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"King of the Universe" stephen william hawking (1942-) [1], 1942 65438+ was born in Oxford, England. He graduated from Oxford University and Cambridge University. And received a doctorate in philosophy from Cambridge University. At the age of 2 1, he unfortunately suffered from Lou Gehrig's disease, which led to muscle atrophy, so he was confined to a wheelchair and only three fingers could move. During the period of 1985, he completely lost his speech ability because of pneumonia, and his speech and question-and-answer could only be completed by a speech synthesizer. 1972, he investigated the quantum effect near the black hole, and found that the black hole would emit radiation like a blackbody, and the temperature of the radiation was inversely proportional to the mass of the black hole, so that the black hole would gradually become smaller because of the radiation, but the temperature was getting higher and higher, and finally it ended in an explosion. The discovery of black hole radiation or Hawking radiation [2] has extremely basic significance, which unifies gravity, quantum mechanics and statistical mechanics.

1974, his research turned to the theory of quantum gravity. Although people haven't got a successful theory, they have found some characteristics of it. For example, spacetime is not flat on the Planck scale (10-33 cm), but in a powder state. There is no pure state in quantum gravity, the law of causality is broken, and the unknowability rises from classical statistical physics and quantum statistical physics to the third level of quantum gravity.

After 1980, Hawking's interest turned to quantum cosmology and put forward the most important work in his life-borderless conditions.

However, in July 2004, he revised his original view of the "black hole paradox" and should persevere.

The subtitle of A Brief History of Time is from the Big Bang to the Black Hole. Stephen william hawking believes that his life's contribution is within the framework of classical physics, which proves the inevitability of black holes and big bang singularities, and black holes are getting bigger and bigger; However, under the framework of quantum physics, he pointed out that black holes became smaller and smaller due to radiation, and the singularity of the Big Bang was constantly smoothed out by quantum effects, and the whole universe began here.

The details of theoretical physics will change in the next 20 years, but in terms of concept, it is still quite complete.

Planck scale (10-33cm)- internal structure model diagram stephen william hawking's life is very legendary. In terms of scientific achievements, he is one of the most outstanding scientists in history. His contribution was made when he was confined to a wheelchair by Luger's disease for 20 years, which was really unprecedented. His contribution has a far-reaching impact on the concept of human beings, so the media has long had a lot of descriptions about how he fought against total paralysis. Therefore, God is fair to everyone. He has a physical defect, but his mind is smart! Nevertheless, Wu's first meeting with him at 1979 is still vivid. It was my first time to attend the seminar on general relativity of Hawking Group in Cambridge. As soon as the back door opened, a very weak electric sound suddenly sounded behind my head. Looking back, I saw a scrawny man reclining in an electric wheelchair and turning on the electric switch himself. The translator tries to be polite and not too surprised, but he is used to being surprised at the degree of disability of people who meet for the first time. He needs a lot of effort to raise his head. Before he lost his voice, he could only speak in a very weak deformed language, and he could only understand it after working and living with him for several months. He can't write, and reading must rely on a page-turning machine. When reading literary works, he must spread out every page on a big desk, and then he drives a wheelchair to read page by page like a silkworm eating mulberry leaves. People have to pay deep respect to the human soul who pursues the ultimate truth with such a strong will. From his help to the translator's private affairs, we can realize that he is a person. Every day, he drives a wheelchair from his home at No.5 Cambridge West Road, crosses the beautiful Jianhe River and the ancient King's College, and arrives at the office of the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics in Silver Street. A slope was specially built in the department to facilitate him to take a wheelchair. Hawking is physically disabled, but he is not disabled. He is optimistic.

He also proved the area theorem of black holes. In Cambridge University with rich academic tradition, his position is the most lofty professorship in the history of Cambridge University. That's Professor Lucas, who was once praised by Newton and Dirac. He holds several honorary degrees and is the youngest member of the Royal Society. In the public evaluation, he is considered as one of the most outstanding theoretical physicists after Albert Einstein. He proposed that the big bang started from the singularity, and the black hole would eventually evaporate from this moment, which was an important step to unify the two basic theories of physics in the 20th century-Einstein's theory of relativity and Planck's quantum theory.

He was confined to a wheelchair for 40 years because of "gradual freezing" (Luger's disease of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), but he was physically and mentally disabled and turned it into an advantage, overcoming his disability and becoming a supernova in the international physics community. He can't write or even read clearly, but he transcends relativity, quantum mechanics and the Big Bang theory and enters the "geometric dance" to create the universe. Although he was so helpless in a wheelchair, his thoughts traveled brilliantly in the vast space and time, and solved the mystery of the universe.

Hawking's charm lies not only in his legendary physical genius, but also in his convincing life force. His constant pursuit of scientific spirit and brave and tenacious personality strength deeply attracted everyone who knew him. Suffering from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, he is almost paralyzed and unable to pronounce, but he still published A Brief History of Time at 1988, which has sold more than 25 million copies so far and become one of the best-selling popular science works in the world.

He is praised by the world as "the greatest living scientist", "another Einstein", "an out-and-out man in life", "a man who dares to challenge his destiny" and "the king of the universe". In April 2007, Hawking experienced zero gravity on the plane.

Hawking was born in Oxford, England on 1942. His father Frank is an expert in tropical diseases who graduated from Oxford University, and his mother Isabel studied philosophy, politics and economy in Oxford in the 1960s.

1942 65438+ 10, Nazi Germany bombed England indiscriminately, and London was attacked almost every night. This forced the Hawkins to leave their home in Haegert and take refuge in Oxford. After Hawking was born, they returned to London. When he was a child, Hawking's academic performance was not outstanding, but he liked to design extremely complicated toys. It is said that he once made a simple computer.

1959, 17-year-old Hawking entered the University College of Oxford University to study natural science, claiming that it took him very little time to get a first-class honorary degree, and then transferred to Cambridge University to study cosmology. 1963 was diagnosed as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, that is, motor neuropathy. At that time, the doctor diagnosed that he could only live for two years, but he miraculously survived, although he lost his mobility.

Hawking once clarified that he didn't drink at that time, only felt that he had a "tragic character" and was addicted to Wagner's music. Until he met his first wife, Jane Wilde, and they got married and had three children. At the age of 23, he received his Ph.D. from Cambridge University and stayed at Cambridge University for research.

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