What is the concept of Chinese literacy? What are the ways to improve Chinese literacy?

Chinese literacy refers to the comprehensive evaluation of Chinese ability, Chinese knowledge, thoughts and feelings, language accumulation, language sense, thinking quality, moral cultivation, aesthetic taste, personality, learning direction and learning habits.

Chinese literacy refers to students' "relatively stable and basic knowledge, abilities, skills, emotional attitudes and values" in Chinese, which has rich connotations of the unity of instrumentality and humanity, and is the core concept in Chinese Curriculum Standards for Full-time Compulsory Education (Experimental Draft) and Chinese Curriculum Standards for Ordinary Senior High Schools (Experimental Draft).

The new Chinese curriculum standard clearly states: "Chinese curriculum should be devoted to the formation and development of students' Chinese literacy. Chinese literacy is the basis for students to learn other courses well. " "Chinese class should cultivate students' thoughts and feelings of loving the language and writing of the motherland, guide students to correctly understand and use the language and writing of the motherland, enrich language accumulation, cultivate a sense of language, develop thinking, and enable students to have the ability to read, write and communicate orally to meet actual needs." In daily teaching practice, students often encounter such situations: they are not interested in Chinese, have a poor sense of language when reading articles, can't express their ideas in spoken English, have spelling mistakes in writing compositions, and have insufficient vocabulary and imagination. Even those students with clear thinking and high IQ have the problems of narrow vision, empty articles and lack of aesthetic feeling. All these reflect that students' Chinese literacy is low. From this point of view, Chinese literacy is particularly important for the development of Chinese and students, so how to cultivate students' Chinese literacy, from the perspective of front-line teaching, can start with the usual Chinese teaching and find some ways and methods suitable for cultivating students' Chinese literacy.

First, cultivate students' interest in learning Chinese.

If students want to learn Chinese well and improve their Chinese literacy, they must actively cultivate their interest in learning Chinese. Being interested in learning can not only make people concentrate, think deeply, but even forget to eat and sleep; Learning without interest will become a kind of hard labor. Guide students to define their learning objectives and improve their learning consciousness; Guide students to understand the significance of learning Chinese; Strive to make teaching innovative and enhance its appeal to students; Pay attention to the cultivation of feelings and stimulate interest with feelings; Cultivate students' extensive curiosity; Stimulate students' interest through aesthetic feeling; Let students become the masters of learning and take the initiative to learn; Chinese learning in class should be combined with extracurricular learning and so on.

Questioning can be used to stimulate students' interest in learning Chinese, thus arousing students' positive thinking and desire for knowledge, thus generating interest in learning. Suspense method makes students pay attention to what they have learned, just like "I want to know what will happen next" in Zhang Hui's novel, which turns the mood of concern into interest in learning. Infection method, in teaching, teachers should dig deep into the feelings contained in the text, so that students can be infected from it and arouse students' interest. Incentive method, psychology believes that the evaluation of students should be based on encouragement. More praise and encouragement can better stimulate students' positive learning motivation, thus stimulating students' interest in learning. Induction is to attract students' other interests in Chinese learning through appropriate methods.

Second, the combination of classroom reading teaching and extracurricular reading guidance.

(1) Classroom reading teaching is the main way to improve primary school students' Chinese literacy.

"Textbooks are the carrier of Chinese learning and an example of cultivating students' Chinese literacy." (Zhao: Exploring the true meaning of Chinese teaching) Although the number of texts in the textbook is limited, it is the main window for students to accumulate and absorb excellent cultural nutrition. Many of the lesson examples in the current Chinese textbooks for primary schools published by People's Education Press are excellent works with both literary quality and beauty, which belong to classic works, have certain implications and depth, and can stand up to intonation and taste; There are also some works with the characteristics of the times and modern consciousness in the teaching materials, which can let students accept the influence of modern civilization. In reading teaching, we can use it to carry out ideological education for students; With it, we can impart Chinese knowledge to students and accumulate knowledge. Can be used to train students' reading skills; Can cultivate students' good sense of language; It can train students' creative thinking. In a word, good classroom reading teaching is the key to improve students' Chinese literacy.

1. Cultivate students' sense of language in classroom reading teaching.

Language sense is an important aspect of students' Chinese literacy. When a person is obedient, he can accurately grasp the main points of the other party's speech through quick perceptual experience, realize the feelings contained in the speech, and even hear the implication, which shows that he has a strong sense of language; Reading an article can accurately grasp the meaning of the article, which also shows that it has a strong sense of language. If a person has a strong sense of language, he can speak properly and naturally and write accurately. The level of language sense ability determines the level of Chinese ability, and the level of language sense ability determines the level of Chinese aesthetic ability. Taking the cultivation of language sense as an important task in Chinese teaching is an ideological highlight of the current Chinese teaching reform, the premise and basic task of front-line Chinese teaching, and one of the purposes of current Chinese teaching.

The ways to cultivate a sense of language are: 1, connecting with life and gaining a sense of language. Life experience is a kind of nonverbal practice, including life knowledge experience, natural scenery knowledge experience and life social knowledge experience. Without this experience, the cultivation of language sense is pale, lifeless and expressionless. Students should get in touch with life, observe and experience more, and accumulate language materials in life experience; Teachers should guide students to actively contact with life practice, recall life experiences, arouse relevant appearances, associate imagination, appreciate the scenes formed by words, understand the thoughts and feelings contained in them, and obtain an accurate sense of language. For example, when I was teaching moonlight songs, I made full use of experiential reading to cultivate students' sense of language and achieved good results. After the students read the text first to understand the general content, I inspired them to say, "Students, how touching the writing process of moonlight songs is!" ! Read quickly, replace' Beethoven' with' I', and express your thoughts and feelings while reading! "The students curiously picked up their textbooks and read them hungrily. They unconsciously enter the text and truly integrate themselves with the characters in the text, and their delicate emotions are like a trickle. When reading that "the blind girl is eager to hear Beethoven's performance with her own eyes, but she is afraid that her brother will be sad", she comforted her brother:' I'm just saying.' After a while, a classmate said emotionally, "What a kind girl, she is so reasonable and considerate." Some students said: "I didn't expect that in this remote town, there are still people who like my music so much." "Although she is poor, I must satisfy her wishes and play for herself. A song. " When students read "Beethoven ... pushed open the door ... there was a girl of sixteen or seventeen sitting in front of her, with a beautiful face, but she was blind." He was surprised and said, "Is it her? Is this the kind girl? Does the intermittent piano sound come from her hand? She is really strong and determined! Doesn't this reflect Beethoven's sympathy and care for the blind girl and her strong and kind character?

2. Read the body odor and form a sense of language. We should form the habit of reading repeatedly and trying to figure it out with great concentration. We should feel the whole in the process of full reading, feel things in reading, cultivate a sense of language in reading, and be influenced by emotions in reading. At present, language learning lacks enough reading training, and the time and times of reading are too few, which is the crux of students' weak sense of language. Therefore, if you want to read more model essays, you must be familiar with the wonderful paragraphs and the essence of poetry and concentrate on trying to figure it out. Emotional reading should be used to express mood, rhythm, sentence patterns and the author's interest and intention. For example, when I was teaching Zhu Ziqing's article "In a hurry", I gave students enough time to read aloud to get familiar with it. Then ask the students to talk about their experiences after reading the text. If the experience is not profound, let the students read the text aloud to experience the feelings. Finally, read the text with emotion, and express the author's interest and intention through emotional reading. It is a process to cultivate a sense of language by reading, trying to figure out the meaning, knowing the meaning and appreciating the beauty of language. Then, familiar reading and reciting articles has a subtle influence on students. This is a process from feeling to understanding, from quantitative change to qualitative change. In this way, we have developed good language habits, strengthened language cultivation and gained a sense of language.

(2) Tutoring students to read after class is an important guarantee to improve primary school students' Chinese literacy.

The newly promulgated "Chinese Curriculum Standard" requires students to pay equal attention to both the surface and quantity of extracurricular reading, and requires students to read books and newspapers extensively and read works of various types, genres and styles. "advocate doing less questions, reading more books, reading good books, reading good books, and reading whole books." With the popularity of the Internet, students should be encouraged to browse the Internet. The total amount of extracurricular reading for a primary school graduate should be no less than 6,543.8+0,000 words. Extracurricular reading is the extension and expansion of classroom reading. On the one hand, the new knowledge learned in class often needs the cooperation of extracurricular reading to deepen understanding. On the other hand, the skills learned in class can be used as the application and test of knowledge and skills in extracurricular reading. Mr. Ye Shengtao once said: "A few students with good Chinese proficiency should ask about their experience and say with one voice that they have benefited a lot from extracurricular reading." Obviously, extensive extracurricular reading can help students broaden their horizons, enrich their knowledge, increase their wisdom and improve their reading and writing skills. Extracurricular reading plays a great role in improving students' Chinese literacy. 1. Expand reading and practice and improve students' comprehensive Chinese ability. After each class, I will find materials related to the text for students to expand their reading and let them expand their reading. Let students have new feelings and new experiences. In addition, they can access information on the Internet to expand their reading. I have downloaded articles such as Andersen's Fairy Tales and the Adventures of Tom Sawyer, as well as excellent compositions by primary school students. By reading more books, students' appreciation level is improved and their thoughts are gradually deepened.

2. Read more and recite more, so that students can accumulate more knowledge.

Lv Shuxiang, a famous linguist in China, once said that when he was studying in Peking University in the 1920s, a foreign professor who taught them Shakespeare told them to read Shakespeare as soon as they attended class. If they don't understand, they must read it. In this way, after reading a class, I finally understood the beauty of Shakespeare's plays. It can be seen that reading is very important in Chinese learning. Mr. Ye Shengtao has repeatedly reiterated that "to form the habit of reading, you must read more", and in his article "Examples of Intensive Reading Guidance", he urged "reciting". As the poet Du Fu said, "Reading is like breaking ten thousand volumes, and writing is like being divine". In teaching, pay attention to reading more. In the teaching of the article "Lily", in order to understand the personality characteristics of the communicator, I asked the students to read the text silently and draw sentences expressing the personality characteristics of the communicator. After the students found it, they read it again and again to understand the personality characteristics of the communicator, to understand where the description is good, and to learn from the writing methods in the future to write such wonderful works. Because of paying attention to reading and understanding, the students have made it clear how to write the personality characteristics of the characters.

Third, carry out Chinese activities to enrich cultural accumulation.

"Chinese Curriculum Standards" points out: "Chinese is a very practical course, so we should pay attention to cultivating students' Chinese practical ability, and the main way to cultivate this ability is Chinese practice ..." "It's too late to talk on paper, and you never know that it needs to be done. "Xue Ji, the earliest educational work in China, has already put forward:" Although there is food, we can know its taste; Although there is supreme Tao, Buddha knows its reason. "No matter what version of the textbook, students' Chinese practice activities are concerned. Years of Chinese teaching have made me deeply feel that the accumulation of Chinese knowledge can only be achieved through specific activities, which is one of the necessary ways to enrich students' cultural heritage. I practice from the following aspects.

1, the accumulation of one sentence a day, famous ancient poems, two-part allegorical sayings, idioms and allusions, famous sayings and epigrams are the focus of classroom investigation. Students find the aesthetic value and learning pleasure of Chinese characters in the process of accumulation, which is conducive to the development of education and teaching, and is more conducive to cultivating students' feelings for national culture.

2. Hold reading meetings from time to time, including poetry reading and classic text reading. Mr. Zhang Zhigong once said: "The language, tone and rhythm of poetry give people great pleasure in reading". Combined with the new curriculum standard of the text, there is a selection of excellent ancient poetry works every time, which is held in groups. Ask students to read and recite carefully and talk about their own views. This activity increases accumulation, exercises Chinese, cultivates temperament, cultivates aesthetic ability and sexual interest, and increases cultural understanding.

3, a sentence a day, the whole class participated in the "I like famous sentences" activity, every day by a classmate will like famous sentences written in the corresponding column, the rest of the students can write or choose, put their favorite famous sentences on the cover of excerpts, diaries or exercise books, through this activity, let students move from the boring literary world to the palace of their hearts, but also enrich their writing language, students' works gradually exude a strong.

4. It is also the only way to enrich students' cultural heritage to carry out reading activities of literary classics and guide students to read famous works. Classics have different meanings in different periods. Especially in our country, when we are teenagers, we should regard it as an important part of our study and life, such as four books, historical records, biography of rams and so on. As a teacher, every reading is our first contact with a world, just like accepting a fresh experience in reality. After many years, we may have forgotten the book we read, but it has left seeds on us, and it can continue to play a role in us. Therefore, when guiding students to read, we should not only pay attention to the plot in the book, but also pay attention to the literary knowledge and the truth of being a man involved in the book. As the saying goes, "Reading a good book makes a perfect life", although we have realized this, we have failed to better guide students in the teaching process.

Fourth, cultivate good study habits.

Good Chinese habits play an important role in improving Chinese literacy. Good Chinese habits are beneficial to people's physical and mental health and help to form a correct way of thinking and good thinking quality. This habit will play a direct role in the development of language functions, the formation of Chinese norms and the improvement of Chinese ability.

To cultivate good Chinese habits, we mainly adopt some effective methods: establishing teaching conventions, spending some time in the early stage of teaching, focusing on establishing teaching conventions, and formulating certain rules for students to learn Chinese, such as how to read books, how to ask questions and how to answer questions in Chinese class ... Each teacher's project is different, but the purpose is to establish a good classroom teaching order and cultivate good Chinese learning habits. To teach learning methods, strengthen training and cultivate good Chinese habits, we must first have certain procedures and methods, and then strengthen training. For example, to cultivate the habit of preview, the teacher is guiding the steps and methods of preview, and gradually forms a certain way of thinking to achieve the degree of automation. In this way, the habit of previewing is formed. Strict and persistent, good Chinese habits can not be developed in a short time, and bad Chinese habits can not be changed in a short time, so strict and persistent efforts take time.

Therefore, in our Chinese teaching, we should focus on students' ultimate self-development, pay attention to the cultivation of students' study habits and thinking quality, encourage students to read carefully and study actively, and accumulate nutrition through activities, so that students will not "fall into the danger of breaking the cultural foundation". Teachers should find ways to make students like our classic books and our Chinese, and help students to take every step of Chinese learning in a down-to-earth way. Strive to make students have deep feelings for our national language, distinguish between reading, learn Chinese with "aura" and write articles with personality. If Chinese teachers can lay a good "spiritual foundation" for students, they can also make students dream of tomorrow. When our Chinese teaching really stimulates students' desire to explore, the cultivation of students' Chinese literacy will be implemented and the reform of Chinese teaching will be promising. I hope that Chinese learning will become a happy and relaxed thing for teachers and students, because students have solid Chinese literacy and a free and broad Chinese learning space.