Freshwater fish common sense

Freshwater fish refers to fish that can live in fresh water with salinity of three thousandths. In a narrow sense, it refers to fish that have only "juvenile stage" or "adult stage" in some stages of their life history, or must spend their whole lives in fresh water areas. The following are pictures and text descriptions of freshwater fish to teach you the most common freshwater fish in your life.

Carp (lǐ yú) fish, also known as carp muscle extension, carp seed and Russian hair in Chinese. A thick brown fish of CYPRINIDAE (CYPRINIDAE), whose scientific name is carp. Originated in Asia, introduced to Europe, North America and other regions, omnivorous. They have huge scales and two beards on each side of the upper palate. They live alone or in groups in ponds, lakes and rivers, and their bottoms are calm and covered with grass. There are migration habits in places with small waters. Chinese name: carp, alias: carp abduction and carp seed.

Grass carp (c?oyú) belongs to CYPRINIDAE, CYPRINIDAE and CYPRINIDAE. ? ? ? Yake. The common names of grass carp are: pomfret, pomfret, pomfret, grass pomfret, pomfret, grass carp, grass root (northeast), coarse fingered fish (southern Shandong), sea pomfret (south), hybrid, black herring and so on. English name: Grass carp. Rivers and lakes inhabiting plain areas generally prefer to live in the middle and lower layers of water and coastal areas with more aquatic plants. Sexually active, swimming fast, often foraging in groups. It is a typical herbivorous fish. Grass carp eat larvae, algae, etc. In the juvenile stage, grass carp also eat some carnivorous foods, such as earthworms and dragonflies. Overwintering in the deep water of mainstream or lake. Parent fish have the habit of swimming against the current during the breeding season. It has been transplanted to many countries in Asia, Europe, America and Africa. Because of its rapid growth and wide sources of feed, it is one of the four largest freshwater fish in China. Grass carp, Cyprinidae. The body is slender, sub-cylindrical, and the body length is more than1m. The body is bluish yellow. The head is wide and flat, and the mouth end position is unnecessary. Pharyngeal tooth comb. It lives in the middle and lower layers of water and feeds on aquatic plants. Mature at 3-4 years old, spawning in the upper reaches of rivers, which can be artificially propagated. It grows fast, and the largest individual is about 30kg. It is the main freshwater fish culture object in China. Distributed in major water systems in China, the meat is delicious and the fish gall is toxic. Chinese name: grass carp Latin scientific name: Ctenopharyngodon idellus, alias: pomfret, pomfret, pomfret, grass carp, Qing Wu, grass bud, grass root (northeast), hybrid.

LuósοqοONG, the scientific name of herring, is a vertebrate of CYPRINIDAE, which is distributed all over the country. There are many lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, which is one of the "four major fish" in freshwater aquaculture in China. Chinese name: Luo Qing's life habit: He lives in the middle and lower layers of water and generally does not swim to the surface. Because it can adapt to various places, with good meat quality, fast growth and large size, it is an economic fish, so it is the main breeding object in lakes and ponds, and there are also many herrings in the West Lake. Black herring has a simple diet, likes to eat soft snails, shellfish and other foods, and belongs to carnivorous fish. Therefore, black herring is also the best of the "four big fish", and its meat is particularly fresh and tender.

Bighead carp (yūng yú) is also called silver carp, chub head fish, Baotou fish, bighead carp, black silver carp, silver carp and male fish. It is a freshwater fish. Known as the "underwater scavenger", it is one of the four major fish in China. It looks like a silver carp with a flat body. The head is big and wide, and the mouth is wide and slightly upturned. The eye position is relatively low. Bighead carp grows in freshwater lakes, rivers, reservoirs and ponds. Most of them are distributed in the upper and middle waters. This is a kind of fish unique to China. It is widely distributed in China. It is one of the main objects of pond culture and reservoir fishery, and has high economic value. It is edible and has the effects of improving IQ, enhancing memory, supplementing nutrition and delaying aging. Chinese name: bighead carp Latin scientific name: bighead carp alias: silver carp, silver carp, bighead carp and black carp.

Silver carp (lián yú), also known as silver carp, silver carp and silver carp, belongs to CYPRINIDAE and is one of the four famous fish. The figure is flat on the side, slightly tall, spindle-shaped, with blue-gray back and white sides and abdomen. The head is bigger. Eye position is very low. The balance is fine. The central horny edge of the abdomen extends from below the pectoral fin to the anus. The pectoral fin does not exceed the base of the ventral fin. Fins are gray. The shape is similar to that of bighead carp, and silver carp is impatient and good at jumping. Silver carp is a large freshwater fish raised artificially, which grows fast, has few diseases and high yield, and is mostly mixed with grass carp and carp. Its meat is tender and nutritious, and it is one of the excellent fish species suitable for breeding. It is one of the main freshwater cultured fish in China. Distributed in major water systems throughout the country. Chinese name: silver carp Latin scientific name: silver carp, alias: silver carp, silver carp, silver carp, silver carp.

Carassius auratus (scientific name: Carassius auratus) and its common name: Carassius auratus, Carassius auratus, Carassius auratus, Carassius auratus, Carassius auratus, Carassius auratus, Carassius auratus, Carassius auratus, Carassius auratus, Carassius auratus, Carassius auratus, Carassius auratus, Carassius auratus, Carassius auratus, Carassius auratus, Carassius auratus, Carassius auratus, Carassius auratus, Carassius auratus It likes to live in groups and choose food. The meat is tender and has high nutritional value. Every100g of meat contains protein13g, fat 1 1 g, and contains a lot of minerals such as calcium, phosphorus and iron. Carassius auratus has high medicinal value, and is flat and sweet. Entering the stomach and kidney has the effects of harmonizing middle energizer, tonifying deficiency, removing phlegm, warming stomach and nourishing middle energizer. Crucian carp is widely distributed and produced all over the country all year round, especially in February-April and August-65438+February. It is one of the important edible fish in China. [1] The maximum length is about 30cm, and the habitat depth is 0-20m. It is a non-toxic, economical and edible fish with high quality and low price. It is mostly produced in the Yellow River basin, the Yangtze River basin and the Pearl River basin, among which Erhai crucian carp is the most famous. Chinese name: Carassius auratus Latin scientific name: saury

Biān yú (scientific name: Parabramis pekinensis), also known as bream, also known as bream, bream flower and bream; In ancient times, it was called "emerging" or "shrinking head". In China, bream is also the general name of bream and bream (Wuchang fish). With a body length of about 40 cm, it is more suitable for living in still water. Mainly distributed in medium-sized lakes attached to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China. Rapid growth, strong adaptability and wide eating habits. Because of its tender meat and delicious taste, it is one of the main freshwater cultured fish in China. Chinese name: bream; Latin scientific name: Parabramis pekinensis alias: bream, bream flower, bream, bream, bream.

Wuchang fish (scientific name: Megalobrama amblycephala), Cyprinidae, turbot. In 1950s, more than 30 researchers, such as Yi Bolu from the Institute of Aquatic Sciences, China Academy of Sciences, discovered a kind of bream in Liangzi Lake that had not been found in previous literature. He named it Megalobrama amblycephala, commonly known as Wuchang fish Body length 165 ~ 456 mm, flat height on the side of the body, rhombic shape, mouth in the end position, wide mouth crack, arc shape and bluish gray body. Medium-sized lakes mainly distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. More suitable for still water life. Wuchang fish is rich in nutrition, which can be eaten by ordinary people and is suitable for all ages. Chinese name: Wuchang fish Latin scientific name: Megalobrama amblycephala alias: Megalobrama amblycephala, Megalobrama amblycephala.

Carassius auratus (jǐn jì) is a close relative of Carassius auratus, and it is the same color as koi fish, so it is called Carassius auratus. Crucian carp, also known as grass goldfish, is a kind of fish. Only grass goldfish often refers to red and orange, which is the ancestor of goldfish, or the most primitive goldfish species. Chinese name: crucian carp

Koi fish (j ǐ n l ǐ) belongs to CYPRINIDAE in biology, with more than 3,700 species in the world. It is a kind of advanced ornamental fish popular in the world today. It has the reputation of "living gem in water" and "swimming art". Chinese name: koi fish Latin scientific name: Cyprinus carpio, alias: red carp back.

Scientific name of Duckbill Fish: American paddlefish (also known as Duckbill Sturgeon) is a large freshwater economic fish belonging to Acipenseriformes. It is a rare sturgeon, which lived on the earth 300 million years ago (that is, during the dinosaur period) and survived. It is one of only two kinds of multi-toothed animals in the world. It belongs to Chinese sturgeon, Chinese sturgeon and Chinese sturgeon in the Yangtze River waters. Duckbill fish has strong adaptability, rapid growth, docile temperament and short food chain, and is the only fish that feeds on zooplankton among all sturgeons. Its bait source is wide, easy to raise and catch, and it is suitable for breeding in reservoirs, lakes and ponds. Chinese name: Duckbill Fish Latin scientific name: Duckbill Fish

The flower bone fish is long, and the starting point of dorsal fin is obviously raised. The abdomen is round, the side back is bluish brown, the abdomen is white, there are some black spots on the side axis, the kiss is round and blunt, the mouth is horseshoe-shaped, the mouth has a pair of whiskers and the eyes are prominent. Chinese Name: Floral Fishbone Latin Scientific Name: Introduction to Floral Fishbone, which belongs to Cyprinidae, Sardininae, commonly known as Yu Ji, Ji Lang and Jicoo Lang.

Saurogobio dabryi belongs to the genus Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae, Saxosubfinae and Saxocara. Commonly known as: ship nail, poplar fish, ship nail, coffin nail, sand cone. English name: Longnose gudgeon Chinese scientific name: Serpentine alias: Saurogobio dabryi has a slender body, a slightly cylindrical shape, a slightly raised back, a slightly flat abdomen and a slightly flat tail handle. The head is longer than the body height. The kiss is prominent and the nostrils are concave. Lower mouth, horseshoe shape. The lip has obvious mastoid development, and the trailing edge of the lower lip is free. The upper and lower lip sulcus are connected, and the upper lip sulcus is deeper. The corner of the mouth must be 1 pair, and its length is less than the eye diameter. Eyes are bigger. There are no spines on the dorsal fin. The lateral line is complete and straight. The back and upper body are bluish gray, and the abdomen is grayish white. There is a light black longitudinal band along the axis of the body, with 13- 14 inconspicuous black spots. 4-5 black spots are faintly visible on the midline of the back. The edges of pectoral fin, ventral fin and gill cover are yellow; The dorsal fin, gluteal fin and caudal fin are grayish white. Serpentine is a small fish in the middle and lower layers that inhabit rivers and lakes, and likes to live in the bottom of slow water and fine sand. Generally enter the Great Lakes for fattening in summer, mainly feeding on aquatic insects or copepods, and also eating a small amount of aquatic plants or algae. Female fish generally reach sexual maturity, with a body length of 10.6 cm, and the breeding season is from April to June, producing floating small eggs in rivers.

The local names of military fish are green stick fish, yellow croaker fish, military fish and brick fish, and the body of CYPRINIDAE is slightly cylindrical. The kiss is round and blunt, and two pairs are needed. The scales are large, and the lateral scales are 20 ~ 26. There is no hard thorn in the dorsal fin, and there is a sharp thorn lying forward at the starting point of the dorsal fin, which is buried in the skin. Middle and lower fish. I like to live in a river with fast flowing water, sandy bottom and clear water color. Omnivorous, eating aquatic insects, higher plant debris, etc. Laying eggs in fast-flowing river sections. The largest individual can grow to 12 kg. The meat is fresh and tender, which can be used as the domestication and stocking object of valley reservoir. Distributed in various water systems south of the Yangtze River. Chinese name: military fish Latin scientific name: Barbodes, alias: Spinibarbus glabra, broad fish, light fish.

Red-eyed trout (Ch? y ? n z ? n z ? n) belongs to Cyprinidae, yarrow subfamily, red-eyed trout, which is locally called red-eyed fish and sea cucumber. Its body length is cylindrical, its abdomen is round, its back is flat, its body is silvery white, its back is slightly dark gray, and there is obvious erythema on the upper edge of the eye, so it is named red eye. It is a kind of high-quality economic fish, which is produced in all water systems in China. It has the advantages of fast growth, strong adaptability, miscellaneous eating habits and high commodity prices. Chinese name: trout naming: red-eyed trout (Squaliobarbus curriculus) has a cylindrical body, a flat back, a conical head and a blunt kiss. Two pairs of whiskers are small, silvery white, and the back is gray-black. There is a black spot at the base of each scale on the side of the body, forming longitudinal stripes. The scales are large and the lateral lines are straight, extending to the center of the tail stalk. The caudal fin is deeply forked, dark gray, and the edge is black. There is erythema on the upper edge of the eye, hence the name red eye and red-eyed fish.

Qiáo zuǐ hóng bó (scientific name: Erythroculter ilishaeformis) is large, slender, flat on the side and willow-shaped. Keep the back of your head straight and raise it. The mouth is in the upper position, the jaw is thick and sharply upturned, standing in front of the mouth, making the mouth crack vertical. Eyes are big and round. Small in scale. Erythroculter ilishaeformis is a large freshwater economic fish in the upper and middle layers. It is agile, good at jumping, grumpy and easily frightened. It grows rapidly and is a fierce carnivorous fish, which lives on live fish. Plankton and aquatic insects are the staple foods at seedling stage. It mainly swallows more than 50g of fish and shrimp, and also swallows a small amount of seedlings, which has high economic value. Chinese name: pouting, pouting fish, stickleback fish, fish with upturned shells, white fish, etc.

Dà yn biā n, also known as Sini Bramawu, belongs to CYPRINIDAE, CYPRINIDAE and CYPRINIDAE. Commonly known as: flower bream, bigeye bream, Guangdong bream. Chinese name: Sparus macrocephalus Latin scientific name: Sinibrama wui Habitat: Sparus macrocephalus is a group of small and medium-sized fish, with a common individual body length of 25-30 cm. Feeding on leaf fragments and seeds of higher plants and aquatic insects. Male and female individuals can mature and lay eggs when their body length is more than 28 cm, and females with a body length of 25.5 cm can conceive 845 eggs. Megalobrama amblycephala is distributed in the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River, Qiantang River, Lingjiang River, Oujiang River and Minjiang River, especially Xiangjiang River, Hanshui River and Jialing River. Megalobrama amblycephala is distributed in Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong and Guangxi.

The red pearl fish has a slightly pointed head and an upward sloping mouth. Sideline scale 73 ~ 79. The dorsal fin has smooth spines, the pectoral fin is yellow and the lower part of the caudal fin is red. During the breeding season, there are pearl stars on the head and pectoral fins of male fish. Chinese name: Red Pearl Fish Scientific name: Mongolian red fish Common name: red tip, red tip and red tail.

Huáng wáI gü (scientific name: Xenocypris davidi) is a kind of fish belonging to the genus Cynodontidae, commonly known as yellow tail, yellow slice, yellow croaker and yellow guzi. Yellow-tailed catfish is a small and medium-sized fish that grows in fresh water. It lives in the middle and lower layers of water, with a slightly flat body length, a small and sharp head, a round nose and mouth, a transverse crack near the lower mouth and a well-developed mandibular horny edge. The dorsal side is gray, the abdomen is white, there are yellowish spots on the posterior edge of gill cover, and the caudal fin is orange. Mainly eat plant debris, humus and algae attached to the bottom, and can feed chaff and bran in pond culture. The optimum growth water temperature is 22℃-24℃, and its oxygen tolerance is similar to that of silver carp. In nature, fish of 1 age can reach 100-200g, sexually mature for 2 years, and the breeding season is from April to June, and parent fish return to shoals in groups to lay eggs. Chinese name: yellow-tailed herring Latin scientific name: Xenocypris davidi Bleeker alias: yellow tail, yellow film, yellow croaker, yellow guzi.

Agkistrodon halys is an economic fish, which grows in rivers and lakes in the south of China. The body side is flat and slightly abduction, the head is small, the snout is blunt, and the mouth is small and downward. This fish is silvery white with small scales and a black back. The dorsal fin and caudal fin are light yellow, and the ventral fin and anal fin of mature male fish are light orange. Tail fin fork Chinese name: Agkistrodon, alias: green slice, flat fish, green tip habitat Agkistrodon is a primary freshwater fish, inhabiting the middle and lower reaches of rivers and lakes. Under natural conditions, it is omnivorous, and mainly eats attached organisms, including filamentous diatoms, cyanobacteria and green algae, in addition to bacteria, organic debris, a small amount of zooplankton and aquatic insects. Under the condition of artificial feeding, I like to eat organic fertilizer, bran, compound feed and a wide range of food.

The sarcophagus (Sijiā o) (scientific name: Toxabramis wwinhonis Gunther) is a cyprinid fish. The body is extremely flat and thin. Abdominal ribs are obvious, from cheek to anus. The lateral line bends sharply downward above the pectoral fin. The posterior edge of dorsal fin spine is serrated. Small fish, living in the upper and middle layers, eat plankton. The spawning period is from June to July, and the eggs drift in the Yangtze River, Yellow River and other water systems. Chinese name: Shark-like nickname: skinny rice

Líng yú (scientific name: Cirrhinus molitorella) is a kind of CYPRINIDAE, commonly known as Tushad, Xueshad, Gongshad, Huashad, CYPRINIDAE and CYPRINIDAE. The pattern of this species originated in China. The body is slender, the abdomen is round, the head is short and the kiss is round and dull. There is a keratinized edge under the mouth and in front of the upper and lower jaws, which is suitable for scraping underwater attachments. In natural water, shad will scrape off attached organisms (such as epiphytic green algae, diatoms and filamentous algae). ) on underwater rocks and other objects, it also eats organic matter in sludge. Chinese name: shad Latin scientific name: dace

Mockingfish is a kind of Cyprinidae and Mockingfish. It has a long body, a flat side and a round abdomen. A long kiss and a big mouth; The oral fissure inclines upward, the posterior end of the mandible extends to the anterior margin of the eye, the anterior end of the mandible is convex, and there are depressions on both sides, which are just embedded in the concave and convex parts of the anterior end and both sides of the maxilla. Distributed in China. Chinese name: the habitat of mackerel. Mackerel lives in the upper waters and likes low-temperature water. It is a carnivorous fish. Mimicfish mostly live in mountain streams, especially in shallows with relatively fast water flow, streams or river tributaries with gravel as the substrate; It is rare in the deep waters of calm lakes and rivers. They usually live in groups, often swim and live with mackerel. Fierce, feeding on small fish and aquatic insects. The largest individual can reach about 20 cm.

Siniperca chuatsi belongs to CYPRINIDAE, CYPRINIDAE, whitebait and Siniperca. Commonly known as yellow croaker, yellow diamond, yellow-cheeked fish, rod fish, water tiger, salamander with big mouth and ray fish. The English name is Yellowcheek carp. Its body is slender, nearly cylindrical and its head is very long. Kiss tip, beak shape. The mouth is large, with an end position, and there is a hard protrusion in the middle of the front end of the mandible, which is consistent with the depression of the maxilla. No, the eyes are small and slightly prominent. There are 3 rows of hypopharyngeal teeth with hooked ends. Small in scale. The dorsal fin is small and the starting point is behind the ventral fin; The caudal fin is deeply forked. The back is grayish brown, the abdomen is silvery white, the dorsal fin and caudal fin are dark gray, and the cheeks and other fins are light yellow. I like to eat fish smaller than it. Generally speaking, there are only a few mandarin fish in the fish pond, and other fish in the whole fish pond are basically extinct, which is the natural enemy of ordinary fish farmers. ) in some areas, it is confused with herring and is called mandarin fish in dialect. Chinese names: mandarin fish, yellow diamond, yellow cheek fish, rod fish, water tiger, big mouth snakehead,

Colosoma brachypomum is a tropical and subtropical fish native to the Amazon River in South America. Freshwater pomfret (hereinafter referred to as freshwater pomfret) has the characteristics of miscellaneous eating habits, fast growth, large size, less diseases, easy fishing, less meat, delicious taste and rich nutrition. It is a valuable fish to expand the pond culture object and increase the output per unit area, and can also be used as an ornamental fish in the juvenile stage. Freshwater pomfret was introduced to Taiwan Province Province, China in 1982. After artificial propagation, it began to be popularized in freshwater fish ponds. 1985 was introduced from Taiwan Province province to Guangdong province for trial planting, and 1987 was successfully propagated artificially. Later, it was gradually popularized throughout the country and became one of the famous and special varieties with the highest annual output. Chinese name: freshwater pomfret Latin scientific name: short pomfret

Mola is a freshwater fish, which is native to fresh water in the southern United States, northern Mexico and southern Central America. Adult fish are 24-40 cm long. Most molas have prominent colors, and the most striking species among the beautiful molas is this one called Chang 'e. Its dazzling metallic blue fish is covered with orange stripes, and there are a pair of patterns like ears at the back end of its dazzling beautiful eyes, which is their obvious sign. There are about 30 species in all, which belong to fish that spawn many times. The staple food is zooplankton and aquatic insects, but also aquatic plants, small miscellaneous fish and small mollusks. Chinese name: Mola Mola Latin scientific name: Lepomis gibbosus distribution range Mola Mola is native to North America and distributed in rivers and lakes from Ontario, southern Quebec, Canada to the Great Lakes system in the United States, as well as in many southern States of the United States and northern Mexico.

Tilapia is commonly known as: African crucian carp, non-crucian carp, Vietnamese fish, Nanyang crucian carp and so on. At first, it refers to the non-crucian species in Mozambique: non-crucian species in Mozambique (scientific name: Oreochromis mossambicus), and now it is a general term for several cichlids such as non-crucian species and non-crucian species. English collectively refers to tilapia. At present, it is the focus of freshwater aquaculture in the world, and it is considered as one of the main sources of animal protein in the future. Usually live in fresh water, can also live in salt water with different salt content, and can also live in shallow water of lakes, rivers and ponds. Strong adaptability, can breed in small waters, even grow in rice fields, and has strong adaptability to water with less dissolved oxygen. Most tilapia are omnivorous and often eat plants and debris in the water. Chinese name: tilapia Latin scientific name: Oreochromis spp alias: African crucian carp, South crucian carp, Vietnamese fish, Wu Guoyu, Fushou fish, golden phoenix fish.

Let's talk about my experience from freshwater fish farming to seawater fish farming: First of all, I started with freshwater. After all, I can afford it. I can't afford to buy cheap things. Raised goldfish and blood parrots. It's very simple. I feel that everyone can raise it. There are a group of traffic lights, red nose scissors and little peacocks behind the aquarium. I feel that I am not particularly interested in aquatic plants, and I am particularly lazy in pruning. Now I'm going to the sea again, fiddling with seawater tanks, raising childe clowns, flame fairies, purple seals, frog fish and so on. Among them, frog fish is the most difficult one. It's really not easy. My patience is running out just by opening my mouth. Fortunately, now that I'm talking, I'm still alive, which is a relief.