Who in "Three Kingdoms" can tell me the ins and outs of the Yiling battle...

The Battle of Yiling is also called the Battle of Yiling and the Battle of Xiaoting. It broke out in 222 AD. It was a war fought between the Wu Kingdom (Sun Quan) and the Shu Han Dynasty (Liu Bei) during the Three Kingdoms period to compete for the strategically important eight counties of Jingzhou. It was also a famous successful example of active defense in the history of ancient Chinese wars.

After the Battle of Chibi in 208 AD, the strategically important Jingzhou, which governed eight counties north and south of the Yangtze River, was divided among Cao Cao, Liu Bei, and Sun Quan. Cao Cao occupied Nanyang and northern Jiangxia, Sun Quan occupied Nanjun and southern Jiangxia, and Liu Bei captured Changsha, Wuling, Lingling, and Guiyang counties. In 210 AD, at Liu Bei's request and Lu Su's persuasion, Sun Quan lent Liu Bei a strategic location on the north bank of the Yangtze River. In this way, Liu Bei actually basically controlled Jingzhou. Soon, Liu Bei captured Yizhou and Hanzhong successively, and the situation of the three kingdoms of Wei, Wu and Shu in history was formed. Hanzhong and Jingzhou are the two strategic bases of the Shu Han. From Hanzhong, you can go north to Tongguan and attack Luoyang; from Jingzhou, you can go north through Xiangyang to attack Xuchang; and from the east, you can go straight to the hinterland of Wu State, putting the Shu Han in a position where you can advance and attack and retreat. Maintain a favorable position.

The Soochow regime, located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, was deeply uneasy in the face of the rapid development of Liu Bei's power. Only because it was the same strategic goal for both sides to join forces to resist Cao Shang at that time, this conflict has not intensified for the time being. In 211 AD, after Sun Quan occupied Jiaozhou (today's Guangdong and Guangxi), his power further expanded; at that time, Cao Cao was busy annexing the forces of Ma Chao and Han Sui in Guanzhong to stabilize the rear, and had no time to look south. Sun Quan took this opportunity to demand the return of Jingzhou from Liu Bei, but Liu Bei refused to return it on the pretext that "Liangzhou must be obtained, and Jingzhou should be given to each other". The conflicts between the two countries have become increasingly acute, and they once met each other at war. In the end, although an agreement was reached to divide Jingzhou equally: with the Xiang River as the boundary, Sun Quan occupied Jiangxia, Changsha, and Guiyang, and Liu Bei occupied Nanjun, Wuling, and Lingling, but the contradiction between the two countries was not really eliminated.

In 219 AD, Sun Quan took advantage of the Shu Han Jingzhou garrison Guan Yu and led his army to attack Xiangyang and Fancheng in the north. He fought fiercely with Cao Wei's army, leaving the rear empty. He sent General Lu Meng to "cross the river in white" to attack Guan Yu. The rear base is Gangneung. After hearing the news, Guan Yu hurriedly led his army to rescue him, but was defeated and killed. Sun Quan then occupied the entire Jingzhou. As a result, the conflict between Sun and Liu intensified, eventually leading to the Battle of Yiling.

In 221 AD, Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor in Chengdu. His country was named Han, his name was Shuhan in history, and his reign was named Zhangwu. A month later, Liu Bei decided to attack Wu on a large scale in an attempt to avenge Guan Yu and recapture Jingzhou. Emperor Wen of Wei Cao Pi was very happy to see the internal divisions and collapse of the Sun-Liu alliance, and took the opportunity to fan the flames, looking for opportunities to intensify the conflicts between Wu and Shu, so as to reap the benefits of the fishermen. On the Shu Han side, most of the ministers and generals including Zhuge Liang and Zhao Yun saw that a large-scale attack on Wu would be detrimental to Shu, so they repeatedly warned Liu Bei not to send troops to attack Wu. However, Liu Bei, who was in anger, could not listen to these opinions at all.

As for Sun Quan, after capturing Jingzhou, in order to consolidate his vested interests and not want to intensify the conflict between Wu and Shu, he twice sent envoys to Liu Bei to seek peace, but Liu Bei flatly rejected them both times. . Zhuge Jin (Zhuge Liang's brother), the governor of Nanjun in Soochow, also wrote to Liu Bei, stating his interests and hopes that Liu Bei would stop attacking Wu. Liu Bei also ignored it.

In July 221 AD, Liu Bei personally led an army of more than 100,000 people from the Shu Han Dynasty to launch a large-scale war against the Kingdom of Wu. At that time, the border between the two countries had moved westward to the vicinity of Wushan, and the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River had become the main channel between the two countries. Liu Bei sent generals Wu Ban and Feng Xi to lead more than 40,000 people as the vanguard to seize the gorge, invade the Wu territory, defeat the Wu army Li Yi and Liu Abu in Wudi (now Badong, Hubei), and occupy Zigui. In order to prevent Cao Wei from taking the opportunity to attack, Liu Bei sent Zhenbei General Huang Quan to station on the north bank of the Yangtze River, and sent his sergeant Ma Liang to Wuling to win over the local tribal leader Samoko to raise troops to cooperate with the Shu Han army.

Facing the strategic attack of the Shu army, Sun Quan rose up to fight. He appointed Lu Xun, the general of the Right Guards and Zhenxi Army, as the general governor, and led 50,000 people from Zhu Ran, Pan Zhang, Han Dang, Xu Sheng, Sun Huan and other troops to the front line to resist the Shu army; at the same time, he sent envoys to Cao Pi Promise to be repaired to avoid fighting on two fronts.