On the Function of Surveying and Mapping in Scientific Research

Surveying is a science that studies the acquisition, processing, description and application of geographic information. Its contents include: studying, measuring and describing the shape, size, gravity field, surface morphology and various changes of the earth, determining the spatial position and attributes of natural and artificial objects and facilities, making various maps (including topographic maps) and establishing relevant information systems. Modern surveying and mapping technology has been partially applied to other planets and the moon.

Measurement plays an important role in daily life and occupies a high position. Measurement is indispensable in scientific research. It plays an important role in exploring the mysteries and laws of the earth and deeply understanding and studying various problems of the earth. Surveying and mapping plays an extensive role in national economic construction. Economic development planning, land resources investigation and utilization, marine development, agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery development, ecological environment protection, all kinds of projects, mines, urban construction, etc. must carry out corresponding surveying and mapping work, and establish various maps and corresponding geographic information systems for planning, design, construction, management and decision-making. In modern national defense construction, in order to establish national boundaries and domestic administrative boundaries, mapping spatial database and multimedia geographic information system not only play the role of basic information in actual boundary delineation, but also play an important role in border negotiation, anti-smuggling and drug control, border construction and border management; In addition, social development is inseparable from surveying and mapping, and most activities of social development are carried out in a vast geographical space. Government departments or functional institutions should not only grasp the distribution characteristics of natural and socio-economic factors and resources and environmental conditions in time, but also grasp the spatial development state and the spatial effect of policies.