What insects are easy to grow in potted plants? How to deal with it?

It is widely distributed and has miscellaneous eating habits, which can harm many indoor foliage plants. Usually occurs in high temperature and dry environment (such as indoor sunshine window, etc.). ) and reproduce rapidly. Most of them grow on the leaves to absorb juice, which makes the leaves yellow, white spots appear, and then turn gray, and the leaves lose their luster, which makes the leaves scorch or fall off. Prevention and treatment: when a small amount occurs, the seriously infected leaves can be removed and washed with water; Improve ventilation conditions and reduce temperature; More water is often sprayed around plants to increase air humidity. Pesticide control can use acaricide, such as dicofol or omethoate 100 times solution, and spray it every other week 1 time for 2-3 times continuously. (2) Aphids often occur on some indoor foliage plants. Strong reproductive ability, mainly absorbing juice from new buds and leaves, often deforming, shrinking and curling plant leaves; At the same time, it can spread viruses, and secretions can induce soot disease. Preventive measures: when a small amount occurs, it can be squeezed with something and then washed with clear water; You can also use tobacco water (50 times liquid) and soapy water for several times. Chemical control can be achieved by spraying 25% skin seeds 800- 1000 times, 40% dimethoate chloride 2000 times, 3% natural pyrethrin 1000 times, deltamethrin 2000-3000 times, etc. Satisfactory results have been achieved. (3) There are many kinds of scale insects, and the main pests of flowers are mealybug, red wax scale, sponge scale, brown scale and so on. It is one of the common pests in indoor foliage plants, especially woody foliage plants and coniferous plants. It is mainly parasitic on the young stems and leaves of plants, and sucks the juice by inserting the piercing-sucking mouthpieces into plant tissues (Figure 1 1). Its wound is easy to be infected with diseases and can induce soot disease. It is very fertile and can reproduce for many generations a year under suitable environmental conditions, so it can cause harm in high temperature areas all year round. Control method: When a small amount occurs, manual control is generally adopted, that is, the insect body is brushed off with a brush, and then washed with water. It is best to control nymphs at the peak period when the wax shell on the insect surface has not yet formed, so it is easier to kill insects and the control effect can be improved. The chemical agent can be 1000 times of isocarbophos, 1500-2000 times of 20% pyrethroid, 800- 1000 times of 40% omethoate, etc. If it is serious, it is necessary to adopt the method of combining manual and chemical prevention, that is, first brush off the medium with a brush, and then spray it with the above chemicals, so that the effect is more ideal. (4) Whitefly is widely distributed and harms many kinds of flowers. It often occurs in indoor foliage plants in greenhouses or plastic greenhouses, especially in dry environments. The worms are small and white, and the mouthparts of adults and larvae are inserted from the back of the leaves, sucking the juice and turning the leaves yellow (Figure 12). The wound is prone to brown rot, which leads to plant death in severe cases. At the same time, honey dew is excreted on leaves, causing soot disease. Control method: 2.5% deltamethrin, 20% pyrethroid 1 500-2,000 times and pyrethroid can be sprayed to control nymphs, adults and eggs, usually once a week1time for 3-4 times in a row. (5) Underground pests such as nematodes and grubs mainly eat the roots and tender stems of underground plants, or destroy the root bulbs, resulting in root rot and plant death (Figure 13, 14). Sometimes it is found to be harmful to some indoor foliage plants. Prevention and control methods: disinfect the soil with steam or chemicals to eliminate root causes such as nematodes; Mix trichlorfon with food, sprinkle it next to seedlings or bury it next to seedlings for trapping and killing; Watering plants with 90% trichlorfon 1000 times solution; Artificial hunting. (6) Snails are small terrestrial mollusks, and most of them live in humid environment all the year round. Like humidity, afraid of dryness and strong light. It often damages the leaves, tender stems and roots of perennial herbaceous foliage plants, making the branches and leaves of plants incomplete, affecting the growth and appreciation of plants, or leading to plant death. Prevention and control methods: food mixed with trichlorfon can be scattered in its frequent activities for trapping and killing; You can also spray trichlorfon and deltamethrin 1 500-2000 times solution around the plants; Spraying 8% Miruling Granules on the soil around the rooting agent to kill Oncomelania hupensis. In addition, pay attention to indoor cleanliness, remove litter in time and reduce its living space. 2. Main diseases and their control (1) Anthracnose is caused by fungi and often harms the tender parts of leaves and stems of plants. In the summer rainy season, the disease is more serious in the greenhouse with high air humidity and poor ventilation. Indoor foliage plants such as dragon's blood tree, variable leaf tree, pineapple, rubber tree and pepper grass are extremely vulnerable. When damaging the leaves, round or oval lesions appeared on the leaves in the early stage, with gray-white light brown in the center and dark brown in the edge, and black spots on the lesions, which led to serious death of the leaves; The diseased leaves of shoots often cause rot (figure 15). Prevention and treatment methods: spray thiophanate methyl, carbendazim and benadryl 800- 1000 times in time at the early stage of onset, or spray antibacterial agents such as chlorothalonil. More importantly, it is necessary to do preventive work to avoid or reduce the occurrence of diseases, such as strengthening cultivation management and creating ventilated and light-transmitting environmental conditions; Pay attention to environmental hygiene, remove diseased plants and leaves in time and burn them; Rational fertilization, no partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, increased application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, so that plants can grow healthily and improve their disease resistance; Improve the cultivation substrate, try not to reuse the pot soil, and do a good job of soil disinfection (steam or 40% formalin can be used for disinfection). (2) Brown spot disease Brown spot disease is a fungal disease, and indoor foliage plants such as Dracaena, Dendrocalamus, Ficus pendulosa and so on often occur. It is easy to get sick when the temperature is high. When the leaves are invaded, round or nearly round lesions are formed on the leaves, and some small round black spots appear on the leaves at the beginning of the disease, which gradually expand into round or nearly round; When the lesion grows up, the edge is dark brown, the center is grayish black, and there are black spots. In severe cases, the lesions are connected and the whole leaf withers (Figure 16). Prevention and treatment methods: cut off diseased leaves in time and burn them to prevent infection; Improve the breeding conditions such as ventilation and light transmission; According to the incidence, thiophanate methyl, carbendazim 1000 times solution or 60% zineb powder 800- 1000 times solution can be sprayed for prevention and control. Soft rot is a bacterial disease, which occurs in indoor foliage plants such as nettle, cymbidium and evergreen, and is serious under high temperature and high humidity. High temperature makes bacteria multiply actively; Humidity is not only conducive to the reproduction of bacteria, but also to the spread of invasion. Under suitable temperature and humidity conditions, bacteria can easily enter the tissue from the wounds of organs such as leaves, secrete toxins, make the tissue necrotic, absorb nutrients from it, and then spread around, disintegrating the tissue and leading to the death of the whole plant.