Tell me about photos of grandparents and grandchildren.

Jiang mentioned in his self-report that "since my family lived in my hometown for the third time, I am 60 years old today, and my neighbors are frowning on their birthdays." "Sixty-year-old" here refers to the middle period of Tianbao in Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty (746-750) to the early period of Yuanhe in Tang Xianzong (805-8 10). During this period, wars were frequent, such as An Shi Rebellion, Tubo War and Zhu Hui Rebellion. The number of registered permanent residence in China has dropped sharply. The imperial court added tax collectors at will, made excuses, and added new taxes to the old taxes without restriction, which made the burden on the people increase day by day. Although two tax laws were promulgated in the first year of Jianzhong in Tang Dezong (780) (paying taxes twice in summer and autumn, that is, "paying taxes at the age of two" as mentioned in the article), it was expressly stipulated that "in addition to the two taxes, you dare to collect a penny to bend the law", but this is only a means to deceive the people. The fact is as Lu Zhi said: "In history, you paid taxes twice, but now you have paid taxes twice." He also said that when raising taxes, "the decree is called a stopgap measure to stop this matter. "The soldiers rested for a long time, and the tax increase was the same as before." The people fled to other places under the pressure of heavy taxes, but the fierce officials still did not let go. "If there is exile, it will be dispersed (shared by the remaining households), and the heavier it is, the heavier it will be." Judging from these circumstances, Liu Zongyuan's assertion that Fu Lian's poison is a snake is completely correct.

The first paragraph (1) is a suspense set by the author, which paves the way for the following, suggesting that there were things more poisonous than poisonous snakes in the world at that time, which made readers eager to read on. (2) This paragraph focuses on the "difference" of poisonous snakes, which is described from three aspects: one is the difference in color, the other is the difference in toxicity, and the third is the difference in use. Can be used for treating leprosy, swelling of hands, feet and neck, malignant sores, eliminating necrotic muscles and killing parasites in human body. Therefore, the emperor issued an order to levy taxes twice a year, which can offset the tax payable. Therefore, since then, "people have been arguing for it through the ages." The author only uses the word "run" to show the scene that Yongzhou people are scrambling to catch snakes, taking pains and risking their lives.

The second paragraph is from "people with the Chiang family" to "being calm and daring to poison" Including 2, 3 and 4, is the focus of the whole paper.

"The Different Snake" leads to the protagonist "Snake Catcher"-Jiang. First, write about the "advantages" of three generations of Jiang catching snakes, then write about the "disadvantages" of catching snakes-some of my ancestors, my parents and me are dead, some are dead, then change the word "advantages" into "disadvantages", and then use Jiang's expression "nothing looks like" with only one sentence "a sad-looking person" to outline his memories and heart. Obviously, he was harmed by a poisonous snake, but he said that he enjoyed the benefits of catching snakes alone. In this extremely contradictory situation, his inner bitterness is more obvious.

So the author went on to say "I'm sorry" and said "What if it's toxic?"? I will tell the people present, if it is more service, if it is empowerment? " While mourning Jiang's misfortune, he kindly proposed a way out of danger. These sentences are short and urgent. Moreover, the use of three "ifs" (interpreted as "you") shows that "Yu" is talking face to face with Chiang Kai-shek, and his attitude is sincere and he is eager to help the other side. The method seems feasible.

Unexpectedly, Chiang Kai-shek did not accept it. He said, "It's a pity that Wang Ran cried ..." Chiang Kai-shek's words were equally sincere and his tone was also very positive, indicating that poisonous snakes were terrible, but the poison they received was even more terrible.

How do you say this? Jiang said these layers of meaning:

The first floor refers to Jiang Jiazu's Sun San generation who lived here for more than 60 years and witnessed the sufferings of the villagers. The life of the neighbors is getting more and more embarrassing every day. They took out all the crops in the field, used up all the income at home and paid enough rent. They will migrate crying, hungry and forced to die on the ground. They were attacked by storms, endured cold and heat, and breathed toxic epidemic gases. Usually, they are dead. The family that once lived with my grandfather is now rare among ten families; Families living with their fathers are now rare to have two or three households in ten households; People who have lived with me for 12 years now rarely have four or five out of ten households. Those families are either dead or have moved away. And I survived by catching snakes alone. "Liu" quoted Lin Xichong's article and calculated a tax account in the Tang Dynasty: "According to records, Li Jifu wrote the Book of National Unification to Xianzong at the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty. Except for the roads in the buffer zone, the tax collectors are three points less than Tianbao, and the soldiers in the world are one point more than Tianbao. Two families provided a large sum of money for a soldier, who was injured by floods and droughts and moved irregularly.

The second meaning is that those brutal officials go to the countryside to ask for rent and taxes, clamoring for harassment everywhere, and even making trouble. At this time, he got up carefully and looked at his crock, only to see that the snake he had caught was still there and he could lie down with peace of mind. He carefully fed the snake and handed it over as tax at the specified time. After you come back; You can enjoy the fruits of your own fields and spend your old age in peace.

The third layer means: in this way, he risked his life twice in a year, and the rest of the time can live happily and peacefully. How can neighbors be threatened with death every day? Even now, he was killed by a snake; He died later than his neighbors. How dare you resent the snake catcher?

Comparing Jiang's remarks with his "catching snakes and living alone" and his neighbor's "moving when he dies", with his "lying down" and his neighbor being harassed by fierce officials, and with his crime of killing two people in one year and his neighbor's "doing something", this shows that the misfortune of catching snakes is indeed "it will be unfortunate if you don't reply to my blessing". It can be seen that he is telling the story of three generations. It's entirely out of true feelings. Jiang's words, from the heart, with blood and tears, how can they not sound heartbreaking?

In the third part of the article, that is, at the end of the paragraph, the author said, "I am even sadder after listening to it", which is even sadder than listening to Jiang talk about the suffering of a family. I thought I had doubts about Confucius' statement that tyranny is fiercer than tigers. Now, judging from Jiang's words, this statement is credible. Who knows that taxes are more harmful to people than poisonous snakes! So I wrote the article "The Snake Catcher said" in order to let people who abide by the folk customs know the disaster brought by heavy taxes to the people.

In this narrative and lyrical writing style, this last argument really plays the role of finishing touch. If Tyranny Than Tiger emphasizes the word "fierce", then this article closely follows the word "poison", not only about snake venom, but also about poisoning. And set the former against the latter. The conclusion is that "poison accumulation" is more than snake venom.

In terms of writing techniques, in addition to the extensive use of contrast and contrast, as well as the theme of the chapter, the description of Jiang's character is also very distinctive. In particular, he didn't want to lose the long story of killing snakes and catching snakes, which contained both specific facts and exact figures. There are both what I have seen and heard and my personal feelings; This moment has both the experience of a generation and the thoughts of a generation; It not only tells the misfortune of his own family, but also tells the sufferings of his neighbors: it not only makes people see a picture of social life under the extortion of the ruler, but also makes people feel that this person's voice, appearance and appearance are in front of them, lifelike and lifelike.

Comparisons are used everywhere in the whole article: the comparison between snake catchers and taxpayers, the comparison between snake catchers and taxpayers, the comparison between snake catchers and non-snake catchers (Jiang and his neighbors)-the comparison between survival and death in the past 60 years, the comparison between me and my neighbors who were disturbed by violent officials who came to my hometown, the number of death threats within one year, and the comparison that even if I die from catching snakes, I will die after my neighbors. The sharp contrast profoundly reveals the center of "full of poisonous snakes"

Reading through, The Snake Catcher is a masterpiece with rich details, prominent characters, profound insights and sharp writing.