Why do dogs and dolphins have such a good relationship with humans?

Dogs are the result of long-term domestication. The ancestors of dogs were beasts as big as bears. Later, with the development of human hunting technology, the once hunted beasts were domesticated. This is because after a period of breeding, humans found that dogs would be affectionate to people and bark at intruders, so they began to domesticate dogs consciously. Dogs became smaller and smaller in the process of domestication, and they became what they are today.

Dogs belong to Vertebrate-Mammalia-Carnivora-Canidae.

The affection between dogs and people can be traced back to thousands of years ago. People have reason to believe that the affection between dogs and people will continue in the future.

No animal can provide us with so many services as dogs;

Dogs dutifully graze livestock for us; Dragging us through the coldest and most remote corners of the earth ...

With a sense of smell that is 1000 times more sensitive than ours, dogs can search for people buried under snowdrifts after avalanches, rescue people trapped in rubble after houses collapse, and lead the way for people lost in the depths of forests.

They stand guard at the border to stop drugs and other illegal transactions. They guide the blind and tirelessly take care of the lives of the disabled.

Dogs are our partners, friends and allies. They always know our needs, listen to our orders and warm our hearts with endless care.

We know that dogs were domesticated by wolves more than ten thousand years ago. Although people have developed various theories, we are still not sure why humans and dogs can get along so well. Need to protect each other, hunting together or friendship? Or all three?

People who love dogs may prefer the saying that God created people, and seeing that human beings are so pitiful, he created dogs for us.

Why are dogs loyal to people?

On the emotional basis, the dog's loyalty to its owner comes from two aspects: one is attachment and trust to its mother; The second is loyal obedience to group leaders. In other words, the dog's loyalty to its owner is actually a transfer of the dog's loyalty to its mother or group leader.

From the pedigree, modern domestic dogs can be divided into two categories: wolf pedigree and wolf pedigree. The loyalty of dogs of Hu wolf descent is mainly related to the first emotional source, that is, it mainly comes from attachment and trust to their mothers; This kind of mother can be anyone who is friendly to it. The loyalty of wolf-bred dogs is mainly related to the second emotional source, that is, it mainly comes from loyalty and obedience to the dog leaders; This kind of leader, for dogs, is only one in life. In this way, loyalty has different meanings for these two dogs with different lineages. For a dog of tiger and wolf blood, loyalty to its master means loyalty to all the people who are friendly to it, while for a dog of wolf blood, loyalty to its master means loyalty to a master. A dog of the wolf blood can be loyal to all the people who are friendly to it, so this "loyalty" should be disloyalty to a particular owner. Wolf breed dogs are loyal to only one master in their life, so it can be said that wolf breed dogs are far more loyal to their masters than Hu wolf dogs. The reason why the loyalty of these two dogs is so different is that the genetic codes of these two dogs are different.

Dolphins belong to Mammalia, Cetaceans, Toothed Cetaceans and Dolphins, with nearly 62 species, which are distributed in all oceans of the world. It is 1.2 ~ 4.2 meters long and weighs 23 ~ 225 kilograms. Dolphins generally have sharp mouths, and there are about 100 sharp teeth in the upper and lower jaws. They mainly feed on small fish, squid, shrimp and crab. Dolphins like to live a "collective" life, and the number ranges from a few to hundreds. Dolphin is a marine mammal with superb skills and intelligence. After training, I can play table tennis, jump in the ring of fire and so on. Dolphin's brain is the most developed among animals except humans. Human brain accounts for 2. 1% of my weight, and dolphin brain accounts for 1.7% of my weight. The dolphin's brain consists of two completely separate parts. When one part is at work, the other part gets enough rest, so it can stay awake for life. Dolphins judge the distance, direction, position, shape and even the nature of objects by echolocation. Some people do experiments, blindfold dolphins and wade in muddy water. They can catch up with the food thrown at them quickly and accurately. Dolphins not only have amazing hearing, but also superb swimming and unusual diving skills. Some tests show that the diving record of dolphins is 300 meters deep, while people can only dive 20 meters without diving suits. As for its swimming speed, it is unmatched by human beings. The speed of dolphins can reach 40 kilometers per hour, which is equivalent to the medium speed of torpedo speedboats.

In the kingdom of cetaceans, there are the most species of Dolphinidae, and there are more than 30 known species in the world. Although some species are called whales, such as killer whales and fake killer whales, they are actually members of the dolphin family.

Dolphin is a clever animal. They don't run away from people like timid animals in the forest, and they don't show their teeth when they meet people like wild animals in the mountains. Dolphins always show a very docile and amiable appearance and approach people. Compared with dogs and Malays, they are sometimes even more friendly to humans.

We have heard many stories about dolphins saving people from drowning, and reports about dolphins playing with people are often heard, and some stories even become sensational news. After learning and training, dolphins can even imitate the voices of some people. In 1970s, three American scientists taught two dolphins 25 words. Recently, four scientists, including Dr. Owens of the Pacific Foundation, trained two dolphins and spent three years teaching them 700 English words. However, some scientists believe that the "language" or "dialect" of animals should not be described too strangely.

But dolphins do have unusual intelligence. Its brain size and quality are also among the best in the animal kingdom. At present, scientists have two different views on the intelligence of animals: one thinks that chimpanzees are the most evolved and capable of all animals; The other thinks that the intelligence and learning ability of dolphins are similar to those of apes, or even higher. Therefore, some people call dolphins "wisdom in the sea".

In order to prove that dolphins can learn, as early as 1959, a man named Lili did an experiment on a dolphin. He inserted electrodes into the pleasure center and pain center of dolphins. When current stimulates the pleasure center or pain center of dolphins through electrodes, it will produce pleasure or pain. Then the dolphins are trained to touch the metal pieces on their heads and control the on-off of the current. If the electrode is inserted into the pain center of the dolphin, as long as it is trained for 20 times, the dolphin will choose to cut off the power supply to make the pain disappear. If you are a monkey, you need hundreds of trainings to learn to control the switch. This shows that dolphins have stronger learning ability in some aspects.

Dolphins are friends of human beings, and they are very willing to get close to human beings. Dolphins at Mon Kemi Beach in Australia have established friendship with human beings, which has brought great joy and surprise to people. Maybe there will be more dolphins in the future, and they will establish contact with humans in more places. This wish is not an illusion: with the deepening of people's research on dolphins, we will uncover more secrets about dolphins, and then our communication with dolphins will be easier, more intimate and more friendly!

Speaking of dolphins, people have heard that they have extraordinary wisdom and ability. In the aquarium, dolphins can perform various wonderful jumping movements according to the instructions of the trainer. They seem to understand the information transmitted by human beings and take action. People can't help but wonder how smart this beautiful marine animal is. So, how high is the wisdom and ability of dolphins? Is it possible for them to increase communication with humans? Starting with the structure and ecological characteristics of dolphin brain, this paper discusses its wisdom.

The IQ of dolphins is difficult to determine.

Dolphins can do all kinds of difficult acrobatics, and they are obviously quite smart animals in the sea. But what is the actual intelligence of dolphins? Psychologically speaking, the word "intelligence" contains three meanings: one is the ability to adapt to various situations; The second is the ability to learn from past experience; The third is to use symbolic things such as language or symbols to engage in "the ability of abstract thinking."

According to observing the behavior of wild dolphins. As well as the communication between dolphins and humans when performing acrobatics, it is speculated that dolphins have strong adaptability and learning ability; But at present, it is impossible to prove that dolphins use language or symbols for abstract thinking. However, even without scientific conclusive evidence, it cannot be considered that dolphins have no abstract thinking ability.

If dolphins really have the ability of abstract thinking, how does it use this ability? To what extent? These are all interesting questions. But now, it is not easy to find the answers to these questions, because even the wisdom possessed by human beings is still unknown.

Although dolphins belong to mammals like human beings, due to different living environments, there are not many opportunities for contact with each other, so human beings have very limited understanding of the potential ability of dolphins. So, what methods do humans use to study and explore the intelligence of dolphins? At present, the following two methods are mostly used: one is to calculate the potential ability of dolphins according to their anatomical characteristics; The second is to actually observe the behavior of wild dolphins and infer their wisdom from the aspects of behavioral purpose and function.

Chest development is not inferior to primates.

Anatomically speaking, the dolphin's chest is very developed, not only large but also heavy. The sulcus on the brain hemisphere of dolphins crisscross, forming complex folds. The number of cells and nerve cells per unit volume of cerebral cortex is very large, and the distribution of nerves is quite complicated. For example, the Atlantic bottlenose dolphin weighs 250kg, and its brain weighs about 1.500g (similar to that of an adult male). The ratio of brain weight to body weight is about 0.6, which is much lower than that of humans (1.93), but higher than that of primates such as gorillas or monkeys.

As for the wrinkles formed by the sulcus in the cerebral hemisphere of dolphins, according to the research, the wrinkles of Atlantic bottlenose dolphins are even more complicated than those of humans. The surface area of their cerebral cortex is 2500 square centimeters, which is 1.5 times that of humans. The density of nerve cells in dolphin brain is almost the same as that of human or chimpanzee. In other words, dolphins have more nerve cells in their brains than humans or chimpanzees. Therefore, whether from the ratio of brain weight to body weight or the number of wrinkles in cerebral cortex, the memory ability or information processing ability of Atlantic bottlenose dolphins is comparable to that of primates.

Try to understand the language of dolphins.

Because the memory ability and information processing ability of dolphin brain are equivalent to those of primates, if humans can communicate with dolphins, they should be able to get a lot of valuable information about marine animals and learn different expressions and thinking modes. When diving with dolphins, you will find that dolphins are quite noisy animals. According to the recorded investigation records, dolphins use ultrasonic calls with frequencies above 200-350 kHz for "echolocation", while human hearing range is between 16-20 kHz, so human beings cannot hear the ultrasonic waves emitted by dolphin echolocation. Therefore, the dolphin calls we hear in the water may be part of the low-frequency sounds that dolphins use to communicate with each other.

The premise of human communication with dolphins is to understand the language of dolphins, so it is necessary to analyze the correlation between the sound and behavior of dolphins. In fact, as long as there is suitable recording equipment, the sound of dolphins can be analyzed. However, the parallel connection between sound and behavior is not easy to master. At present, people can't exactly understand the meaning of various sounds made by dolphins.

In order to let humans communicate with dolphins, the second method is to let dolphins learn human language. More than 20 years ago, experts from Ocean University of America used this method to develop the intelligence of dolphins. At present, under the training of experts, dolphins have been able to learn and understand the meanings of words and complex sentences from the gestures of trainers, and make appropriate responses, but they have not yet reached the realm of free exchange of information with people.

Whether studying the correlation between dolphin's voice and behavior or teaching dolphins to learn human language, the ultimate goal of mutual understanding and communication between humans and dolphins is still quite far away.

The way dolphins sleep.

Dolphins seem to swim around forever without sleep. Dolphins are mammals. They used to live on land, but later they went back to live in water and breathed with their lungs. If they continue to sleep in water, dolphins will die because they can't breathe. Do they really have to sleep? If they can sleep, do they sleep on land or in the sea?

In fact, if we can observe dolphins carefully for a period of time, we will find that they sometimes close one eye when swimming. After investigating their brain waves, it is known that one side of their brain will be asleep. That is to say, although swimming continues, the left and right brains are taking turns to rest.

If we can sleep and work like dolphins, and rest our left and right brains alternately, "we can multitask", then we won't be afraid to miss our stop when we sleep in the car.

Dolphins are desperate to protect their young.

If the female dolphin miscarries unfortunately, in order to give the calf with no activity a chance to breathe, she will desperately push the calf to the surface with a kiss, repeat these actions, and even stop foraging for two days.

According to people in the aquarium, once the dolphin dies, the mother dolphin will try her best to revive it, but if it lasts too long, even the mother dolphin will die of fatigue. Therefore, the calf's body must be salvaged as soon as possible. Perhaps this can prevent the mother dolphin from being too sad and restore her strength. However, it is not easy for the staff to remove the dead dolphins. Mother dolphins will protect dolphins from ships and compete with staff for endurance.

Does the mother dolphin know that the baby dolphin is dead? Or do you desperately want to push the dolphins to the surface because you feel sorry for them? Or is it just animal instinct? Perhaps dolphins do have some rationality that humans can't understand, and the details are still unclear.

Dolphins rescue their victims.

In ancient Greece, there was a story about dolphins rescuing drowning people: On one occasion, Aleon, a famous Greek lyric poet and musician, participated in a music competition organized by a wealthy Italian businessman and won a huge prize. He returned to Corinth, Greece by boat with this wealth, but on the way, the crew were jealous of him and wanted to kill him. Before he died, he asked to play another song. The wonderful music attracted a large group of dolphins. Aleon jumped into the sea, and the dolphin carried him on his back and swam to a safe place, so Aleon escaped. This story shows that the relationship between humans and dolphins was quite good in ancient times. So what is the situation between dolphins and dolphins?

1in June, 1994, when the researchers conducted an ecological survey of dolphins in the Pacific Ocean, they observed that a dolphin was hit by a harpoon and was in a coma. Not far away, another dolphin swam over and pushed the injured species to the surface. Its sound seemed to awaken the injured dolphin in a coma.

Dolphins can identify friends and enemies.

When investigating wild dolphins, researchers found that dolphins were usually reluctant to approach people at first, and seemed to be aware of the existence of strange objects. However, when they realize that humans have no intention, the vigilance of dolphins gradually declines, and they can even reach a distance. They will shake their heads and observe people. As long as one of them approaches people inadvertently, the other dolphins will swim slowly.

Dolphins have a long history of saving lives.

There are many beautiful legends about dolphins saving lives in history. As early as the 5th century BC, the ancient Greek historian Herodotus recorded the miracle that dolphins saved lives. On one occasion, the musician Ariane returned to Corinth, Greece by boat with a large sum of money. During the voyage, the sailors are going to kill for money. Seeing that the situation was not good, Alion begged the sailors to allow him to play the last song of his life, and then he threw himself into the arms of the sea. At the critical moment of his life, a dolphin swam over and took the musician all the way to the Peloponnesus.

1949, the wife of a lawyer in Florida, USA, disclosed her strange experience of being rescued from drowning at sea in Natural History magazine: when she was swimming at a beach, she suddenly fell into an underwater undercurrent, and rows of turbulent waves came at her. Just when she was about to go into a coma, a dolphin swam quickly, gave her a sharp push with its sharp beak, and then pushed her several times until she was pushed into shallow water. After waking up, the woman looked around to see who saved herself. However, there is no one on the beach, only a dolphin is playing in the water not far from the shore. In recent years, there are more and more similar reports, which shows that dolphins were never invented by people.

Dolphins will not only push drowning people to the shore, but also come forward to rescue sharks when they eat people. 1959 in the summer, the passenger ship "Rio Arteiro" crashed in the Caribbean, and many passengers struggled in the rough sea. Unexpectedly, it never rains but it pours. A large group of sharks came around and everyone would be buried in the belly of the fish. At this critical juncture, groups of dolphins suddenly appeared like "heavenly soldiers and heavenly generals", pouncing on greedy sharks, driving away demons in the sea and turning passengers in distress into safety.

Helping the weak is instinct.

Dolphins are always an animal that helps people in trouble. When people are in danger in water, they often get its help. Dolphins have also won the reputation of "lifeguards at sea", and many countries have promulgated laws and regulations to protect dolphins. So why do dolphins save people? Before people fully understood dolphins, they were always thought to be sent by God to protect human beings. Due to the progress of science, the understanding of dolphins is further deepened, and its mystery is gradually uncovered.

Zoologists have found that dolphins are not limited to humans. They will rescue their sick companions.

During the period of 1959, American zoologist De Herb Nale and others saw two dolphins swimming towards a dolphin injured by explosives, trying to rescue their companions. Dolphins will also help newborn dolphins, sometimes this move is blind. In an ocean park, a little dolphin died at birth, but it was pushed out of the water by its mother. In fact, almost all objects that do not actively move in the water will attract the attention and great enthusiasm of dolphins and become their "rescue" objects. Some people have done many experiments, and the results show that dolphins will do the same thing to anything floating in front of them, whether it is a dead turtle, an old air cushion, a lifebuoy or a wooden board. 1955, a dolphin rescued its old enemy, a young tiger shark, which was 1.5 meters long, and lifted it out of the water for eight consecutive days. As a result, this unlucky little shark finally lost his life.

Accordingly, marine zoologists believe that the life-saving virtue of dolphins comes from their "caring nature" for children. It turns out that dolphins are mammals that breathe with their lungs. They can dive into the water when swimming, but they have to put their heads out of the sea to breathe every once in a while, otherwise they will suffocate. Therefore, for newborn dolphins, the most important thing is to reach the surface as soon as possible, but if there is an accident, the dolphin mother's care behavior will happen. She gently lifts the dolphin with her beak, or holds the pectoral fin of the dolphin with her teeth to make it surface until the dolphin can breathe on its own. This caring behavior is the instinctive behavior of dolphins and all whales. This instinct is formed in the process of long-term natural selection, which is very necessary for protecting the same kind and continuing the race. Because this behavior is independent of the object, once the dolphin meets the drowning person and mistakenly thinks it is a floating object, it will also have the same push-pull reaction, thus saving people. In other words, it is a coincidence that the inherent behavior of dolphins coincides with the exciting phenomenon of "saving people".

A wise man in the ocean, a friend of mankind.

Some scientists believe that it is a simplification to attribute the rescue behavior of dolphins to an animal instinct, and its root is to underestimate the wisdom of animals. Oceanographers believe that dolphins have the same learning ability as humans, even slightly better than chimpanzees, and are known as "wise men" in the ocean. Studies show that dolphins are far superior to chimpanzees in both absolute and relative brain weight, and learning ability is closely related to intellectual development. Some people think that dolphins have larger brain capacity than chimpanzees and are obviously animals with high IQ and thinking ability. Its "feat" of saving people is completely a conscious act. Because in most cases, dolphins will push people to the shore, not the sea. At the beginning of the 20th century, near the Atlantic Ocean in Mauritania, there was a poor fishing village, El Mahara. Dolphins in the Atlantic seem to know that people are suffering from hunger, and often drive a large number of fish from the high seas to the port to help fishermen cast nets to catch fish. In addition, anecdotes similar to dolphins helping people fish have also been reported in Australia, Myanmar, South America and other places.

What is the reason why dolphins are so single-minded to humans? In front of sharks, dolphins are crazy killing gods. It is easy to attack humans, but there is no record of dolphins hurting people. The most incomprehensible thing is that even if someone kills a dolphin, the other dolphins present just stand by and never answer blows with blows. For dolphins with strong cooperative spirit, this kind of performance really puzzles zoologists.

Dolphins don't know