Can you tell me the story of Nalan Xingde?

1674, when Nalan Xingde was twenty years old, he married the daughter of Lu Xingzu, the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi. It was the eighteenth year of Lu's life, and he was "born in Yongfu, with a dignified sex". After marriage, the two loved each other, and a happy life inspired his poetry creation. But only three years later, Lu died in childbirth, which brought great pain to Nalan Xingde. Since then, "there are many lamentations, and the hatred of bosom friends is especially deep." The heavy spiritual blow made him repeatedly show endless yearning for love and lost homesickness in his later mourning poems. After Nalan Xingde, she continued to marry into the official family and had a side room Yan. It is worth mentioning that when Nalan Xingde was 30 years old, she accepted Shen Wan, a talented woman in the south of the Yangtze River, with the help of her good friend Gu Zhenguan. Shen Wan, whose real name is Yu Chan, is a native of Wucheng, Zhejiang Province, and is the author of Choosing Dream Ci. Concentrate on mourning the work "Abundant God Does Not Reduce Husband". Unfortunately, their love ended in tragedy because of Nalan Xingde's family reasons, and Shen Wansan returned to Jiangnan. As a generation of romantic talents, Nalan Xingde's love life is talked about by later generations, and there are also various rumors that catch the wind. The most rumored is that his cousin entered the palace, but there is no way to verify it.

The poet's uninhibited personality, natural detachment, outstanding talent and free and easy fame and fortune, together with his rich family background, well-known life experience, golden rank and jade hall, and his future as an official, constitute a sense of contradiction and intangible psychological depression that ordinary people can't observe. Coupled with the early death of his beloved wife, it is difficult to reunite old dreams in the future, and the gathering and separation of literary friends makes him unable to get rid of his deep confusion and pessimism. Tired of career, disdainful of wealth and disdainful of official career, he has no intention to care about anything that can be taken away easily outside his body, but he is obsessed with love that cannot last long and the natural harmony between his heart and the environment. In the late spring of the 24th year of Kangxi, when he was ill, he got together with friends, got as drunk as a fiddler, sighed, and then got sick. Seven days later, he died on May 30th.

Although Nalan Xingde only had a short life of 3 1 year, he was one of the famous poets in Qing Dynasty. At that time, when Ci was flourishing, he was known as the "three outstanding poets in Qing Dynasty" together with Chen Weisong, the representative of Yangxian School, and Zhu Yizun, the head of Zhexi School. But in contrast, Nalan Xingde is a Manchu dignitary who has just entered the customs. It is amazing that he can master and use Chinese culture so profoundly.

There are 348 poems (342 stories) about Nalan Xingde, which involve love and friendship, frontier fortress in the south of the Yangtze River, chanting things and history, and miscellaneous feelings. Although he has rich experience as a writer, the number of his poems is small, and his vision is not wide, but his poems are charming because of emotion, and Nalan Xingde is a very real person, so his poems are excellent at that time and later generations, and are highly respected. Wang Guowei, a famous scholar in modern times, spoke highly of him: "Nalan Rong Ruo looks at things with the eyes of nature and expresses his feelings with the tongue of nature. It's been like this since I first entered the Central Plains and didn't get infected with Han culture. Since the Northern Song Dynasty, there has been only one person. " Kuang Zhouyi also praised him as "the first hand at the beginning of the country" in HSBC Thorn.

At the age of 24, Nalan Xingde edited his own words as "Side Hat", renamed it "Drinking Water", and later called Nalan Ci. Looking at Nalan Xingde's ci style, it is fresh and beautiful, sad and stubborn, quite close to the late Tang Dynasty. And he himself appreciates Li Yu very much. He once said: "the words between flowers, such as ancient jade, are expensive and not applicable;" Song Ci is applicable and of low value, and Li Houzhu has its beauty at the same time, which is even more confusing. " In addition, his ci was also influenced by Hua, Yan and others.

[Edit this paragraph] Appreciation of works

Nalan wrote 20 volumes of Children's Anthology, but his greatest achievement was in ci. His poems are fresh and beautiful, with a unique sense of realism and sharpness, pointing directly at his true heart, which has produced a sensational effect of "everyone competing to sing" after his woodcut was published. Behind him, Nalan was praised as "the first poet in Manchu Dynasty" and "the first scholar", and was highly respected by scholars in Qing Dynasty. Wang Guowei praised him for "observing things with natural eyes and expressing feelings with natural tongue". When I first entered the Central Plains, I had not infected the Han people. Since the Northern Song Dynasty, I have only one person. "

In the Republic of China, Nalan was still a typical example of the early death of a famous gifted scholar. This is a proof: Mr. Zhang Henshui wrote in History of the Spring and Autumn Period and Ming Dynasty that a gifted scholar died young at the age of 30, and his friend exclaimed:' Seeing the words written on weekdays, I expected that he, like Nalan Rong Ruo, could not live forever ... "

For a period before the reform and opening up, the research community only paid attention to sociality and ignored artistry. They think that Nalan Rong Ruo's poems, or poems about love or friendship, don't criticize the superstructure at all, and don't care about the working people. Even his poems describing the frontier fortress scenery are shrouded in homesickness and melancholy, and cannot be used as a cover for "praising the great rivers and mountains of the motherland." Therefore, when commenting on Nalan Ci, every contemporary anthology should say something like "thin and narrow content" and "low ideological level". In the books compiled by contemporary people, Nalan and Nalan's ci became the lace of literary history and became a dispensable idle pen.

This view has been re-examined after the reform and opening up, and the artistry of Nalan Ci has been widely recognized and valued. Especially since the 300th anniversary of the death of 1985 Nalan Xingde, Chengde Nalan Xingde Research Association was established, which pushed Nalan research to a climax. 1In August, 1997, the "Symposium on Minority Literature across the Taiwan Strait" co-sponsored by Taiwan History and Literature Society and Chengde Nalan Xingde Research Association was held in Chengde. The study of Nalan Xingde is an important topic of this conference, and a number of high-quality academic papers have been exchanged. The research on Nalan's family background, life, thoughts and creation is increasingly comprehensive and in-depth. For the general public, Nalan Xingde and Nalan Ci have been widely recognized and loved by people, and some even summarized them as a "social phenomenon".

Physical property observation

There are many landscapes about water and lotus flowers in Nalan Xingde's poems. First of all, its other industry is called "Dew Pavilion". No matter how controversial the location of Lvshuige is at present, no matter it is on the Shichahai side of Beijing, under the Yuquan Mountain in the western suburbs, or by the Yu He River in Zaojiatun, its fief, there is no water word left. Is it a building near the water or a garden with water? For water, Nalan has a special liking for morality. In the traditional culture of China, water is regarded as a living substance and is considered beneficial. The virtue of using water is better than a gentleman. Moisturizes all things, is warm and firm, and flows endlessly, giving it philosophical connotation from the perspective of material principle. This is what the poet Nalan Xingde pays special attention to.

After the Ming Dynasty made Beijing its capital, many dignitaries built private gardens inside and outside the city. For example, the British Park in the city, the Tsinghua Campus of Li Wei in the western suburbs, and Yuan Shao in Cao Langmi Wanzhong are all very famous. In the Qing Dynasty, especially when the royal family built gardens in the western suburbs, from Changchun Garden to Yuanmingyuan in its heyday, three mountains and five gardens almost reached the peak in the history of ancient gardening in China. In order to follow suit, to facilitate the class and to enjoy it, princes and ministers also bought land in the western suburbs and built their own gardens and villas. Pearl is only a stone's throw away from Changchun Garden, and there is a "self-pleasing garden". Using the mountains and rivers of Haidian and Xishan, a private garden that looks like Jiangnan was built. Nalan Xingde named his career "Dew Pavilion", on the one hand, because there is water, on the other hand, because the virtue of water is compared with itself. And his book is also titled "Miscellaneous Knowledge of Lushuige". Poets take the water as their friend and companion, which is clear, secluded and far away. They recuperate and relax here, write poems and lyrics, study classics and history, write books, invite guests to get together and learn poetry books-a good Taoist cultural salon. Only when he died, he didn't leave his green water pavilion. In contrast, in Haidian, which is rich in water springs, a monk named Wu Fu built a dry garden and a mountain temple in it. There are three properties in the downtown area of Haidian Town, which is convenient but boring. Sally, a royal businessman, built a house thoroughfare, which was more gorgeous but less elegant. Imagine that if this great poet, whose nature is water, borrows water to express his feelings without water, his emotional stimulation and creative inspiration will be greatly reduced or even almost exhausted. If the mountain is the theme and the mountain is the mind, then his art must be another style.

There are many descriptions of lotus flowers in Nalan Xingde's poems. It is more appropriate to compare the noble character of Nalan's son with lotus. Getting rid of mud and sticking to it is the realm advocated by scholars and elegant people. It originates from the relevant teachings of Buddhism, and regards lotus as a symbol of the other. In the traditional culture of China, the "four gentlemen" such as plum, bamboo, orchid, chrysanthemum, pine and cypress, lotus flower are personified, which endows people with personality, emotion and interest and makes them have specific cultural and philosophical connotations. Zheng Banqiao's bamboo, Jin Nong's plum, and Cao Xueqin's stone have all become cultural totems that entrust literati's mentality and feelings. However, Nalan Xingde recognized the lotus. His name is Lengga Mountain, and people who have Zen values lotus more. Where Nalan Xingde lives and enjoys, there is water, and the lotus in the water cultivates the poet's temperament. There are ten miles of hibiscus on the banks of Wengshan Lake, a hibiscus hall under Yuquan Mountain, a clear water lotus pond next to the green water pavilion, and the West Garden site of Zaojiatun Pearl Garden, with lotus-patterned white marble railings unearthed ... All these show that it is closely related to Nalan Xingde's life and creation, and always exists with the poet's spirit.

China literati pursue the understanding of material essence, and link it with philosophical concepts such as outlook on life and world view, so as to guide life and career and make it artistic. At the intersection of philosophical rationality and artistic enthusiasm, it has sprouted. Nalan Xingde is no exception. Nalan Xingde observed his philosophy with outstanding art in the form of poetry.

The scenery rises.

Many of Nalan Xingde's poems were written when he was driving in Xishan, Beijing. Almost all these places can be tracked and recorded. These feelings and feelings caused by scenic spots and historical sites all have their place. By observing the place where he wrote, we can have a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of the reasons for Nalan Xingde's poetry creation, his rich knowledge of literature and history, and his accurate feelings about the image of objective things. Nalan Xingde once swam with Kangxi through Zhu Baodong, the "Eight Great Scenic Spots". Michelle Ye, his entourage, wrote "The Tide of the Sea and the Pearl Cave". "The desert is stormy, the cold tobacco is withered, and the mountains and rivers rise and fall everywhere. White sky mountains and clear skies in Wan Li at night are not bleak at all. The past is the most painful. I miss Tongluo Hutong and Jingu scenery. Several places are out of the palace, and this boy is still herding cattle and sheep. The desert is covered with yellow sand, with a row of mulberry stems and snow sculptures. A smoke, a dream rain, endure to watch the sunset in the forest. Returning to the geese for two or three rows, I saw clouds and low water, and iron rode on barren hills. At dusk, monks eat, and the door is opened to cool the moon and blow clothes. " Standing on the pavilion overlooking Zhu Baodong at the top of Pingpo Mountain, you should look south and east. Looking south, the Yongding River is misty, and the Xishan alluvial fan formed by its thousands of years of flooding and scouring not only formed the Beijing Plain, but also played a vital role in the paleogeography of Beijing. Up to now, large areas of barren sand and countless earth mountains can still be seen on both sides of the river. Not far from the foot of the mountain are Babaoshan, Laoshan, Tiancun Mountain and Shijingshan. The Han tombs two thousand years ago are little known. At the foot of the mountain, the tomb of Princess Cuiwei in Yuan Dynasty was lost, and the burial place of nobles in Ming Dynasty was gradually replaced by the tomb of princes in Qing Dynasty. Looking to the southeast, the ruins of Liao and Jin dynasties are especially bad. Beijing in Ming and Qing dynasties on the ruins of Yuan Dynasty is full of purple gas from the East. Liao and Song Dynasties fought the "Battle of Gaoliang River" in Zizhuyuan, north of Huichengmen, which led to the fall of Song Jun. Jinbing captured Youzhou and Liao and built their capital on them. After the Yuan people set fire to Jinzhongdu, they moved eastward to build Dadoucheng. Historical changes, dynasty changes, and the rise and fall of the capital have triggered the infinite feelings of Nalan Xingde. Nalan Xingde wrote "Recalling Qin 'e's Longtankou" on the way to Xishan Black Dragon Pool by car. "The mountains overlap and the cliff is suspected of cracking. The sky is suspected to be cracked, the inscription is broken, and the ancient moss is horizontal. The wind howled, the gold and iron sounded, and the dragon cave at the bottom of the depressed pool was gloomy. Longdong is full of eyes, and the old moon is bright. " Black Dragon Pool is located in the north of Huamei Mountain, under the northeast cliff at the mountain pass. The stone here is blue and black, the trees are bleak, the shade is dense, and the moss is slippery. Spring water gushed from the bottom of the deep pool,