Comments on the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895.

The end of the Sino-Japanese War was unexpected by the Qing government. Japan's complete victory in the war was also unexpected by European and American countries. The historical influence of the Sino-Japanese War is enormous.

Sino-Japanese War and the Historical Trend of China and Japan

China was at the end of feudal society in Qing Dynasty, and faced the challenge of western capitalist powers, it was completely at a disadvantage. In international affairs, the ruling and opposition parties are incompetent, the internal affairs are chaotic, the compensation pressure is heavy, economic growth is weak, corruption is prevalent, military equipment is not prosperous, and people's morale is not high. In this situation, it is inevitable to defeat Japan, a small developing capitalist country.

From the course of modern China, we can see the influence of the failure of the Sino-Japanese War. China's Treasure Island, Taiwan Province Province and Penghu Islands were ceded to Japan in the treaty of shimonoseki. The Qing government was forced to pay 230 million taels of compensation for the silver war, so it had to reluctantly launch three large loans to European and American banking groups, and China was firmly tied to European, American and Japanese debt bills.

The victory of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 brought great stimulus to Japan's ambition. The compensation paid by China to Japan was a huge income that Japan couldn't even think about at that time. Noue Kaoru, the Japanese cabinet minister, said that seeing such great wealth.

Rolling in, "both the government and the private sector feel very rich." Nearly 270 million yen of this huge sum was transferred to temporary military expenditure and military expansion expenditure, which was used to expand military expenditures such as the navy and the army and expand the military industrial base.

Large steel mills like Hachiba Steel Works (which belongs to Nippon Steel today) only cost 580,000 yen. At the same time, it also raised 50 million yen as a reserve and established the gold standard system, which laid the foundation for the development of capitalist economy.

The foundation of. It was on this basis that Japan won the war against Russia in 1905. It was this foundation that became Japan's mainland policy and launched the September 18th Incident of 193 1, 1937.

1998 launched the July 7th Incident in an attempt to destroy the cornerstone of China. The First Sino-Japanese War (Sino-Japanese War) and the Second Sino-Japanese War brought endless sufferings to the people of China.

The Sino-Japanese War changed the world pattern.

1894- 1895 The unexpected outcome of the Sino-Japanese War stimulated the imperialist powers to increase their appetite for invading China. Seeing that Japan, a small country just emerging in the East, defeated China, the European and American powers thought that the giant of the East was already lying on the couch of death, and it was time to carve up the giant's "heritage", so they successively occupied the leased land in China, divided their spheres of influence, seized the right to mines and roads, and controlled the economic lifeline of China. In fact, China nominally maintained its independent status, but it was in a state of semi-partition.

After the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, the suzerain-vassal relationship system established between China and neighboring countries in Asia completely collapsed, and the colonial system replaced the suzerain-vassal relationship system in Asia. The far east and the international situation have changed. Far East (including

China and North Korea) have since become the focus of attention of European, American, Japanese and other powers. Since then, Eight-Nation Alliance (in which Japan sent the most troops) has invaded China, World War I (Japan declared war on Germany and attacked and occupied Shandong, China), Paris Peace Conference, Washington Conference and the Nine-Nation Convention, Lipton Fact-Finding Mission, World War II (War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression Battlefield, China, the main battlefield in the East of World War II), Pacific War (60 1099) and Cairo Conference. It is no exaggeration to say that the Sino-Japanese War changed the world pattern.

The Sino-Japanese War awakened the Chinese nation.

The failure of the Sino-Japanese War not only dealt a heavy blow to China, but also gave the Chinese nation a fierce warning. China can't be static, it should be changed. 1894 165438+ October was the defeat of Pyongyang and the Yellow Sea.

After the failure of the Anti-Japanese War, Sun Yat-sen and others initiated the establishment of the Xing Zhong Hui in Hawaii, put forward the idea of overthrowing the Qing Dynasty, and issued the call for rejuvenating China for the first time. The Reform Movement of 1898 led by Kang Youwei also started from opposing the signing of treaty of shimonoseki. strict

Fu first put forward the slogan of "saving the country" in Tianjin newspapers and periodicals. Since then, "saving the country" has become the central slogan of all patriots.

After the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, the two forces of revolution and reform became the main forces to promote China's reform, which can be said to be the real beginning of China's old democratic revolution.

The awakening of the Chinese nation also shows that the process of consciously learning from the West has begun. 1896, the first batch of 13 international students went to Japan because of the stimulation of the Sino-Japanese War. Japan 1905 defeated Russia,

To the surprise of Japanese intellectuals, the number of China students who poured into China this year suddenly reached 8,000 to 1 10,000. These young international students put down their contempt for Japan and wanted to see how Japan is self-sufficient.

Strong, how can Japan learn from the West and what can China learn from it? Wu, a young man studying in Japan, wrote: "East Asia is a storm, the mainland is sinking, and the East is full of ambition. For the prosperity of the country and Qiang Bing, I must endure my wife's feelings. " This is the mood.

Many revolutionaries during China's democratic revolution were students studying in Japan (including the early leaders of China Kuomintang and China's * * * production party). They learned in Japan that to learn from the West and change China, only revolutionary means can save China. Marxist theory was originally brought back to China by students studying in Japan. Since then, the revolution of social transformation in China itself has become irreversible.

Japan was carried away by the victory of the Sino-Japanese War, and did not understand that China in the Second Sino-Japanese War was not China in the First Sino-Japanese War. The awakening of the people of China is a decisive condition. The Kuomintang and the Communist Party established an anti-Japanese United front in China, and the China Producer Party played a mainstay role in the anti-Japanese war, all of which were manifestations of this awakening.