Tell me about the origin of the city.

The latest archaeological discoveries in the Yangtze River basin and the Yellow River basin show that the primitive tribal site of Lingjiatan in Hanshan, Anhui Province, located in the Yangtze River basin and Chaohu Lake basin is the earliest city in China, about 5,500 years ago. Archaeologists believe that Lingjiatan was a prosperous city in ancient times, with a preliminary scale of aquaculture, animal husbandry and handicrafts, and the primary level of urban planning. Dantu Village, Wulian County, Rizhao City, Shandong Province, has a history of more than 4000 years. From 2 1 century BC to17th century BC, the first slavery dynasty in Chinese history-Xia Dynasty appeared in the Yellow River Basin. According to legend, Yu, the first ruler of Xia Dynasty, built a city at the foot of Songshan Mountain, with Yangcheng as its capital (now southeast of Dengfeng, Henan). The enfeoffment system implemented in Xia Dynasty gradually enabled Hou Feng to have the ability to influence the management of enfeoffment land, and built walls and besieged cities one after another, thus establishing many early cities as ruling centers in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, forming the first climax of city building in China history.

The second climax of urban construction in the history of China occurred in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. According to historical records, there were more than 100 cities at that time, and their distribution extended from the banks of the Yellow River to the south and north. At present, many famous cities in the Yangtze River valley, such as Suzhou (Wu) and Chengdu (Shu), were born in this period. According to historical records, Linzi, the capital of Qi State at that time, had developed commerce and prosperous economy, and the city was composed of two cities, big and small. A big city is an irregular square with a circumference of about 12km. The town is a palace area, located in the southwest corner of the big city, and is rectangular, with a length of about 1.8km from north to south and about 1.23km from east to west. More than 200,000 people and more than 70,000 households.

Academic circles generally divide the development process of ancient cities in China into five periods, namely, Qin and Han Dynasties, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties, Five Dynasties, Song and Yuan Dynasties and Ming and Qing Dynasties (before the Opium War).

(1) After the Qin and Han Dynasties unified China, the whole country implemented the county system. The whole country was divided into 36 counties, and each administrative center developed into cities of different sizes, and a national ruling center-urban system was established from top to bottom. Qin Shihuang strengthened centralization, unified laws, weights and measures, currency and writing, extensively built roads and communicated land transportation. These measures have promoted the rise and development of cities. At the peak of the Qin Dynasty, there were about 800 to 900 cities. Xianyang, the capital with a population of 800,000, was the largest city in the world at that time.

(2) Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties is an important stage of urban development in the early feudal society of China. During this period, the spatial distribution center of the city shifted from the Yellow River basin to the Yangtze River basin, expanding the development axis of the two cities along the Canal and the Yangtze River. During the Eastern Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties, a large number of northern Han people moved south, and the Han regime moved south, which promoted the economic development of the south. Liang Wudi (A.D. 502-548) Jiankang (now Nanjing) has "more than 280,000 households with a total population of over one million", which is the first mega-city with a population of over one million in the history of China capital development and the largest city in the world at that time.

(3) The Sui and Tang Dynasties were a period of rapid development in China. After the unification of China in Sui Dynasty, the canal connecting the north and the south was opened, which strengthened the economic ties between the two places and laid a good foundation for the development of the city. Along the grand canal, a number of cities along the canal have sprung up due to north-south shipping. Huai 'an, Yangzhou, Suzhou and Hangzhou were called "four big cities" at that time.

(4) During the Five Dynasties, Song and Yuan Dynasties, the scale of cities was further expanded, with more than 40 cities and a population of over 6,543.8+10,000. Most of the historical cities in China were laid in this period. The development of ancient cities in China took a major turn in the Northern Song Dynasty. Before the Northern Song Dynasty, the city's "square" and "city" zoning, that is, residential areas and commercial areas were strictly distinguished. During the Northern Song Dynasty, with the development of commodity economy and the increase of population, the boundary between "Fang" and "City" was broken. Kaifeng, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, was the most prosperous city at that time. The capital of the Song Dynasty is located at the intersection of the Yellow River and the Grand Canal.

(5) The Ming and Qing Dynasties (before the Opium War) was the peak period of the development of ancient cities in China, and it was also the period of the transition from ancient cities to modern cities in China. In the Ming Dynasty, there were more than 100 large and medium-sized cities and more than 2,000 small towns in China. Beijing, in particular, was built on a large scale on the basis of the Yuan Dynasty. Become a classic urban construction work in Chinese and foreign history. A number of specialized famous cities appeared in Ming and Qing Dynasties. For example, Jingdezhen, with ceramics as its main industry, had a population of 654.38+million in the Ming Dynasty, which expanded to 654.38+00 Li in Fiona Fang in the early Qing Dynasty. Xu Yang, a painter in the Qing Dynasty, painted a picture of a prosperous time, depicting the bustling market of Tang Lu Road outside Suzhou during the Qianlong period.