Comprehensive evaluation of Li Shimin

Li Shimin was the second emperor of the Tang Dynasty. His name means "helping the world and people". Han nationality, Longxi native, politician, strategist, calligrapher, poet, Zhao County native. After he became emperor, he actively listened to the opinions of ministers and worked hard to learn how to govern the world. There is an idiom called "Listening to others is bright, but listening to others is dark", which means that he successfully transformed into one of the most famous politicians and wise kings in the history of China. Emperor Taizong initiated the "rule of chastity" in history. After actively eliminating the separatist forces in various places, Chabr was modest, and food was the first thing for the people, which finally made the society peaceful and peaceful. It laid an important foundation for the prosperity of the Kaiyuan period and pushed the traditional Chinese agricultural society to the peak. Controversial evaluation

As we all know, Li Shimin is a person. No one is perfect, everyone makes mistakes. In the later period of Zhenguan, Emperor Taizong began to have some changes, first reflected in Shangshu. In the tenth year of Zhenguan (636), Wei Zhi found that he "spoke frankly, which was the beginning of some mistakes made by Emperor Taizong.

First, to conquer Goguryeo, some people think it was a wrong move, which was necessary and needed according to the situation at that time. First, Goguryeo is responsible for waging war. Goguryeo brazenly attacked Silla, a vassal state of the Tang Dynasty, and provoked war. In order to maintain his authority, Tang needed to wage war to protect the interests of his vassal States. Second, in the war, Tang Jun is just and human, which is also an external condition to ensure that Tang Jun has little loss. All the cities captured by Tang Jun supported Tang Jun, but in order to maintain justice and humanization, it led to local stability and prolonged the war period. Third, Tang Jun's retreat and the subsequent war fully reflected Li Shimin's mind and superb strategic thinking. Tang Jun wiped out hundreds of thousands of people in Koguryo with a loss of 2,000 people, which is rare throughout the ages. When retreating, the enemy rarely bows to the city wall. Tang Jun's military harassment and political blockade in the later period made Goguryeo's strength go from bad to worse, and finally Gaozong eliminated Goguryeo.

Luxury goods have also increased significantly. In the sixteenth year of Zhenguan, Emperor Taizong wrote that the things used by the prince should not be restricted by other organs, resulting in serious waste of the prince. Emperor Taizong himself began to build palaces. In the eleventh year of Zhenguan, Feishan Palace was built in Luoyang, the eastern capital, and Cuiwei Palace was built in the twenty-first year. These made Emperor Taizong less diligent in his later years.

Another big mistake is to participate in the "Ju Zhu" written by historians. This is dedicated to the emperor's daily life and his remarks on state affairs. The emperor has no right to interfere. This is a traditional tradition. Emperors have never read it, and respect the authority and status of historians. Historical Records is also a fair and decent book, never hiding anything, never afraid of the emperor's revenge. However, Emperor Taizong, a famous monarch, made a considerable historical mistake, which affected the impartiality of historians. Of course, there is no complete evidence to prove that Tang Taizong distorted history in a large number. At the same time, not only Emperor Taizong, but also hundreds of historians such as Dong Hu, Chen Shou and Taishi since the Spring and Autumn Period, not to mention the literary inquisition in the Qing Dynasty. Besides, Xu doesn't like it, which shows that the history of the early Tang Dynasty should be credible.

In the early years of Zhenguan, Emperor Taizong demanded land and materials from obedient nomadic tribes in the north, regardless of the dissuasion of ministers Wei Zhi and Li Daliang. As a result, these tribes became more and more hungry after enjoying the benefits of the Tang Dynasty and simply rebelled.

Later, Emperor Taizong himself reviewed: "The people of China are the foundation of the world, and the people of the four barbarians are the same branches and leaves. They are disturbed by their dense branches and leaves. They seek a long-term sense of security, but they have nothing. " At first, I didn't accept Kevin·Z's statement, so I felt very tired. I lost my calm for a long time. "

In the 20th year of Zhenguan (646), when he came back from Liaodong Campaign, Emperor Taizong fell ill and nursed back to health, and began to take Jinshi Dan medicine refined by alchemists. In the past, Emperor Taizong once laughed at Qin Huang Hanwu's infatuation with alchemy and seeking pills, but now he himself can't help falling into it. In the twenty-first year of Zhenguan (647), Emperor Taizong suffered from "wind disease" again. He was irritable and afraid of heat, so he had the Cuiwei Palace at the peak of Mount Li built. The next year, he sent someone from Tianzhu to find the sleep of Fangshiluona, and his condition deteriorated. In the 23rd year of Zhenguan (649), he died in Hanfengtang on May 26th (10 July) at the age of 52.