Administrative divisions of Helan county

In the early years of the Republic of China (1912-1927), Ningxia County governed 4 districts and 16 townships, and there were castles in the countryside, namely, the first district was located in Jingui Castle, and governed 4 townships including Jingui, Tongyi, Tonggui and Zhenhe ***26 castles; The second district, located in Ligang Fort, governs Qingshui, Wangcheng, Ligang, Xigang and other 4 townships ***22 Fort; The third district, located in Zhangxin Fort, governs 4 townships such as Changxin, Hongguang, Yuxiang and Fengying ***23 Fort; The fourth district, located in Luhuatai, governs 4 townships including Luhua, Fengdeng, Yangxin and Helan ***19 Fort.

in p>1928, Ningxia was established as a province. Adjustment of Ningxia county jurisdiction: the original jurisdiction of Ligang, Qingshui and Tongyibao was transferred to Pingluo county; Luhua, Yangxin, Fengdeng, Fengying and other castles were placed under Ningshuo County.

In the spring of p>1931, Suyukou, Helankou, Xiashandi of Qiqikou in the eastern foot of Helan Mountain in Pingluo County, and the four castles of Ligang, Qingshui, Tongyi and Dingyi, as well as the eastern half of Xuhe, Yuxiang, Guiwen, Zhangxin, Hongguang and Gaorong, were all assigned to Ningxia County. The forts of Fengdeng, Fengying, Yangxin and Luhua in Ningshuo County, and the slopes of Chongshikou, Dakouzi, Xiaokouzi (that is, rolling bell mouth), Baisikou and Huang Qu at the eastern foot of Helan Mountain were classified as Ningxia County. Ye Sheng, Renchun, Wang Hong, Wang Tai, Quan Wang, Yanghe and Weixin, which belong to Ningxia County, are under the jurisdiction of Ningshuo County.

In p>1941, when Yongning County was separated from Ningshuo and Ningxia, Tonggui, Tongshuo, Zhenhe, Zhangzheng, Liqiang along the Yellow River in Ningxia County and Xuwang, yang xian, Fengying and Shangqianxian villages in the south were placed under Yongning County. Ningxia county was renamed Helan county, which has jurisdiction over 1 townships in the name of digital serial numbers. That is, one township (in Xigangbao), two townships (in Baojiahu), three townships (in Tongchanghu), four townships (in Niuwang Temple), five townships (in Ligangbao), six townships (in Baique Temple), seven townships (in Changxinbao), eight townships (in Tanqu Tuanzhuang) and nine townships (in Longwang Temple).

in September p>1949, Ningxia was liberated, and on the basis of the original 1 townships, it was formed into 1 districts and 45 townships.

In January, 195, the fourth and sixth districts were abolished and merged into eight districts; In May, it was adjusted from 8 districts to 5 districts, and the number of townships remained unchanged.

In p>1951, fourth area's Dengnan and Beita townships, Zhenbeibao, Gunzhongkou, Chongshikou and Nanshui were placed under the jurisdiction of Yinchuan City. At this time, the 5 districts and 43 townships are as follows: (1) The first district is located in Jinguibao, which governs 1 townships including Jinguibao, Baojiahu, Nanzhaizi, Pan Suidong, Pan Suixi, Baonan, Tongchauncey, Tongchangdong, Wang Chengxi and Hanzuo; (2) The second district, located in Ligangbao, governs 11 townships including Ligang, Ligang South, Ligang West, Ligang East, Qingshui, Higashi Shimizu, Tongyi, Wangcheng, Wangchengbei, Tongji and Zhangliangbei; (3) The third district, located in Changxinbao, governs 1 townships including Changxin, Changxinnan, Dingnan, Dingbei, Gaorong, Hongguang, Hongguangnan, Hongguangxi, Yuxiang and Wuqu; (4) fourth area, located in Xigangbao, governs 9 townships including Xigang, Shengli, Sean, Guiwen, Xuhe, Jiefang, Fengdeng, Xizuo and Xihu; (5) The fifth district, located in Luhuatai, governs three townships: Sanqu, Luhua and Suyu.

in October, 1955, the area was withdrawn and merged with the township. The original townships in the first district were merged into six townships, namely Jingui, Jinguinan, Hanzuo, Panchang, Tongchang and Wangchengxi. The original townships in the second district were merged into seven townships: Ligang, Ligang West, Tongyi, Qingshui, Sean, Wangcheng and Jingxing. The original townships in the third district were merged into five townships: Changxin, Dingyi, Gaorong, Hongguang and Yuxiang. The original townships in fourth area were merged into six townships: Shengli, Jiefang, Xigang, Guiwen, Xihu and Fengdeng. The original townships in the fifth district were merged into two townships: Luhua and Suyu.

In June p>1956, 26 townships were merged into 12 townships, namely, the original Jingui and Jinguinan townships were merged into Jingui Township; The original Tongchang and Panchang townships were merged and renamed Tuanjie Township; The original three townships of Xigang, Desheng and Hanzuo and eight production cooperatives, including Xinsheng in Wangcheng Xixiang, merged into Xigang Township; The original Fengdeng, West Lake and Jiefang townships were merged into Jiefang Township; The original Tongyi Township and the east part of Huinong Canal in Qingshui Township were merged into Tongyi Township; Part of the original Sean, Wang Cheng and Wang Chengxiang merged into Wang Chengxiang; The original Ligang, Ligang West and Dingyi townships and the west part of Huinong Canal in Qingshui Township were merged into Ligang Township; The original Hongguang and Gaorong townships merged into Hongguang Township; The original Guiwen, Changxin and Yuxiang townships merged into Changxin Township; Luhua, Suyu and Jingxing townships remain unchanged.

in p>1957, xigang town was changed to xigang township.

in October, 1958, people's communes were formed, and Helan county was formed into four small people's communes. The Qianfeng Commune was established in Jingui and Panchang areas and located in Jinguibao; The Spark Commune will be established in the areas of Ligang, Qingshui and Tongyi, and will be stationed in Ligangbao; The Red Flag Commune was established in Xigang, Sean and Fengdeng areas, and was stationed in Xigangbao; The Yuejin Commune was established in Changxin, Hongguang and Jinshan areas, and was stationed in Changxinbao; Luhua Township is under the jurisdiction of Yinchuan Fighting Commune.

in February p>1959, four communes were renamed as residences.

in p>1961, it was re-divided into nine communes, namely Jingui, Pan Chang, Ligang, Changxin, Xigang, Hongguang, Fengdeng, Tongyi and Silidian. At the same time, a state-owned Jinxing farm was established near the Yellow River of the former Ligang commune.

In p>1963, three production brigades were set aside from Changxin Commune, and Jinshan Commune was added.

In p>1965, Tonggui Commune in Yinchuan was transferred to Helan County. In 197, Tonggui Commune was transferred back to Yinchuan City.

in p>198, Xigang commune was partially separated from other towns and was established as Xigang town. After that, all commune organizations were abolished and all were changed to townships. In 1985, Jingui, Hongguang and Ligang were changed into towns.

In February p>1988, Xigang Township was abolished and merged into Xigang Town; At this time, Helan County has jurisdiction over four towns, namely Xigang, Jingui, Hongguang and Ligang, and six townships, including Pan Chang, Changxin, Fengdeng, Tongyi, Silidian and Jinshan, and state-owned Jinxing Farm.

in p>2, Helan county governed 4 towns and 6 townships: xigang town, Jingui town, Ligang town, Hongguang town, panchang town, Fengdeng town, sishilidian town, Changxin town, Tongyi town, Jinshan town, Nanliangtaizi virtual town, Wenquan farm virtual town and Ningxia original seed farm virtual town.

in October, 22, the State Council approved that Fengdeng Township of Helan County be placed under the jurisdiction of jinfeng district City of Yinchuan City. Helan County governs 4 towns and 5 townships: Xigang Town, Ligang Town, Hongguang Town, Jingui Town, Silidian Township, Tongyi Township, Panchang Township, Jinshan Township and Changxin Township.

in July, 23, according to the opinions of the autonomous region on the adjustment of township division, Helan county merged the original four towns and five townships into four towns and one township, and merged the original Panchang township into Jingui town, Tongyi township into Ligang town, Silidian township into Changxin town, and Jinshan township into Hongguang town. In addition, it has a sub-district office and two farms: Xigang sub-district office. Helan county is mountainous in the west and plain in the east. It has 58, mu of cultivated land, 98% of which is irrigated by the Yellow River.

the basic characteristics of the terrain trend in Helan county are that it is high in the southwest and low in the northeast, and it is distorted from southwest to northeast. The whole area is mainly composed of western mountains and eastern plains. Helan Mountain in the west is more than 14 meters above sea level, and its highest peak is 3566 meters above sea level. The eastern foot of Helan Mountain is 1122~14 meters above sea level, which is the slope increase of piedmont flood. The modern alluvial plain of the Yellow River, located in Yinchuan Basin in the east, is 112~1122 meters above sea level. Helan Mountain and Yinchuan Basin are in direct transition, forming a sharp contrast.

According to the three terrain steps in China, Helan is the second step. The landform of Helan County is divided into five parts from west to east. Helan Mountain, piedmont diluvial inclined plain, river-formed old terrace, modern alluvial plain of Yellow River and floodplain. On more than 2 square kilometers of land, there are mountains and mountains, as well as alluvial fan skirts; There are plains and sand dunes; There are the Yellow River and lakes and marshes.

Helan Mountain is a branch of Yinshan Mountain, which is a natural barrier standing on the west side of Helan County. The southwest of the mountain extends to the northeast, with a total mountainous area of 327, mu, accounting for 17.4% of the total land area of Helan County.

Helan county, which starts from the west main canal in the west and reaches the whole eastern half of the Yellow River in the east, belongs to the modern alluvial plain of the Yellow River, which was formed by the alluvial deposits of the Yellow River and alluvial lakes respectively. The terrain is open and flat, with an altitude of 1,12-1,122 meters, and slowly inclines from southwest to northeast, with a gradient of about 1/4,, covering an area of 1.161 million mu, accounting for 61.7% of the total land area of Helan County.

In the alluvial plain of the Yellow River, lakes and marshes are distributed among them. Helan county belongs to temperate continental climate. The average annual temperature is 9.7℃, the extreme maximum temperature is 36.9C, the extreme minimum temperature is -24℃, and the annual precipitation is 138.8mm..

Helan county is located inland, far away from the ocean, and belongs to continental climate. According to the climate zoning index of China, it belongs to the middle temperate arid climate zone. Due to the frequent invasion of cold air from Siberia and the influence of the terrain conditions of Helan Mountain, the temperature changes greatly in the four seasons, and the invasion of cold air often brings strong winds and strong cooling in winter and spring, forming a long dry and cold winter; Summer and autumn are affected by the warm air of the southeast monsoon, forming a rainy season. According to the climate characteristics of Helan County, it is customary to divide March-May into spring, June-August into summer, September-November into autumn, and December-February into winter.

due to the specific topographical conditions, Helan county can be divided into three climatic zones, namely, the cold temperate zone of Helan Mountain, the diluvial fan zone in front of Helan Mountain and the temperate zone of Tang Huihan Plain. The meteorological differences in Helan County are caused by different regional types.

According to the analysis of the recorded data of Helan County Meteorological Station, the temperature rises rapidly in spring, and the average temperature is about 1℃. The temperature in summer is relatively stable, with an average temperature of around 22℃ and an extreme maximum temperature of 36.7℃. The temperature drops rapidly in autumn, with an average temperature of 8 ~ 9℃; In winter, the temperature continues to be cold, with an average temperature of-9 ~-6℃ and an extreme minimum temperature of -27.7℃. The large temperature difference is a remarkable feature of the temperature in Helan County: ① The annual temperature difference is large, and the average temperature in annual range is 32.4℃. ② The temperature difference between day and night is large, with an average daily temperature difference of 13.4℃ and a maximum of 29.9℃. (3) The regional temperature difference is obvious. The temperature in Helan Mountain climate zone is low, with no summer at the top of the mountain and 1 months in winter, and the average annual temperature is low. There is no summer at the top of the mountain and 1 months in winter, with the average annual temperature below -.8℃. The plain climate is mild, with an average annual temperature of 7.9 ~ 8.6℃.

Helan county is rich in heat resources. The accumulated temperature above ℃ is 3753.2℃, above 5℃ is 3619.6℃, above 1℃ is 3281.6℃, and above 15℃ is 2629.9℃. The heat required by the main crops in the growth period can basically be met.

Helan county belongs to temperate arid area, with many sunny days all year round, long sunshine time and large solar radiation. According to the statistics over the years, the average annual sunshine in Helan County is 2935.5 hours, the annual sunshine percentage is 66%, and the total solar radiation is 14.9 kcal/cm. The solar radiation is the strongest in June and July, with an average of 17 kcal/cm. April to September is the growing period of various crops, during which the total solar radiation reaches 91.6 kcal/cm, accounting for 63% of the total annual radiation. When the temperature is higher than 1℃, the total solar radiation is 85.4 kcal/cm, accounting for 58.7% of the total annual radiation. In the middle of Yinchuan Plain in Helan County, the Yellow River entered the country.

The Yellow River enters from Jingui Town in the southeast of Helan County, and leaves from south to north to Tongyi Township in the northeast. The total length of the territory is 21.25 kilometers, the river width is about 12 ~ 16 meters, the water depth is generally 2 ~ 6 meters, and the deepest reaches 2 meters. The average annual runoff is 28.65 billion cubic meters, and the average peak flow is 355 cubic meters per second. Abundant water and good water quality, with an average sediment concentration of 6.54 kg/m3 and a maximum salinity of 762.5 mg per liter.

there is little precipitation in Helan county, with an average annual flood of about 157.66 million cubic meters, resulting in zero surface runoff. However, the surface water is abundant, which runs through the five main canals of Tanglai Canal, Hanyan Canal, Huinong Canal, Second Farm Canal and Xigan Canal in the county from south to north, with a total length of 112.3 kilometers, a total annual inflow of 1.37 billion cubic meters and an annual irrigation diversion of 56 million cubic meters, irrigating hundreds of thousands of acres of farmland in Helan County. .

due to long-term irrigation and cultivation, the terrain along the ancient canal is obviously raised compared with the two sides, and a trough-shaped closed depression pool is formed between the ridged highlands, which becomes a water and salt gathering area, forming dozens of beaded source moors and alkaline marshes below.

Helan county is rich in groundwater reserves, and the regulated groundwater reserves are about 128 million tons. Groundwater mainly comes from drainage irrigation and atmospheric rainfall recharge. Generally speaking, the groundwater in Helan County is shallow, and its depth varies with topography and irrigation and drainage conditions. The groundwater in the Yellow River Diversion Irrigation Area is shallow, and the depth in some areas is less than 5 cm. The maximum buried depth of groundwater in Jinshan diluvial fan is 26 meters. It is observed that irrigation is the main factor affecting the dynamics of groundwater table. After the beginning of spring irrigation, the groundwater level rose sharply, reaching a peak in May and June. After autumn irrigation and winter irrigation stopped, the groundwater level dropped. In early April every year, the groundwater level is at its lowest point.