Is it complicated to grow ginger in the open air? How to plant it?

There are two planting modes of ginger: open cultivation and protected cultivation. Generally speaking, the management of open farming is relatively simple because of less investment. So how to cultivate ginger in the open air to achieve scientific and efficient cultivation? Today we will talk about the planting process of open-air ginger.

First, choose ginger seeds.

There are many varieties of ginger, and there are great differences in different regions. Therefore, according to the local actual situation, we should choose excellent varieties suitable for planting in this area and with large market demand. If the choice of planting ginger is not good, there will be problems such as uneven emergence and weak growth, which will affect the yield and quality.

When choosing the type of ginger, we should choose healthy ginger slices with rich fat, bright color, tender meat, no shrinkage, no rot, no freezing, hard texture and no pests and diseases as the type of ginger.

Second, cultivate strong buds.

Cultivating strong seedlings is the basis of ginger harvest. From the external morphology, strong buds are thick, blunt, round and weak, with slender body and slender buds. The strength of seed buds of ginger is related to the nutritional status of ginger and the position of seed buds.

1, factors affecting strong seedlings

Nutritional status of planting ginger: Under normal circumstances, the newly grown ginger buds are more fat for those who plant ginger vigorously and brightly; Ginger is dry and thin, and most of the new ginger buds are thin. Location of seed buds: Affected by apical dominance, the upper buds and lateral buds of ginger are mostly fat; Most of the basal buds and intermediate buds are thinner. Temperature and humidity for accelerating germination: The suitable temperature for accelerating germination is 22℃~25℃, and the germinated buds are robust within this temperature range. When the temperature is above 30℃ or below 20℃, the newly grown buds are slender. When the humidity is too low or too high during germination, the seed buds are easy to lose weight. 2, the method of cultivating strong buds

Cultivating strong buds is an important link in ginger planting, which usually includes three steps: dried ginger, trapped ginger and accelerated germination.

(1) dried ginger

Take out ginger seeds about 30 days before sowing, wash the soil, and lay them flat on outdoor open space or straw mat to dry 1~2 days. The main purpose of drying seeds is to increase the temperature of ginger, break the dormancy state, promote the early germination of seeds, reduce the moisture of ginger and prevent rot. Dried ginger can also distinguish ginger varieties with obvious symptoms and eliminate them in time. In the process of drying ginger, we should pay attention to putting ginger seeds indoors at night to prevent freezing injury. If the sunshine is strong when drying ginger, you can use a sunshade net or a summer mat to shade the sun.

(2) trapped ginger

After the ginger slices are dried, they are placed indoors for 3-4 days, covered with straw curtains or agricultural films, and the ginger is intercepted to promote the decomposition of nutrients in the ginger slices. Repeat the operation of drying and trapping ginger for 2~3 times to accelerate germination.

(3) accelerating germination

By accelerating germination, the tender buds germinate in advance, and the sprouted ginger field emerges quickly and neatly, which prolongs the growth period of ginger to a certain extent, so accelerating germination is a very important measure to increase production. In different planting areas in China, there are many methods to accelerate germination, such as indoor germination pool, outdoor heating bed, smoking bed, sunshine bed, greenhouse, electric blanket and so on. Different planting areas should be used flexibly according to local actual conditions.

No matter which method is used to accelerate germination, the most important thing is to control the temperature. That is, changing temperature promotes germination, and high temperature in the early stage promotes germination (the suitable temperature is 28℃ ~ 30℃); Moderate temperature in the middle stage promotes bud growth; When the bud length is close to 0.5 cm, the temperature should be controlled at 25℃~28℃ to facilitate the formation of short and thick buds. In the late stage of low-temperature bud grinding, when the bud length is about 1 cm, the temperature is controlled at 16℃~ 18℃ for bud grinding.

Thirdly, soil preparation and base fertilizer application.

After the ginger field is selected, after the previous crop is harvested, autumn ploughing and drying are carried out. After thawing in the second year, base fertilizer should be applied at the same time as harrowing. It is suggested to apply 3000㎏ decomposed organic fertilizer, 50㎏ calcium superphosphate and 50 ㎏ potassium sulfate per mu for medium fertility soil. At the same time, 3% phoxim granule 2㎏ mixed soil 12~ 15㎏ was evenly spread per mu to prevent the occurrence of underground soil-borne diseases.

Fourth, sow seeds.

1, the choice of sowing date

Sowing should be carried out when the soil temperature in the plough layer is stable at 16℃, and it is generally in the middle and late April in northern China to ensure that the growth period of ginger is 135~ 150 days.

2. Crush ginger seeds.

Break the pre-germinated ginger seeds into small pieces, ensure that each piece retains 65,438+0 short and strong buds, and all other young buds are removed, so as to facilitate the centralized supply of nutrients to the left main bud. At the same time, in the process of crushing ginger seeds, it is found that the base of young buds is black or the cross section of crushed ginger pieces is brown, which should also be removed.

Step 3 soak the seeds

Seed soaking is to soak seeds with chemicals, then dry them and then soak them with plant growth regulators.

Chemical soaking: In order to prevent ginger seeds from carrying bacteria, ginger seeds should be disinfected before sowing. Disinfectants include Bordeaux solution, formaldehyde, plant ash, calcium copper sulfate, etc. You can choose a method for seed soaking according to the actual situation. Seed soaking with plant growth regulator: Before sowing, soak the broken seed blocks in ethephon solution for 15 minutes to promote plant branching, enhance growth and increase yield. Step 4 do border planting

Whether you need to make a bed before sowing varies from region to region. Trench sowing is mostly used in the north, and high ridge cultivation is mostly used in the south and the Yangtze River basin.

Northern region: Trenching shall be carried out in the completed plot, with trench spacing of 50 cm, trench width of 25 cm and trench depth of 15~20 cm. Southern China: Because of the heavy rainfall, high border cultivation is often used. Ridge width 1.2m, ditch width 30cm, and depth about 20cm. 3-4 rows of ginger seeds. Press ginger seeds into the soil according to the plant spacing of about 20 cm, so that the ginger buds are consistent with the soil surface. Generally, in the field with moderate fertility, the row spacing is 50 cm, the plant spacing is 17 cm, and about 8000 plants are planted per mu.

Step 6 cover the soil

In order to prevent sunburn of ginger buds, ginger pieces and ginger buds should be covered with fine wet soil immediately after sowing. Generally, the soil thickness should be 4~5 cm, not too thick, otherwise it will affect the emergence of seedlings, and not too thin to avoid drying.

7. Plastic film covering

After sowing and covering the soil with ginger, herbicide should be sprayed first, then covered with plastic film, and the ground should be kept wet after spraying; Then cover it with plastic film. Generally, a piece of plastic film can cover two rows, and the covered plastic film should be tightened and compacted. When ginger seedlings grow to 1~2 cm, the film above the seedlings should be cut off in time, and fine soil should be covered around the seedling holes to keep warm and moist.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) field management of ginger

The field management of ginger mainly includes shading, water management, fertilization management, intertillage weeding and soil cultivation.

1, shading

Ginger is a negative-tolerant crop, not resistant to strong light and high temperature. Ginger seedling is in the high temperature period in summer, so shading operation must be carried out.

There are various shading methods, but no matter which shading method is adopted, 60%~70% shading is needed to make Jomally grow in a flower-shaded environment. What are the main shading methods in northern China? Jiang Cao? And it is used more in the south? Building a ginger shed? The way of shade.

At present, materials such as sunshade nets are gradually used for sunshade in Jiangmiao Temple, and the performance effect is good.

2. Water management

Ginger is not drought-tolerant and needs to be watered frequently, but it is not waterlogged. Too much watering can easily lead to ginger blight, so it needs reasonable watering.

Water management in germination stage: when the emergence rate reaches 70%, water is poured for the first time, and then intertillage in time to preserve moisture. It is not advisable to water too much in this period to increase the ground temperature and promote early emergence. Water management at seedling stage: Because the root system at seedling stage is still weak, it is necessary to water it frequently with small water, cultivate it in time and preserve moisture. The watering time is suitable in the morning and evening in summer, and the drainage should be timely in case of rainy weather. Water management in vigorous growth period: After beginning of autumn, plants entered vigorous growth period and needed a lot of water. Generally, water should be poured once every 5~7 days, with the principle of deep pouring, thorough pouring and no water accumulation. When the rain increases after autumn, it should be drained in time to prevent ginger from rotting due to accumulated water. Water can be poured again 3~4 days before harvesting, which is beneficial to the wet ginger slices at the time of receiving and to the cellar storage. 3. Fertilization management

Because ginger has a long growth period, it likes fat. In different growth periods, topdressing should be done in time according to the growth of ginger.

Topdressing at seedling stage (1)

Ginger plants need little fertilizer at seedling stage, but the seedling growth period is long. In order to make the seedlings grow healthily, the first topdressing was carried out when the seedlings grew to 30 cm high and had 1~2 small branches. 500㎏, urea 10㎏ and ammonium sulfate 15 ~ 20kg can be applied with water per mu.

(2) Top dressing in vigorous growth period

From the end of July to the beginning of August, the plant enters the vigorous growth period, and at this time, it should be combined with weeding or uncovering plastic film for the second topdressing. After weeding, a deep ditch was dug in the north (east-west direction) or east (north-south direction) of Jianggou, about 15 cm away from the plant base. After applying fertilizer into the ditch, cover the ditch with soil, seal the ditch and cultivate the ridge, so that the original planting ditch where the ginger plants grow becomes a ridge, and the original ridge becomes a ditch, and finally water it. Apply cake fertilizer 75㎏, urea 30㎏, potassium sulfate 10㎏, zinc sulfate 0.5㎏ and borax 0.25㎏ per mu.

In mid-September, when there are 6-8 seedlings, the rhizome is rapidly expanding, and the third topdressing can be carried out. Apply ammonium sulfate 10~ 15㎏, potassium sulfate 15~20㎏ or compound fertilizer 25㎏ per mu.

Ginger fertilization should not be too heavy before fertilization, otherwise it will easily lead to weak growth of ginger seedlings, late fertilization, premature senescence of plants and reduced yield.

4, intertillage weeding

There is a proverb called. Nine hoes for cotton and ten hoes for ginger? This shows the importance of intertillage weeding. In practice, irrigation, fertilization and soil cultivation are generally combined, and 1~2 times a month is cultivated to loosen the soil and promote the growth and development of rhizomes.

Step 5 raise the soil

In order to prevent the rhizome of ginger from being exposed during the swelling period, it is necessary to cultivate the soil in stages.

Northern planting area: Generally, before and after beginning of autumn, the soil should be first cultivated and the second topdressing should be carried out, with a thickness of 3-6 cm. The soil on the back of the original ridge is cultivated at the base of the plant, and the ditch is changed into a ridge. After that, every 15~20 days, combined with water topdressing, the ridge surface was gradually widened and thickened for the second and third time. Southern planting area: generally from summer to Sunday, 1~4 times of soil cultivation combined with intertillage, weeding and topdressing. If the tender ginger is harvested, raise the soil a little to soften it; If you collect dried ginger, you should shallow the soil to make the roots strong. Be careful not to hurt the roots and seedlings every time you cultivate the soil. For many years, the cultivation of ginger is mainly based on the experience of predecessors. However, if we can change some traditional production methods, strengthen pest control and realize standardized planting of ginger, it is very possible to obtain a yield of 5000㎏ per mu, and the planting benefit will be greatly improved.