What are the origins and legends of the Cold Food Festival?

The Cold Food Festival, also known as "No-smoking Festival", "Cold Food Festival" and "Hundred Five Days Festival", is one hundred and five days after the summer calendar and one or two days before Tomb-Sweeping Day. So do you know the origin of the Cold Food Festival? Bian Xiao carefully collected the origins and legends of the Cold Food Festival. What are the short stories about the origin of the Cold Food Festival for everyone to enjoy and learn!

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The Origin of Cold Food Festival

A short story about the origin of the Cold Food Festival

Cold food festival custom

The Origin of Cold Food Festival

Zhong Er, the son of the State of Jin, fled abroad for 19 years in order to avoid the disaster, and suffered the hardships of the world. On the way from one place to another, meson push followed Zhong Er all the time. Once, they ran out of grain and food and got into trouble. Meson pushes the meat off his leg for Zhong Er to eat. Later, Zhong Er returned to China and became the monarch of the State of Jin, known as Jin Wengong in history. Then, Jin Wengong rewarded the officials who fled with him, but he forgot the meson. Jie Zitui didn't ask Jin Wengong for credit, let alone be a minister with those snobs who made a fortune by credit, so he took his mother to live in seclusion in Mianshan, Jiexiu County, Shanxi Province. After Jin Wengong knew it, he recalled the loyalty of meson tui and regretted it very much. He went to ask meson to push himself down the mountain. Mesons pushed away, but refused to satisfy Jin Wengong. In order to force mesons out of the mountain, Jin Wengong ordered Mianshan to be burned. I didn't expect mesons to go their own way, preferring to be burned to death rather than go out of the mountain. As a result, he and his mother both died holding the tree. Seeing that my life-saving love minister was burned to death, Wen Gong was in pain, so he buried Jie Zhi in Mianshan, built a temple and ordered the son to be banned from fire and cold on the day of his death to express his grief, which later became a custom.

The Cold Food Festival has a history of more than 2,600 years since the Spring and Autumn Festival, 358 years earlier than the Dragon Boat Festival. Although it was repeatedly banned by Zhou Ju of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cao Cao of the Three Kingdoms, Xerox of the Later Zhao Dynasty and Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty, it was repeatedly banned and spread throughout the country.

Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty complied with public opinion and issued a decree to include the tomb of the Cold Food Festival in the Kaiyuan ceremony, which was designated as a national statutory festival. "The child is evasive, and the mountain fire burns me. The four seas share the same cold food, and one person is eternal. What's the use of holding a deep grudge? There were no neighbors in ancient times. The soul is full of mountains and rivers, and the wind and thunder are gods. Light smoke, elm and willow fire, resentment, dragons and snakes. Unfortunately, Wen Gongba has been responsible for this minister all his life. The poem "Cold Food Festival" written by Lv Xiang, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, tells the origin of the Cold Food Festival and "pushes Mianshan to burn me".

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A short story about the origin of the Cold Food Festival

According to historical records, the Cold Food Festival originated in the Spring and Autumn Period and has a history of more than 2,600 years. First, let's learn a story about the origin of "Cold Food Festival".

During the Jin Dynasty, Zhong Er, the son of the State of Jin, went into exile in other countries 19 years. His minister Jie tui was always with him, loyal to him, and even "broke the stock and lost the king" (note: when fleeing into Wei, the food was stolen, and there was no food and hunger. Jie tui resolutely cut off the meat on his thigh to support Zhong Er. Zhong Er made great efforts and eventually became a famous monarch "Jin Wengong". However, he retired from Mianshan with his mother without seeking wealth. Jin Wengong ordered the release of Yamakaji to force him to leave the mountain, but Jiexiu was determined not to leave the mountain and eventually died in a fire. Jin Wengong buried him in Mianshan, built a temple and set up a shrine in order to remember his loyalty, and ordered the fire and cold to be banned on the day of the holiday to show his grief.

The "Cold Food Festival" is one or two days before the Gregorian calendar "Tomb-Sweeping Day" every year, and the first day of that year is a festival, where smoking is forbidden and only cold food is eaten. In the development of later generations, the customs of ancestor worship, grave sweeping, swinging, cuju, hooking up and cockfighting gradually increased, passed down and accepted by the whole country. The "Cold Food Festival" was once called the largest folk festival in China, and it was the only festival named after the dietary customs among the traditional festivals of the Han nationality. The "Cold Food Festival" has been quietly incorporated into the "Tomb-Sweeping Day", and the feudal loyalty thought represented by Jiezitui has also sunk into the long river of history, but the people's praise for loyalty, honesty and political clarity represented by the Cold Food Festival has remained unchanged for thousands of years.

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Cold food festival custom

Brief introduction of customs

The customs of the Cold Food Festival include going to the grave, outing, cockfighting, swinging, playing with carpets, pulling hooks (tug of war) and so on. Among them, the custom of going to the grave is very old. In the past, the Spring Festival in China was on the Cold Food Festival, but it was later changed to Tomb-Sweeping Day. However, the Korean side still retains the tradition of holding the Spring Festival at the Cold Food Festival. Cold Food Festival is an important folk festival in Shanxi in spring. Mianshan Mountain in Jiexiu, Shanxi is known as "the hometown of cold food and Qingming culture in China", and a grand cold food and Qingming festival is held every year.

The folk custom of forbidding fire and cold food in Shanxi is mostly one day, and only a few places are used to forbidding fire for three days. People in southern Shanxi are used to eating bean jelly, cold noodles and cold cakes. In northern Shanxi, people are used to cooking (that is, steamed cake noodles or white noodles are cut into dice-sized squares, then dried and fried with earth) as food for the Cold Food Festival. In some mountainous areas, the whole family eats fried noodles on this day (that is, stir-fry whole grains, mix various dried fruits and grind them into noodles).

The Cold Food Festival is celebrated by steaming cold swallows. Flour is kneaded into swallows, songbirds, animals, melons and fruits, flowers, etc. The steamed swallows are colored, inserted into the needles of jujube trees, decorated indoors and given as gifts.

Smoking and eating cold food are prohibited

The Cold Food Festival was also called "No Smoking Festival" in ancient times. Everyone is forbidden to make a fire and eat cold food. However, due to the persistent pursuit of sages by Chinese people, it was repeatedly banned from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and it was not until the Tang Dynasty that it was recognized and participated by the royal family. "Try new fire and new tea" in Su Shi's "Looking at Jiangnan Transcendent Taigong" is about the poet's behavior after cold food.

Worship ancestors

The Cold Food Festival was regarded as a "wild sacrifice" from the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Tang Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, it was included in Volume 87 of "Opening Ethan", which was worshipped by princes (cold food worship) and became one of the auspicious gifts officially recognized and advocated. Later, it evolved into a royal mausoleum; Official sacrifices to Confucius Temple and sages; People go to sweep graves and so on. At that time, a family or clan went to the ancestral grave to sacrifice, add soil and hang paper money. Then spread swallows and snakes and rabbits on the top of the grave, roll them down, put them on with willow branches or needles, and put them in the high place in the house to show their virtue.

Cold food diet

Cold food includes cold porridge, cold noodles, cold paste, green rice and porridge. Cold food offerings include pink swallow, snake rabbit, jujube cake, refined rye, god and so on. There are dozens of drinks, such as spring wine, fresh tea, clear spring and sweet water. Most of them have profound implications, such as offering sacrifices to snakes and rabbits, which means that "snakes and rabbits will be rich", meaning that people are expected to be rich and the country is strong; Don't forget to introduce "Miss" in Jiexiu dialect? .

Cold food inserted willow

The symbol of the vitamin cold food festival was originally to miss Jie Zhi's pursuit of political clarity. As early as the Northern and Southern Dynasties, there was a record in the Chronicle of Jingchu that "every family broke willow during the cold food between Jianghuai and Suzhou", and it is still popular to wear mustard flowers and wheat leaves instead of willow branches in Anhui, Suzhou and other places. According to historical records in various places, there are some sayings, such as "willow branches are inserted into graves", "willow branches are folded into households", "willow branches are inserted into the eaves of sleeping stoves", "wearing a head or a tie", "offering Buddha gods in bottles" and "willow branches are inserted into doors", so there is a saying among the people that "Qingming (cold food) does not wear willow, and the beauty becomes bald".

Cold food outing

Also known as spring outing, Sheng Xing was born in Tang and Song Dynasties. Song Lizhi's words "What I See in the East Valley" contain: "Worship and sweep things.

Cold food festival outing

Cold food festival outing

Then I took my brother, wife, relatives and deeds to visit and went home happily. "A brief introduction to the scenery of emperors in the Ming Dynasty recorded the scene of walking in Beijing:" During the Qingming Festival, people were walking, and there were thousands of tourists, passengers and pedestrians. "It can be said that it is extremely prosperous.

Cold food swing

Swing was originally a female amusement in the ancient cold food festival. Wang Renyu's "Kaiyuan Tianbao Legacy" in the Five Dynasties recorded that "the Tianbao Palace Mid-solstice Cold Food Festival actually erected a swing, which made the wives and concubines in the palace laugh and thought it was a feast. The emperor called it a semi-fairy play, so the scholars in the capital called it. " Wen Yanbo, the prime minister of the Song Dynasty, wrote the poem "Cold Food Day Crossing the Dragon Gate", which is described as "the willow on the bridge hangs on a line and hangs more colorful ropes."

Cold-eating coarse balls

Popular in the Tang Dynasty, the Song Dynasty's "Literature General Examination" contained: "Cuju, Gai began in the Tang Dynasty. Plant two bamboos, several feet high, and wrap the net on the net to measure the ball for the door. The ball is divided into friends and friends, and the game is divided into corners. " Historical records: Tang Dezong, Xianzong, Mu Zong and Jing Zong all like to play cuju. Yuan Guizai, the state capital, said: "In February of the twelfth year of Zhenyuan in Tang Dezong, the Imperial Palace East Pavilion, the great ministers and the sons and daughters of Xunqi met the ball and held a banquet for the ministers to be slaughtered." In the Song Dynasty, there was "Taizu Cuju Map".

Poems sung in cold food

During the Cold Food Festival, literati or homesick relatives, or borrowing scenery, have feelings, feelings, inspirations, poems and chanters. According to the survey, The Complete Poems of Tang Dynasty alone contains more than 300 poems by famous people such as Tang Xuanzong, Zhang Shuo, Du Fu, Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan, and more than 100 poems in the Song, Jin and Yuan Dynasties, making it a wonderful work in Chinese poetry art. In addition, during the Cold Food Festival, there are many activities, such as banquets, flower viewing, cockfighting, egg carving, tug-of-war, drilling wood for fire, flying kites, shooting herbs and throwing pottery toys, which greatly enriched the social life in ancient China.

Spring jingchang

Generally speaking, the first thing for bears in the wild after hibernation is to find some grass to eat in spring. Because grass is rich in cellulose, it is easy to have diarrhea when eaten. The bear cleaned up the waste accumulated in his stomach for a winter before eating. Zoologists say that before spring diarrhea, bears are often depressed, but once they are well conditioned, they will be happy. Is the food structure arrangement of this Cold Food Festival very similar to the bear's diarrhea method? For example, cold rice noodles, a lot of vinegar, and a lot of bean sprouts and shredded cucumber are rich in cellulose, which is most suitable for cleaning the stomach. Judging from the diet structure of Chinese people, they ate a lot of fish and meat during the Spring Festival. When the weather starts to get warmer, they should clean their stomachs like bears. Not only can you keep fit, but you can also make your mind clear and solve the problem of lack of spring.

Picking wild vegetables during the cold food festival not only exercises the body, but also meets the needs of the human body, killing two birds with one stone. Finally, I want to talk about psychological adjustment in spring health preservation.

As I said before, women can go out to play and hook up with boys at the Cold Food Festival, which can prevent mental illness. Although men don't hurt spring, when the liver-qi is too strong and they are prone to mental disorders in spring, they cherish the memory of their ancestors and place their grief on them, which has played a role in restraining anger. Conditioning the liver is quite beneficial. After 5,000 years of cultural nourishment, cold food and Qingming are integrated into one, becoming a festival to remember old friends and inspire strangers.

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