and solves his doubts is also a person. This clarifies the two easily confused concepts of "teacher of sentence reading" and "teacher of solving doubts", which effectively refutes the sophistry of scholar-bureaucrats.

2. Comparative argument and strict logic. The second paragraph of this article is the most wonderful, which is directly related to the appropriate use of contrastive argumentation methods. The three sets of comparisons used in this paragraph have a unique feature, that is, the comparison between the two sides creates a strong contrasting effect. They can all be used to carry on the above, forming a reverse sequence in semantics. . For example, the ancient sages had high intelligence and yet still learned from their teachers; but today's people have low intelligence and are ashamed to learn from their teachers. Through comparison, it is revealed that the scholar-bureaucrats' failure to learn from teachers is contrary to common sense. The author's view of learning from teachers is correct. What is also valuable about this comparison is that the author uses a variety of logical reasoning methods. To refute the idea of ??"learning from a teacher", the author uses the method of causal reasoning and points out that if a saint follows a teacher, the result will be "sage benefit"; if today's people do not follow the teacher, the result will be "fools benefit from fools". From the pros and cons of the result, we can infer the pros and cons of the cause. To refute the "shame on one's own teacher", one first uses the method of clear concepts to refute the sophistry of the scholar-bureaucrats, and then uses the method of gain and loss reasoning to point out that they attach great importance to the teacher of children and underestimate their own teacher. confused behavior. To refute the "shame physiognomist", the logical principle of the law of contradiction is even more used, which profoundly exposes the absurdity of the scholar-officials' views.

3. Citations and arguments, all the facts are complete. Quotation is a commonly used argument method in argumentative essays, and it is also the most common in current academic papers. In the third paragraph of this article, the author quotes the words and deeds of Confucius to further clarify his point of view, which is more practical and credible than the previous article generally speaking of "ancient saints". Having such a strong supporter as Confucius further enhanced his persuasiveness. In just a few lines, there are both examples of Confucius's discipleship and the principles explained by Confucius. The language is not only concise and clear, but also very convincing.

(2) Personalized language characteristics

Han Yu’s prose is known for its vigorous and vigorous writing. This style of his has also been fully utilized in this article. reflect. This aspect is reflected in the sentence structure. Han Yu mostly uses parallel sentences, couplets and couplets in his writing. For example, who was born before me, and who was born after me; the saints of ancient times, and all the people of today. The use of this sentence structure has neat form and flying momentum, which enhances the expressive power. Lianzhu, also known as thimble and continuous couplets, is commonly known as "biting characters" among the people, that is, using the ending word of the previous sentence as the beginning of the next sentence, connecting the beginning and the end, "as clear as a string of beads". There are many sentence patterns like this in this article, such as the first few sentences: "The ancient scholars must have teachers." A teacher is the one who preaches the truth, receives karma and resolves doubts.

People are not born with knowledge, how can they be free from confusion? The use of this sentence pattern strengthens the connection between sentences and makes the discussion interlocking and tight. On the other hand, it is reflected in the tone of writing. Rich tone expression can enhance the vividness of the article. This article is quite successful in this regard. For example, you can use modal particles such as "嗟HU" and "woohoo" to strengthen the exclamation, use "that is similar to that year, and the way is similar". Such descriptive sentences vividly describe the demeanor of the "scholar-bureaucrats", and use "such". That’s all? Such qualifying statements indicate that the conclusion is beyond doubt. In the second paragraph of the article, three sets of comparisons are used to criticize people's confusion on the issue of teachers. The conclusion is the same, but the tone is different. ?The reason why saints are saints and the reason why fools are fools are all due to this?? They use a speculative and questioning tone to make judgments;?? From elementary school to great legacy, I have not seen the clarity?? They use a affirmative tone to make judgments; ?A man who is a witch doctor, a musician, and a master of all kinds of craftsmanship is looked down upon by a gentleman, but now his wisdom is beyond his reach. It is strange that he is so strange? He made his judgment in a tone of surprise. This kind of intricately changed sentences makes the discussion more vivid and the reasoning more profound. The original text of the ancient Chinese text "Teacher's Theory"

Ancient scholars must have teachers. A teacher is the one who preaches the truth, receives karma and resolves doubts. People are not born with knowledge, how can they be free from confusion? If you are confused and do not follow the teacher, you will be confused and you will not be able to understand it. If they were born before me, they heard the Tao before me, so I learned from them; if they were born after me, they heard the Tao before me, so I learned from them. My teacher is the Taoist. Do you know that I was born one after another in different years? That is why there is neither high nor low, neither long nor young. The existence of the Tao is the existence of the teacher.

Sigh! It’s been a long time since teachers’ teachings were passed on! It’s hard to keep others clear of confusion! The ancient saints were far away from others, yet they still followed their teachers and asked. But today’s people, The saints below him are also far away, and they are ashamed to learn from their teachers. Therefore, the saint will benefit the saint, and the fool will benefit the fool. The reason why saints are saints and the reason why fools are fools are all due to this? If you love your son, you will choose a teacher and teach him; if you yourself, you will be ashamed of the teacher and confused. The teacher of the boy, who teaches the book and then learns its sentences, is not what I call someone who teaches his way and solves his confusion. I don’t know how to read a sentence, I don’t understand it when I’m confused, maybe I’m a teacher, or maybe I’m not good at it. I haven’t seen the clarity from elementary school but great legacy. A man of witchcraft, medicine, music, and craftsmanship, he is not ashamed to be a physiognomist. The clan of scholar-bureaucrats would gather in groups and laugh at those who said "master" or "disciple". When asked, he said: "He is similar to that year, and the way is similar." A low position brings shame, and a high official position brings flattery. ?Ugh! The way of a teacher can no longer be known. Gentlemen despise a man who is a skilled witch doctor, musician, and musician. Now his wisdom is beyond his reach. It is so strange!

The saint is the teacher of impermanence. Confucius studied under Tanzi, Changhong, Xiang and Laodan. The disciples of Tanzi were not as wise as Confucius. Confucius said: "When three people are walking together, there must be my teacher." ?Therefore, the disciple does not have to be inferior to the master, and the master does not have to be better than the disciple. There is a priority in learning the Tao, and there is a specialization in the art, that's all.

Li's son Pan, seventeen years old, was fond of ancient prose and had a thorough knowledge of all six classics and classics. Yu Jiaqi was able to practice the ancient way and wrote "Shi Shuo" to teach him.

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