Why do poets think of Zhuge Liang and his masterpieces? Please talk about your understanding with the works.

Lu you

When I was a child, I knew that the world was unbearable and the Central Plains looked like a mountain.

It snows in the night, and the iron horse scatters the autumn wind.

Stuck on the Great Wall (4) is empty and self-confessed, and the temples in the mirror have already spotted.

Real name first, who is good for thousands of years.

(1) from "Boshi". This poem was written in the 13th year of Xichun in Song Xiaozong (1 186), and the poet was 6 1 year old. The main purpose is to trace the poet's early ambitions and express his feelings of unfulfilled ambitions.

(2) 【 Qi Mountain 】 Ji Nu Mountain. The poet witnessed that a large area of mountains and rivers in the north was occupied by the Jin people, and the Southern Song Dynasty did not want to recover it, so he made this remark. Anger, sadness and indignation.

(3) This is a detailed description of the two victories five years ago. In the winter of the thirty-first year of Shaoxing, (1 16 1) Jin Zhu led an army south, trying to attack Jiankang (now Nanjing) from Guazhou, which was repelled by Song Jun. In the second year, Song attacked Wuling from the northwest front and recovered the big three passes. Small boats, tall warships. Guazhou, located on the bank of the Yangtze River in the south of Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, is a military fortress. An iron horse, a war horse equipped with armor. The third pass in the southwest of Baoji, Shaanxi Province is also a military stronghold.

(4) 【 plug 】 metaphor can keep the edge of the generals. In the biography of Tan Daoji in the Southern Song Dynasty, Tan Daoji was furious when he tried to kill the famous Tan Daoji: "Bad Wan Li Great Wall!"

The name of [Shi Ming] was passed on to future generations.

This poem was written in the spring of the 13th year of Xiaozong Xichun (1 186), and Lu You retired to Yin Shan's home. He was a 62-year-old man. Starting from the seventh year of Xichun, he was dismissed from office for six years, living in seclusion in his hometown with no title. Until this poem was written, it was put into use to serve doctors in North Korea and know Yanzhou Zhou Jun. Therefore, the content of the poem has the dual feelings of remembering the past and vowing to serve the country again.

The first two sentences of this poem are looking back. The phrase "early years" refers to the first year of Longxing (1 163). Thirty-nine years old, worked as a judge in Zhenjiang for eight years (1 172). He served as Wang Yan's adjutant in Nanzheng for forty-eight years. At that time, he went to the front line against gold, looked north at the Central Plains, withdrew his lofty aspirations and was firm as a mountain. The following two sentences describe two unforgettable experiences: in the first year of Longxing, Zhang Jun, who advocated resisting gold, took the right prime minister as the army commander in Jianghuai and crossed the river between Jiankang and Zhenjiang. The poet is full of hope to win back his native land, and the word "angry as a mountain and river" describes his excitement in that year. But soon, Zhang Junjun was defeated in Liv, and he withdrew from the South awkwardly. He was fired the next year. The poet's wish came to nothing. Recalling the past, how can it not be regrettable! Another thing that impressed the poet was the eight-year history of Avenue. At that time, as an envoy of the Tang Dynasty in Sichuan, Wang Yan actively planned to enter Guanzhong to restore the military deployment of the Central Plains. When Lu You was in the army, he rode on the Wei River one night. Later, he recalled this incident and wrote: "When I was a teenager, I was brave enough to join the army!" Riding a pottery hippo alone. The poem "Holding a Golden Hairpin on Wei Night" ("Rain at the End of the Year"). He visited the front line of the third pass several times. Later, there was a poem "I was on the side of Rong Qing and Weihe River, and I was in front of thieves", "I got on the horse with iron clothes, built on solid ice, and sometimes I didn't eat for three days" ("Thoughts on taking rice and cooking in Jiangbei Village"), which traced back to this fighting life. At that time, looking at the northern Central Plains, it was also heroic. However, in September this year, Wang Yan was transferred back to Lin 'an, and his special envoy in Fu Xuan was also scattered in the government's staff, and the Northern Expedition once again became a bubble. "It snowed all night in the boat, and the autumn wind dispersed in the iron horse." What rich feelings of anger and bitterness are contained in these fourteen words!

The years are not alive, the prime of life is over, the ambition is not paid, and the temples are spotted first. This is what poets who once lived in their hearts lamented day and night. Lu You is not only a poet, but also a conceited strategist. Unfortunately, I have never been able to show my talents in my life. "Don't despise a scholar, but go to Kyle to kill a thief" ("yelling"); It is his eternal wish that "Wan Li will be the pioneer of the king all his life" (reading the art of war at night). It is his lifelong ambition to call himself "on the Great Wall". On the Great Wall, published by Tan Daoji, a biography of Nan Shi. In the Southern Song Dynasty, the emperor heard that Tan Daoji had been killed. Before he died, Tan shouted angrily, "Broken the Great Wall of Wan Li!" Although Lu You was killed unjustly like Tan Dao Ji. However, because of advocating resistance to gold and being relegated for many years, the "Great Wall" can only be an empty expectation. This sense of loss is very different from that of ordinary scribes.

However, Lu You's ambition is not dead, and he is still eager to follow Zhuge Liang's example of "doing his best" and do a great thing to serve the country with Xiang. This kind of volunteer never moves. Even in the second year of the Jubilee (1206), when he was 82 years old, when Han Biaozhou rose up against gold, he was still eager to try.

Book Anger is one of the seven famous sentences of Lu You. The whole poem is full of gloomy feelings and profound charm, which is obviously due to Du Fu. The two couplets are stable to the works, especially the words "shipbuilding" and "iron horse" in the couplets, which are heroic and widely read by people. Such a poem comes from his personal experience and is full of his understanding of political life, which is incomparable to those arrogant works.