The poem Pavilion Night by Du Fu is full of emotion. Tell me about this poem, which describes several kinds of sadness of the poet. What is the poet's saddest thing?

Poetry translation:

In the cold winter, the days are getting shorter and shorter; On this cold night, when the frost and snow began to dissipate, the waves followed the horizon. At the fifth watch, I heard the drums and horns, which was tragic; The Three Gorges reflects the silver river and stars, swaying with the waves. There were four shouts outside the stadium, and news of the war came; In several places, fishermen and firewood Sang Men Yi songs. All Geliang and Gongsun Shu are no longer among people; Things are different, books are broken, and I have nothing to say.

This poem was written by a poet in Xige, Kuizhou in 766. The whole poem is about the winter night scenery, which means that it hurts homesickness. The first pass node is cold in winter; Write down what you hear and see at night; The neckline was written by Mix; At the end of the couplet, I wrote about the temples of Jim Wuhou and Bai Di. Taking Ge Liang and Gongsun Shu as examples, it is said that wise men, fools, loyalists and rebels all perish together, and personal loneliness is even more meaningless. The whole poem is magnificent, magnificent, vertical and horizontal, overlooking ancient and modern times.

Enjoy 1

A poet who lives in the west attic of Kuizhou, on a winter night with the first snow. From what I saw and heard on the night of frost and snow, I remembered the current national current affairs and my aging and sick life, so I wrote this poem. The pavilion in the title is Kuizhou Xiting.

The first two sentences, starting with flowing water, describe the poet's infinite feelings of being a stranger in a foreign land, with broad and vigorous artistic conception, depressed feelings and frustrated brushwork. The first sentence is that in the old age, days pass quickly, as if being urged. On the surface, this sentence only points out the time. Describing "cold night" is a transition for the next sentence, but it actually contains rich emotions. The end of the year is the time when the year is coming to an end. The passage of time has made people feel that time and tide wait for no man, and life is geometric, not to mention "the end of the year", which is riddled with decline and illness and has traveled for a long time! The "scenery" of "short scenery" originally refers to daytime, and here refers to daytime. The days in winter are short, so it is called "short scenery"; "Short scenery", also called "haste", not only describes the speed of time passing, but also describes the poet's special psychological feelings, including many feelings.

The second sentence of "Frost and Snow in and heaven remains our neighbourhood" hit the nail on the head. These seven words outline a specific environment full of quiet and cold atmosphere for the whole poem. At the beginning of heavy snow, the sky is high and the clouds are light, the moon is in the sky, and thousands of miles of snow are floating. This is the night view of the mountain city after the snow. This painting has a vivid and beautiful image and a quiet mood. Under normal circumstances, this kind of environment often makes people feel quiet and comfortable, but for a poet who is a stranger and worried about his country and people, it causes him deep anxiety. "Tianya" originally refers to the extremely far horizon, here refers to Kuizhou. Called Kuizhou Tianya, it means to stay in Wan Li for a long time and never come back. "Cold Night" echoes the previous sentence "Short Scene" and points out the passage of time. "Frost and Snow" and "Cold Night" are all lyrical about scenery. There are only fourteen words in two sentences, but they are full of twists and turns, and they are passed on from layer to layer, containing infinite affection.

Three or four sentences closely follow the "cold night" and write about late-night experiences. These two sentences describing the scenery were praised by Su Dongpo as "no one came after" and became famous sentences that have been passed down all the time. "Stark sounded the fifth watch with the drums and trumpets of challenge", which I heard in the middle of the night, means that on a snowy winter night, there was silence, and suddenly tragic drums and trumpets came from a distant mountain city. "Five Tables" points out that from the first night to the last night, time has passed, which shows that the poet has been sitting alone for a long time and has a lot of thoughts. Drum Horn symbolizes the era environment of civil-military melee and civil strife at that time. The "tragic" description in "Drum Horn" not only shows the characteristics of Chu Qingxue's sadness after the snow and the deeper night, but also shows the poet's sad mood. This is a double rendering technique. "The Milky Way Sky Veins Over Three Mountains" describes what you saw in the middle of the night. In winter, the Three Gorges is clear and swift, and there are thousands of valleys in Qian Shan. Therefore, although it is late at night, it is like day. The milky way stars are reflected in the river, and the water is hovering and the waves are flashing. This is indeed a vivid night view of the Three Gorges. However, in this sad and beautiful picture, the poet is filled with extreme anxiety. "People are unhappy, and' drums are sad'; People are restless, and' Xinghe Shadow Shakes' is also ". (Wang Si [] "Du Yi" Volume 8) The poet's subjective feelings of worrying about the country and the people really touched the objective scenery. The two sentences are not only vast and magnificent, but also beautiful, with feelings in the scenery and infinite feelings of the poet.

It is even more painful to write down the word "wild crying" in the night pavilion. Du Fu arrived in Kuizhou in April of the second year of Yongtai (AD 766). At this time, although the Anshi Rebellion had been settled, foreign enemies invaded, warlords scuffled and the war never stopped. That is to say, for example, the Zizhou secretariat section and Jiannan military forces made Xu know that he had transferred troops to rebel in front; With a cry of Yin Guoying in Chengdu, the military commander urged her to fight with Yang Zilin, the general of Shanghai Tooth. The war disaster lasted for several years, and countless people were killed and injured. Crying 1000 times in the wild is a vivid summary of this war situation, which vividly reflects the serious losses caused by the warlord melee to the lives and property of the broad masses of the people. "cry" and say "thousand" Seeing the number of deaths and the severity of the disaster, we can imagine the desolation of the village with the word "wild". "Yi Song" refers to the songs of ethnic minorities in Zhou Shu, as well as the songs of local fishermen and woodcutter. "The salary of fishing in a few places has gone up" is about the sufferings of the broad masses of the people. Through Yu Qiao's elegy, it is a metaphor that people still live in a foreign land after many years of illness, which is in line with the sentence "Wuxi clothes * * * Yunshan" in Yong Huai, and at the same time, it also sets off the pity of the environmental atmosphere. There is a record of fishing songs in Badong in Sheng Hongzhi's "Jingzhou Ji", which reads: "The Wuxia Gorge in the Three Gorges of Badong is long, the apes crow three times, and tears are spilled on their skirts." When the ape cries, the fisherman and the woodcutter can imagine the hardships of life and the bitterness of mood. The "foreign songs" here may refer to this kind of folk songs. On a cold night in the middle of winter, the fishing firewood is above the Three Gorges, the water depth is swift, the mountains are high and the roads are slippery, and the emotional appeal it expresses is of course sad. Sad "crying wildly" and sad "foreign songs" effectively rendered the desolate environment atmosphere and set off the poet's sad mood.

Sleeping dragons and galloping horses are not generals now. They are dust. Be quiet for a while. Oh, the last two words of the noise of the world touch things and express infinite feelings in your heart. "Wolong" is called Zhuge Liang. It is related to Wuhou Temple in the western suburbs of Kuizhou. Writing "prancing horse" refers to the following historical facts: At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, he built Ziyang City by prancing horse, calling himself "Bai Di". The east of the city is in Kuizhou, and there is Bai Di Temple in the city. "Ending the Loess" means that they are all dead. "personnel", that is, "world affairs", refers to the current political turmoil and people's suffering, in terms of the country; "Le Shu" refers to wandering around the world, and Le Shu was cut off, which is personal. The meaning of two sentences is that loyalists like Zhuge Liang and rebels like Gongsun Shu have all passed away with the passage of time and become loess. Since history is so confusing right and wrong, He Chou's current "Personnel" and "Sound Book" are from the temple in Wolong, Kuizhou, expressing the grievances hidden in his chest, full of twists and turns and infinite sadness! However, the poet's strong concern for the country's "personnel" and the pain of worrying about the country and the people are hard to get rid of, and they can't get rid of it. So although they appear to be negative and depressed, they are actually extremely angry. It is a tortuous expression of the poet's painful mood that his political ambition can't be realized, and it is a manifestation of the poet's complete disappointment with the rulers of the Tang Dynasty. Pu Qilong said that "his words are wide and his feelings are close" is completely correct.

Ge Ye is indeed a good poem, which has been highly praised by predecessors. Hu Yinglin said that "the ancestor of a hundred years (referring to the seven laws) dominated the universe because of the weather, and the essence of the law was also" (Volume 5 of Poem Internal Compilation). Lu [] put it well: "A topic is more than one thing, a poem is more than one topic, and there are endless thoughts between the lines. When compared with generals, monuments, and prosperous chapters in autumn. " (Detailed Notes on Qiu Du's Poems, Volume 18). The so-called "more than one thing" refers to the rich social content described in the poem; The so-called "more than one question" refers to the reflection of the poet's complex thoughts and feelings in his poems. Through what the poet saw and heard in the cold winter and snowy night, the whole poem truly reflected the social reality of the warlord's scuffle and the people's misery after the Anshi Rebellion, and showed the poet's deep concern for the fate of the country and the people. Of course, because the author is old, sick and helpless, the poem also reveals desolation, loneliness and even negative emotions. This is of course related to the class limitations of the poet, and also because the rulers at that time were corrupt and incompetent, and the trend of national decline was inevitable, which was deeply branded by the times.

In art, this poem is also very successful. The first two sentences of this poem are the key points, and the word "Han Jixiao" dominates the whole article. Three or four sentences deduct the night view of the Three Gorges, five or six sentences transcribe the current situation and situation, and the last two sentences wrap the whole article up. Personnel is accompanied by Wild Cry and Foreign Songs. The book of sound is on Tianya and Three Gorges. Twists and turns, interlocking. "The topic cloud" Pavilion Night ",but poetry and scripture, also known as" personnel "and" sound book ",stay up all night (yellow). The poem describes the cold snowy night, expresses the poet's lonely and sad mood, and is also very distinctive. The scenery that appears in the poet's pen is not a rigid record of things, but an artistic image saturated with the poet's rich feelings, which contains the poet's infinite feelings. Ye Mengde, a poet in the Song Dynasty, said, "Although seven words are hard to be forceful, each sentence is powerful and redundant, without losing the implication. Because of Lao Du's sentences, such as "The Silk River, with beautiful spring, floats between the earth and heaven, like a jade peak of a cloud, between ancient times and present" and "Stark's five-tone and the challenge of drums and horns, the stars and Tianhe veins exceed three mountains", I often hate those who have not answered. (Stone Forest Shihua) What Ye Mengde said was "powerful and redundant, yet implicit", which means that the artistic conception of these two poems is rich, implicit and profound, and full of touching artistic effects.

Finally, there is a question of whether couplets are useful. Previous people have been arguing endlessly about this. Cai Taize, a poet in the Song Dynasty, said: "Poetry should be practical, just as Zen says: salt is in water, and drinking water knows the taste of salt. This is the poet's way of keeping secrets. For example,' Stark sounded drums and trumpets at five o'clock, and the Milky Way crossed three mountains'. I don't know if it's useful to see Ling Kuai's Works of Nature. " Biography of Mi Fei: I am fishing for Cao Yang, and my voice is tragic. Hanwu Story: When the stars wavered, Dong Fangshuo said that people should work hard. So those who make good use of things, such as catching the wind and catching the shadows, will have traces? (Hu Zai's "Tiaoxi Fishing Hidden from Conghua" Volume 10) says: "Three or four is just the current scenery, and Song poetry is ridiculous." Shi Hongbao added: "The next sentence is about the story of Hanwu, the last sentence is tragic, and the first sentence is ordinary, so there is no need to use Biography of Mi Fei." ("Reading Du Fu's Poems", Volume 18) Today, according to the records of historians, "On the first day, guns, [], spears and shields (all star names) wavered, and the horns were big, and soldiers rose." Another book, History of Astronomy and Begging for History, said: "The light of the Yuan Dynasty, all the stars are shaking, welcoming them with stars, saying,' Those who shake the stars are also working for the people. "After beheading the four barbarians, the people worked hard to reform the army. "There is a saying in Du Fu's poem that every word has a source. Although this statement is pedantic, it is indeed a remarkable artistic feature of Du Fu's poems to borrow classics from the world. For example, in the poem "Yu Miao", Hu Yinglin and Pu Qilong praised him for his hands-on, but he was inadvertently writing the scenery, pointing out that "this is Lao Du's eternal stunt." Therefore, three or four sentences in the article should be treated in this way, which is both practical and scenic, and the beauty lies in the fact that "salt in water" does not show traces. This understanding helps people to further understand the profound content and superb artistic skills of Du Fu's poems.