Is the Mandarin we speak now closer to the language of the Hu people?

In today’s northern and southern languages, there are much more ancient Chinese in southern dialects than in northern dialects.

The ancient Chinese in the southern dialects has been impacted by the northern dialects that are close to the vernacular, or more directly, Mandarin, so that not many people understand their meaning.

Linguists have always been controversial about the classification of Chinese dialects.

Some people divide Chinese into seven major dialects, some into five major dialects, and some into six major dialects, eight major dialects, or even nine major dialects.

No matter which way of division is adopted, the speakers within these "large dialects" sometimes cannot understand each other. In different dialect areas, people's dialect awareness also has certain differences.

Please allow us to make a simple and crude classification and divide Chinese dialects into two major categories, southern dialects and northern dialects:

Southern dialects include: Wu dialect, Hunan dialect Dialects, Hakka dialects, Fujian dialects, Cantonese dialects, Gan dialects, etc.;

Northern dialects include: Northeastern dialect, Beijing dialect, Hebei-Lu dialect, Jiao-Liao dialect, Central Plains dialect, Lanyin dialect, etc.

Obviously, the "Mandarin" we commonly use today, Mandarin, is based on the northern dialect and is an ancient Chinese with few southern dialects.

Let’s talk about why this phenomenon occurs and give a few examples.

Wok, pronounced huò, mainly means the pot we use for cooking and cooking meat today. "Rituals·Shaolao Li": Sheep wok, hog wok. "Zhou Li?" "Da Zong Bo": Save the livestock wok. Note: "Cooking device." It is an iron vessel shaped like a large basin and used for cooking food.

There is also an idiom accompanying it: wok-soup hell is the seventh level of the eighteen levels of hell, where soup is boiled in a wok and sinners are placed in it to punish them for their sins during their lifetime.

What is certain is that this word has basically disappeared in northern dialects and has been replaced by "pot".

However, in southern dialects, wok still exists. For example, Wu dialect-Oujiang Pian, that is, Wenzhou dialect, has the term "wozao", which means stove, but the sound is changed to "wo".

In addition, perhaps due to the influence of "Wok Soup Hell", in Cantonese in Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao, wok also means pot, but it is pronounced as "wok", which also means causing trouble.

In this way, ancient Chinese was "infiltrated" into the southern dialect and preserved.

At the same time, it "penetrated" into the southern dialect and was preserved in the ancient Tibetan language:

The Wuyue dialect calls "eating" "qiao" (pronounced "knock"). In ancient Tibetan, "eating and drinking" is called "knock" (Tibetan?, pinyin transliterated as mqoe), and its pronunciation is the same as that in Wuyue dialect; in Wuyue dialect, the number "two" is called "ni"; in ancient Tibetan, " "二" is written as ?, the pinyin is translated as nyi, and the pronunciation is the same as that of Wuyue dialect.

The pronunciation of Tibetan numbers is completely different from that of Chinese numbers. Only the pronunciation of "二" in Wuyue dialect is the same as that in ancient Tibetan; and so on.

Let’s talk about Manchu and Khitan in Beijing dialect.

1. Manchu: In Beijing dialect, "don't do la hu at work". This "la hu" means "so-so and something goes wrong". In fact, it is derived from the Manchu "la hu", which means hunting. Insufficient ability; when old Beijingers describe a beautiful woman, they will say, "Who is this girl? She has a bright brand!" In fact, it comes from the Manchu word Kuwariyang, but kuar is pronounced as "Paier". etc.

2. Khitan: That person really knows how to ask "xiáo"! No, it's about learning "xúe"...is it the color of "jiǎo", or the color of "jue"...is it the color of "yào" or "yùe" for jumping...aren't these "polyphonic characters"? But are there rules found in these broken words? One group is "ao"; the other group is "ue".

In fact, the original group pronounced "ao" is Khitan dialect.

Another example: Yao, Zhu, Yue, Jiao, Jiao, Yao, Xue, Chew, Jue, Yue, Yue, etc. In modern Mandarin, some have only one sound, while others have "ao", " ue" coexist.

According to the evolution rules of the Chinese language, those pronounced with "ue" are Chinese legitimate children, while those with "ao" are adopted from outside.

Although this "ao" sound is now spreading throughout China with the power of Chinese polyphonic characters, scholars have discovered its specificity very early on. It is a child that appeared out of thin air and was popular in the fourteenth century. New sounds from Dadu (near Beijing).

Beijing dialect is a regional microcosm of northern dialects. In addition to Manchu and Khitan, it is also mixed with dialects of other ethnic minorities.

Take Mongolian as an example: In addition to the "hutong" (original meaning of "water well" in Mongolian) that is highly recognized by academic circles and reflects "streets and alleys", there are also some Beijing dialects that directly borrow from Mongolian languages, such as , the sound "Gada" means the youngest brother in the family in Mongolian, and the old Beijing dialect "Lao Geda" borrows this Mongolian word to mean the youngest child in the family.

In addition, Khitan is the language of the Khitan people. This language is still used by some elders of the Daur people, but it is generally considered to belong to the Mongolian language family.

Of course, the languages ??of ethnic minorities not only affect Beijing dialect, but more importantly, they affect "Central Plains" and "China". Let's tell a joke first:

Beijing people teach Henan people to sing: "Sun, my great mother, you rise from the east and set from the west every day..."

Also Before they finished singing, the people from Henan said to the people from Beijing: "Are you tired? Look at how we sang!"

The people from Henan then sang: "O sun! My mother-in-law, you Seeing the sun slipping up from the east and coming down from the west, are you panicking or not?"

What is certain is that there must be a small number of people who are "frightened but not panicful". National flavor. Henan dialect, also known as Yu dialect, is a Mandarin dialect of the Central Plains of China and a dialect spoken in Henan Province.

In a narrow sense, Henan was called Zhongzhou, Central Plains, and China in ancient times. It was the political, cultural, and economic center of all Chinese dynasties before the Southern Song Dynasty. Since the Tang Dynasty, literati and poets of all dynasties have referred to the dialects of the "Luoyang" area in the world. as a lingua franca across the country.

Therefore, Luoyang dialect is called the beginning of Chinese pronunciation. As the "national language", it has made an outstanding contribution in China's thousands of years of splendid history and civilization. It is also the "standard Mandarin" in ancient times. Emperors, officials, intellectuals Members of the upper class, such as Luoyang, are proud of being able to speak "Luoyang accent" and consider it a symbol of identity and status.

However, this "make the inner panic but not the inner panic" does not exist in our ancient Chinese.

Let’s talk about the general area of ??Northwest dialect. It would be a big mistake to say that it was only the ethnic minorities in northern China that influenced the dialects of northern China.

For example: Guanzhong (Baoji) dialect contains a large amount of ancient Chinese, mixed with a large amount of ancient Turkic and ancient Persian. The locals call "small" "蕞" (sui also pronounced zuì), and "good" "彽(liáo) too", etc., and the correspondences can be found in ancient Chinese. Ji Kang's "Treatise on Health Preservation": The husband is driven by the most powerful person, and the one who attacks is not Yi Tu. "Guangyun": "嫽" is good. Between Qing, Xu and Haidai, it is called "嫽".

Corresponding to ancient Turkic and ancient Persian are:

Krimaza - hurry up; hibulaiyin - sloppy; Mada - problem; yes - yes ?; Wait.

Someone told a story using "Krima": When I was a child, my parents disliked me for being "slow" (grinding, grinding, slow), and one of the words they often said was "Krima" ".

At that time, I understood that the meaning of this word was to hurry up, but I always wondered why it was expressed as "quick". At that time, I thought that maybe there used to be a person named "Krimaca" who worked quickly and quickly, so later in Shaanxi dialect, this name was used to refer to "fast".

So, when I was a child, was "Moji" the same person?

No! "Moji" is actually a dialect of the North China Plain. "Krimaza" is ancient Persian, and those who speak it are not necessarily Guanzhong people. As far as we know, this word appears in most dialects in the northwest.

Okay, now we can go back to the question mentioned earlier - why does this happen?

The reason is actually very simple: in the past, including now, the north has always been the political center, and the national integration in this center is often accompanied by wars, and wars have caused some people to move south. , it is absolutely normal for ancient Chinese to be preserved in the relatively peaceful south.

Language is not only sounds and words. Sometimes, it is more like a lamp that can illuminate the way we came. It not only illustrates the development and prosperity of our culture in an eclectic way, but also tells the story of the development and prosperity of our culture. The Chinese nation has been a pluralistic nation since ancient times.