Basic knowledge and characteristics of words

Basic knowledge and characteristics of words:

First, the development process of vocabulary

The word 1. is a unique poetic style and a new literary style that emerged in the Tang Dynasty. After the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, it began to flourish and reached its peak in the Song Dynasty. After declining for more than 300 years in Yuan and Ming Dynasties, it re-entered the development state in Qing Dynasty. Ci, also known as Quzi Ci, long and short sentences and poems, is a kind of songs and poems full of feasts. A epigraph is the name of the tone of a word. Different epitaphs have regulations on the total number of words, the number of words per sentence and the level.

2. Every word has a musical tone. Generally speaking, the tone of a word is not the theme of the word, but only a score. In Song Dynasty, in order to express the meaning of words, some poets often added a title to the tune of words, separated them with ","or wrote a small preface. The tone of each word is "the tone has a definite sentence, the sentence has a definite word, and the word has a definite tone", and they are different.

3. Words are generally divided into two segments (called upper and lower segments or upper and lower segments), and there are few words that are not divided into two or more segments. Some words are only divided into one paragraph, which is called monotony; Some are divided into two sections, called double tones; Some are divided into three or four sections, which are called three or four sections.

Generally speaking, the number of words and the length of sentences in tones are fixed and have a certain format. The sentence patterns of words are uneven, basically long and short sentences, and long and short sentences are also nicknames of words.

4. According to the number of words, the words are divided into three types: poetry, alto and long tone, and the poems are within 58 words; 59-90 words in alto; Long tune is more than 9 1 word, and the longest is 240 words. There are two schools of ci: one is graceful; Two: uninhibited.

Ci reached its peak in Song Dynasty, declined for more than 300 years in Yuan and Ming Dynasties, and re-entered the development state in Qing Dynasty. In the history of literature, Ci has become a popular literary genre with its unique musical beauty, intricate rhythm, uneven syntax and strong and profound emotional expression.

Ci is a new kind of folk song and poem in the late Tang Dynasty, that is, lyrics. In the late Tang Dynasty, Hu music in the western regions, especially Qiuci music, was introduced into the Central Plains through the Silk Road, and it was merged with the musicians of the Han nationality, giving birth to a new kind of music-Le Yan. There are many tunes of Yanle, including dance music and songs. The lyrics of the song are the ancestors of later lyrics, which were called "Quzi Ci" at that time. Many tunes in Yan music are folk songs, including songs and words, which have different lengths or interlining forms.

The nicknames of words include long and short sentences, songs, lyrics, actions, musical tastes and poems, all accompanied by music. From the music point of view, it is the same literary genre as Yuefu, and it also comes from folk literature. Later, like Yuefu, Ci gradually separated from music and became a unique poetic style, so some people called Ci "poetry".

Second, the format of the text.

1, the name of the word, was added before the word by predecessors. From the prosperous Tang Dynasty to the late Tang Dynasty, ci, tune and topic were basically integrated. By the Northern Song Dynasty, the content of the word was gradually divorced from the tone of the word, and the simple tone of the word was not enough to express the content of the word, so a new title was added. For example, Su Dongpo's "More Leak" (the name of the word), plus "Send Sun Juyuan" to explain why he wrote this word, which is the title of this word.

2. The epigraph is the name of the word format. The format of words is completely different from that of metrical poems: there are only four formats of metrical poems, but there are always more than one thousand formats of words (these formats are called word scores). People can't call them the first class, the second class and so on, so they are given some names. These names are epigrams.

In general, a format is a epigraph. However, because the same format sometimes has several variants, several formats share a epigraph, and sometimes, the same format has several names, because the theme of each word is different, so in this case, there is usually a theme.

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