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What are the cultural areas in China? Including Mongolia, the Korean generation

Three-level division of traditional cultural areas in China;

1. Eastern Agricultural Cultural Zone (northern cultural sub-zone, southern cultural sub-zone)

(1) Kanto Culture Sub-region: The main part is located in the northeast of China, so it is called Kanto Culture Sub-region because it is located in the east of Shanhaiguan. In the history of this area, minority cultures dominated, and before the Ming Dynasty, the main economic type was fishing and hunting. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the cultural exchanges between this area and the Han nationality in Guanzhong were frequent, and the development speed was greatly accelerated. At present, the ethnic groups in this area are mainly Han nationality, among which Manchu is scattered. There are Daur, Oroqen, Ewenki and other ethnic groups in Daxing 'anling area in the west, and there are Korean people in Changbai Mountain area. The traditional economic type of Han nationality and Korean nationality is farming, while most other ethnic minorities are fishing and hunting. Different economic types have different folk customs, beliefs and different art forms. The representative art form is the "duet" in Northeast China.

(2) Zhao Yan Cultural Sub-region: Hebei as the core, Yanshan Mountains as the boundary in the north, Taihang Mountains as the boundary in the west, Bohai Sea in the east and the Central Plains and Jianghuai in the south. The ethnic groups in this area are mainly Han nationality, and the traditional economic type is mainly farming. The folk customs here are rough and unconstrained, and the martial arts are ordinary. There are many heroes in history. There are various art forms in Zhao Yan, such as Beijing Opera, Pingju Opera, Hebei Bangzi and Wuqiao Acrobatics.

(3) Loess Plateau Cultural Sub-region: Relying on the Loess Plateau, it reaches Hexi Corridor in the west, Taihang Mountain in the east, Great Wall in Wan Li in the north and Taibai Mountain in Qinling Mountain in the south. This area is the birthplace of Chinese civilization and the political, economic and cultural center of China before the Song Dynasty. Here has a long history, the main ethnic group is the Han nationality, and the traditional economic type is farming. Thousands of years of cultural development have left a lot of material and cultural landscapes here. Today, Shaanxi Province is called "Underground Cultural Relics Museum" and Shanxi Province is called "Above-ground Cultural Relics Museum". The folk customs here are warm and simple, and the artistic style is high and exciting. The representative art forms are Shaanxi Opera and Shanxi Bangzi.

(4) Central Plains Cultural Sub-region: The core area is now Henan Province, which is also called "Zhongzhou" because it is located in the center of ancient Kyushu. The Yellow River, the symbol of the Chinese nation, runs through the Central Plains. Historically, it is closely related to the culture of the Loess Plateau. It is another political and cultural center of China after the Loess Plateau in ancient times. Because it has long been an imperial capital, there have been many people of insight in the world in history. The main ethnic group in this area is Han nationality, the traditional economic type is farming, and the folk customs are simple and open-minded. Shaolin Wushu and Henan Yu Opera are famous all over the country.

(5) Qilu Culture Sub-region: Shandong Province is the core, and it is also called the land of Qilu because it was the location of Qi and Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period. This area is located in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, with deep and fertile soil. The traditional economic type is agriculture, and there is fishing along the coast. This area is the birthplace of Confucian culture. In the long history of more than 2,000 years, Confucian culture has spread from here to China and even the world, and is regarded as one of the essences of Chinese culture by the world. Under the influence of the upper culture of respecting Confucius and Confucianism, the folk characteristics of Qilu land were formed, emphasizing etiquette and loyalty. Shandong Dagu, Shandong Bangzi and Shandong Kuaishu are the representative art forms in this area.

(6) Huaihe River Basin Cultural Sub-region: As the name implies, it is located in the Huaihe River Basin, generally with the Longhai Railway as the north, the Yangtze River as the south, Henan and Hubei as the west, and the northern coast of Jiangsu as the east, that is, the northern part of Anhui and Jiangsu provinces today. No matter whether the political, economic and cultural center of gravity in ancient China was located in the Yellow River valley or moved to the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, this area was on the edge of the center of gravity and was a transitional zone of physical geography, so the culture in this area also had the transitional characteristics of northern culture and southern culture. One of the manifestations is that although the traditional economy here is mainly farming, the farming form has the characteristics of transition from dry farming to rice farming; Secondly, the language here also has the characteristics of the transition from northern dialect to Wu dialect. The famous art forms in this area include Fengyang ancient painting, Huaihai opera and Liuqin opera.

(7) Bashu Culture Sub-region: Located in Sichuan Basin, Chongqing was the capital of Pakistan more than 3,000 years ago, and Chengdu was the capital of Shu more than 2,400 years ago, so people used to call it the land of Bashu. Although this area is located in the southwest, relying on the rich Chengdu Plain, the traditional farming economy is relatively developed. The situation around the basin in this area is dangerous, which is conducive to attack and defense militarily and has poor communication with the outside world, forming a unique regional culture. Sichuan opera is the main genre of Bashu local opera, which is vivid and humorous.

(8) Jingxiang Culture Sub-region (Jingchu Culture Sub-region): Jianghan-Dongting Lake Plain located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, bounded by Wushan and Wuling Mountains in the west, shogunate and Wugong Mountains separated from wuyue in the east, Tongbai Mountain and Dabie Mountain separated from the Central Plains in the north, and Wuling Mountain in the south. The land here is fertile, the climate is warm and humid, and the traditional planting industry is relatively developed. Some scholars think that this area is another civilization center in ancient China in history, while others think that it is another center after the spread of the Yellow River Civilization Center. Regardless of the relationship between this area and the culture of the Yellow River Basin, people all admit that this area has its own characteristics at all levels of culture, and the Chu culture in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period has an important influence on the cultural development of this area later. In terms of drama, apart from the mature Han Opera, Chu Opera, ancient painting opera and tea-picking opera, there are also rich folk song and dance art forms.

(9) Poyang Lake Cultural Sub-region: Poyang Lake region located on the south bank of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, mainly in Jiangxi Province. This area is surrounded by water (the Yangtze River) and mountains on three sides. The traditional economy is dominated by agriculture. There are many mountains in this area, which affects economic development, but many scenic mountains have been chosen as holy places by Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism, such as Lushan Mountain and Longhu Mountain. The representative art form in this area is Yiyang Opera, which is one of the four major vocal operas in China (the other three are Kunshan Opera in Jiangsu, Yu Yaoqiang Opera in Zhejiang and Haiyan Opera), and its characteristics are bold and unrestrained.

(10) Wuyue Culture Sub-region: located along the Yangtze River Delta and Hangzhou Bay, bordering the Yangtze River Graben in the north, Poyang Lake Plain in the west, Yandang Mountain Range in the south and the vast sea in the east. There are many rivers and lakes in this area, with fertile land, warm and humid climate and developed traditional agriculture. This is a land full of treasures. The rich economy in this area provides a good foundation for the development of spiritual culture. Suzhou Gardens, the beautiful scenery of West Lake, Yunjin, Jin Song, Suzhou Embroidery and Four Treasures of the Study are all directly related to the rich economy. Kunqu Opera and Yue Opera are representative art forms in this area, which fully embodies the delicate, euphemistic, beautiful and mellow characteristics of operas in this area.

(1 1) Lingnan Cultural Division: As the name implies, it is located in the south of Nanling. Backed by mountains and facing the sea, this area has long been on the edge of the core area of Chinese culture, and has been at the intersection of Chinese and foreign cultures since modern times, so it has its unique cultural characteristics. The social and economic development in this area started later than the above-mentioned cultural sub-regions, and the traditional economic type was farming. Cantonese Opera, Guangdong Music and Lingnan Painting School have the most regional characteristics among the art forms in this area.

(12) Cultural sub-regions across the Taiwan Strait in Taiwan Province Province: basically consistent with Fujian and Taiwan provinces today. The western part of the area is connected with Poyang Culture Sub-area, and the northern part and southern part are respectively bordered by Wuyue Culture Sub-area and Lingnan Culture Sub-area. Although the cultures of Taiwan Province Province and Fujian Province have their own characteristics, from the perspective of cultural origin, Taiwan Province Province and Fujian Province are of the same ancestry, and there are still many cultural elements such as Mazu belief closely linked with people on both sides of the strait. This area is mountainous and suitable for agriculture, mainly distributed in coastal plains. The relatively closed geographical environment in mountainous areas has become a reserve or "shelter" for many cultural elements in history, such as the ancient sound of Chinese and the culture of Gaoshan nationality.

2. Southwest minority agricultural cultural area: Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and Hengduan Mountain area are the main areas, including parts of Yunnan, Guizhou and Guangxi today. Although the traditional economic type of this area is agriculture, the characteristics of its cultural complex are very different from those of the eastern agricultural cultural area. This area is a multi-ethnic distribution area, and its cultural characteristics also show the diversified styles of many ethnic minorities. This can be reflected from the daily life, diet and clothing of the material culture layer to the customs, beliefs and arts of the spiritual culture layer.

3. Western nomadic cultural area:

(1) Meng Xin Grassland Desert Nomadic Culture Sub-region: It includes the vast northwest except Shaanxi and Qinghai. The natural environment here is mainly semi-arid and arid areas, so nomadism is the main traditional economic type in this area, and there are also planting and gardening in the plains along the river and scattered oases. The artistic features of this area are rough and bold, warm and cheerful, and different nationalities have different artistic forms.

① Inner Mongolia Cultural Community

② North Xinjiang Cultural Sub-region

③ Southern Xinjiang Cultural Community

(2) The nomadic culture subregion of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: it is located in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and is a unique geographical unit. Although this area has a unique development process in history, its connection with the Central Plains is far more than that with the Indian cultural area in the south of the plateau. Religion plays an important role in the development of cultures at all levels in this region.