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Let's talk about history together

The Xia Dynasty (about 2 146 BC-0/675 BC) began and eventually became Jie Di, *** 17 years. In the summer, private ownership began to appear, and the demise system of clan society came to an end and was replaced by hereditary system. Society developed from primitive society to slave society. Xia dynasty's surname.

At the end of the Xia Dynasty, the internal affairs of the Xia royal family were not repaired, foreign invasion continued, and class contradictions became increasingly acute. Seeing that the time was ripe to attack valerian, Shang Tang called for the "mandate of heaven" and asked everyone to make an all-out attack and carry out God's will. In the Battle of Mingtiao, Shang Tang's army defeated the other army, and Jie escaped and died in the South Nest, and the Xia Dynasty perished.

Due to the lack of historical materials of the Xia Dynasty, many people doubt whether there was a Xia Dynasty in history. However, the lineage of Xia Dynasty recorded in Historical Records Xia Benji is as clear as that of Shang Dynasty recorded in Yin Benji, and Oracle Bone Inscriptions unearthed in Anyang Yin Ruins also confirmed the lineage of Shang Dynasty. In this way, on the basis of archaeologists' further understanding of the material and cultural remains of Shang Dynasty, such as Yin Ruins in Anyang and Zhengzhou Shopping Mall, etc. Put forward the research topic of Xia culture exploration, hoping to find the material and cultural remains of Xia dynasty through archaeological means, and then restore the history of Xia dynasty.

According to documents, ancient historians suggest that Xia people may have lived in two areas: one is Dengfeng, Yuxian and Luoyang Plain near Songshan Mountain in western Henan; One is the lower reaches of Fenshui River in the south of Shanxi.

Yu Xia

begin

Taikang

Zhong Kang

mutually

Shao Kang

reed

China Scholar Tree

Chinese silvergrass

Release; Emissions; issue

Watch out for falling.

bolt

cottage

Kongjia

Waterfront highland

hair

cruel

Shang Dynasty (about 1600- 1046) is a dynasty after Xia Dynasty in China history. In the summer of about 1600 BC, Shang Tang, the leader of the Shang tribe, was established, and the Shang Dynasty experienced 3 17 kings. More than 500 years later, it was destroyed by Zhou Wuwang before104665438+1October 20th.

Western scholars generally believe that Xia Dynasty is just a legendary dynasty in China, and there is no conclusive evidence to prove the existence of Xia Dynasty in history, so the first dynasty in China should be Shang Dynasty. Moreover, according to their civilization standards, the history of China's civilization can only be counted from Pan Geng to the Shang Dynasty at most, that is to say, the history of China's civilization is actually only 3,000 years, not 5,000 years as China scholars said. However, it should be pointed out that before the ruins of Yin Ruins were discovered in the first half of the 20th century, these scholars thought that Shang Dynasty was just a legendary dynasty. Oracle Bone Inscriptions unearthed in Yin Ruins almost completely confirmed the lineage of Wang Shang recorded in Sima Qian's Historical Records, making the existence of Shang Dynasty an indisputable fact, and no scholars are skeptical about it now. The archaeological achievements of Erlitou culture in Yanshi provide evidence for the existence of Xia Dynasty. In the non-Central Plains region, which is generally regarded as a barbarian land, Sanxingdui culture, centered on Chengdu and Guanghan and famous for its bronzes, has also created a high civilization no less than that of the Shang Dynasty in the Central Plains 4000 years ago.

At the end of the Xia dynasty, the internal affairs of the Xia royal family were not repaired, and foreign invasions continued. After Jie ascended the throne, he didn't think about reform, and he was arrogant and extravagant. The four princes betrayed each other one after another. Around 1600 BC, Tang, the leader of the Shang tribe, joined forces with other tribes to destroy the Xia Dynasty and established the Shang Dynasty. The capital of Shang Dynasty was in Bo (now Shangqiu, Henan Province). After the demise of Xia Dynasty, the capital moved west and was still called Bo (now Yanshi, Henan Province).

After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Shang Tang adopted the policy of "forgiving the people and governing the people", and with the assistance of sages Yi Yin and Zhong, its national strength became stronger and stronger. After Shang Tang's death, because his son Dading died early, Dading's brother Vaic succeeded him. After the death of Waic, his brother Zhong Ren succeeded to the throne; After Zhong Ren's death, Tai Jia, the son of Dading, succeeded to the throne. Tai Jia ascended the throne for three years, and was put into the children's palace by Yi Yin because of his tyranny. Tai Jia lived in Tonggong for three years, repented and blamed himself, and Yi Yin welcomed Tai Jia back to his office. Later, the powerful minister deposed the emperor and told him to "do the things of Yi Yin Huo Guang".

In the early Shang dynasty, the capital was moved many times. When Pan Geng was in office, he made his capital in Yin (now Anyang, Henan) and settled down. From then on, Shang Dynasty was also called Yin Dynasty. After Pan Geng moved to Yin, the social economy of Shang Dynasty developed further. It was not until Wu Ding ascended the throne that the Shang Dynasty came out to crusade, conquered many small countries around it, expanded its territory and reached its peak.

After Wu Ding's death, the Shang Dynasty gradually declined. Di Xin (Shang Zhouwang), the last king of Shang Dynasty, greatly promoted the development of southeast China and the economic and cultural exchanges between Huaihe River Basin and Yangtze River Basin. However, due to years of war, the large-scale construction of Gong Qiong Yao Tai has greatly consumed social manpower and material resources and intensified social contradictions. Zhou Wuwang joined forces with Qiang, Kuai, Lu and other tribes and fought against * * * until it reached Chao Ge (now Qixian County, Hebi City, Henan Province). The slaves, unwilling to work for the dissolute Zhou Wang, defected one after another. After the Battle of Makino, Zhou Wang set himself on fire and the Shang Dynasty perished.

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