Where do these two poems come from, what do they mean and what feelings do they express?

The fisherman rests on the western hills at night, learns the clear water in the morning, and cooks for firewood.

Then, at sunrise, he walked through the fog. Alas, it was a green landscape.

Looking back, the fishing boat has drifted below the horizon, and white clouds are floating in the mountains, chasing each other.

This article was written in Yongzhou. The author's famous prose "Eight Stories of Yongzhou" not only expresses his feelings for mountains and rivers, but also contains a little loneliness and resentment of political frustration. The same meaning also exists in his landscape poems. The "Western Rock" in the first sentence of this poem refers to the Western Hills in Travel Notes at the Beginning of the Western Hills Banquet, while the "Fisherman" in the poem, who delivers songs by himself and walks alone in the green mountains and green waters, contains a sense of his own situation. The protagonist, alone, shows a feeling of narcissism, and words such as "not seeing anyone" and "looking back at the sky" all reveal a bit of loneliness. In art, this poem particularly attracts the attention of later generations. Su Dongpo said appreciatively: "Poetry delights in strangeness and abnormal harmony. It is interesting to know this poem. " (Hui Hong's "Cold Zhai Ye Hua" is quoted from "The Continuation of the Tang Dynasty") The word "curiosity" really captures the main artistic features of this poem.

The first sentence begins with "night", and "an old fisherman spent the night here, under the western cliff" is still very common; But the second sentence is strange when it is written at dawn. It was common to get up early to draw water and make a fire. However, the statements of "catching up with Hunan" and "burning Chu bamboo books" are novel and unheard of by readers. The fact is that the Xiangjiang River draws water with a sieve, and the dead bamboo pays the bill. Instead of burning "salary" with "water", the meaning in the poem is different from that of "Qing Xiang" and "Chu Zhu". Just like "cooking gold and wearing jade" gives people the feeling of being expensive, "painting Hunan clearly" and "burning bamboo incense" have extraordinary feelings, which seem to symbolize the lonely character of the people in the poem. It can be seen that the "abnormality" of coinage can show a special taste, which is called "harmony".

At dawn at night, readers know that there is a fisherman under Xiyan from the sound of pumping water and the light of burning bamboo. In three or four sentences, I wrote "Work at sunrise and rest at sunset". It is "abnormal" that people should meet readers at this time, but instead "see no one". However, with the "sunrise of cigarette sales". Suddenly, the green mountains and green mountains became like this. Suddenly, I heard the paddle "Oh, it's a sound". Although no one is seen, it is only in the mountains and rivers. This is another "combination". The word-making here is also very strange: "smoke sells sunrise" and "landscape green" are mutually causal and have nothing to do with "not seeing people"; And "landscape green" and "alas!" The song "Then, at sunrise, he walked through the scattered fog and went his way, alas, it was a green landscape", which was particularly "abnormal". But the words "cooked taste" and "then, at sunrise, he walked through the fog" can convey a feeling of surprise; It is especially pleasant to hear the sound of paddles among the green mountains and green waters. The mountains and rivers seem greener and more lovely. Through such curiosity, the author wrote a somewhat mysterious realm, vaguely conveying his lonely mood. So it is not for fun.

The last two sentences are the echo of the whole poem. The fisherman has gone down the river by boat. At this time, he "looked back at the sky" and saw white clouds hovering on the rocks, as if following his fishing boat. Here, I borrowed the meaning of "a cloud comes out unintentionally" in Tao Qian's farewell speech. Only "unintentional" white clouds "chase each other", and their loneliness is unknown.

Regarding these last two sentences, Dongpo thinks "no need." This casual criticism has caused controversy for hundreds of years. Yan Yu and Hu Yinglin in Ming Dynasty, Wang Shizhen and Shen Deqian in Qing Dynasty all agreed with Dongpo's view that these two sentences should be deleted. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Liu Chenweng, Li Ming, Dongyang people, Wang Shizhen and others thought it should not be deleted. Liu Chenweng's poem "Don't be like the Late Tang Dynasty" relies on the last two sentences (six are quoted from Poem Internal Compilation), and Li Dongyang also said, "If you stop using the first four sentences, what is the difference with the Late Tang Dynasty?" The root of the differences between the two factions mainly lies in their different views on "curiosity". Su Dongpo appreciated the poem's emphasis on strangeness, and deleted the last two sentences, so that the poem ended with a strange sentence of "Alas, the landscape is green", which not only made this poem "the best in Tang poetry" memorable, but also made it more interesting. Liu Chenweng and Li Dongyang's humble "Late Tang" poems have a remarkable feature, that is, strangeness. Delete the end of this poem, which is relatively dull and leisurely, making the first four sentences particularly interesting. "What's the difference between it and the late Tang Dynasty?" Weighing the two, it is not difficult to see that the reason for the latter statement is quite inadequate. The "Late Tang" poetry was not as curious as the people who were in the heyday at the beginning, and some of them were unexpected but not made. Can they be completely erased? The strangeness of this kind of poetry is conducive to expressing poetry, which is the advantage. Although it declined at the end of the Tang Dynasty, what harm did it have? Isn't "Poetry will flourish in the Tang Dynasty" one of the fundamental reasons for the decline of Ming poetry? Su Dongpo, without prejudice, makes an argument about poetry, which is more insightful. Naturally, the selected works should keep their original appearance and cannot be changed at will; But as far as art is concerned, it is better to give up what you love.

Anding tower

Li shangyin

Deliver a 100-foot high-rise building,

Tingzhou is the best place outside the poplar branches.

Jia Sheng cried in vain when he was young.

Spring outing in RoyceWong is farther.

Always remember that rivers and lakes are white,

Want to go back to heaven and earth and get on the boat.

I don't know what rotten mice taste like,

Guess the young people didn't rest.

Always remember the white hair in the rivers and lakes and want to return to the world and enter the ship.

I often think that when I get old, I will retire from the Jianghu, let my hair hang freely, and sail around the Jianghu in a gondola, but I have to wait until I turn around Gan Kun and the world and make achievements. Although the poet is in a difficult position, Lingyun's ambition is undiminished. During the Spring and Autumn Period, after Fan Li assisted Gou Jian, the king of Yue, to achieve hegemony, he resigned his title and drifted away by boat, which became an eternal beauty talk. Li Shangyin borrowed this allusion to show that he wanted to learn from Fan Li, make contributions, and then retire. "I want to return to heaven and earth" means that I am eager to have the power to return to heaven in order to revive the Li and Tang Dynasties. "I don't forget the Jianghu" emphasizes that I don't covet fame and fortune, but I have the heart to retire after success. The word "Yong" expresses the poet's lifelong ideal, and the word "desire" shows the poet's strong heart of using the world.

This couplet has always been highly regarded. It is not only neat and vigorous, but also highly generalized, which represents the ideal life realm of traditional intellectuals in China: taking governing the country and leveling the world as their own responsibility and pursuing an indifferent and peaceful life. With the former, we can broaden our horizons and help the world; With the latter, it is different from those who pursue fame and gain. In this regard, he once praised it as "natural temperament, Du Ru".