Introduction of computer interfaces

First, the common multimedia interface types of notebook computers

① VGA interface-old

②S- video interface-old

③ HDMI interface -modem

④ DisplayPort interface-modern apple

⑤ 3.5mm audio interface-Modern Apple

2. Notebook wired data transmission interface

①e-SATA interface-old

② Mini IEEE 1394 interface-old Apple

③Thunderbolt lightning interface-Apple Hyundai

④USB and Type-C interface-Modern

⑤RJ-45 interface-modern

6. Multifunctional card reader interface-modern

⑦SIM card interface-Modern

3. Notebook wireless data transmission interface

① Wireless WIFI Apple Hyundai

② Wireless Bluetooth Apple Hyundai

③ Modern mobile network of operators

Go straight to the point ~

Let me tell you a few code names I gave myself.

Always means this product is very old.

Modern representative This is the interface of modern notebook products.

Apple said that this is a common interface for Apple notebooks, but it is not necessarily unique to Apple.

First, the common multimedia interface types of notebook computers

①VGA interface is relatively old: the interface used to transmit (analog) video signals can be used to connect the monitor.

However, VGA is an old interface, which occupies a large position and is not suitable for modern notebooks developing in the direction of thinness. So modern notebooks and monitors have banned VGA interface and other interfaces.

VGA interface

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② Old S-video interface: The S-terminal interface is an ancient interface, and the highest output resolution can only reach 1024×768, which is not suitable for the transmission of high-definition video.

Old can't be old, but it is a necessity of equipment in the past.

Socket and connecting cable

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(3) Modern ③HDMI interface: It is a very popular interface, which can transmit both (digital) video signals and audio signals, and can connect monitors and televisions? (^? ^*)。

At the same time, different devices will be equipped with different interfaces. For example, some high-end cameras will be equipped with Micro HDMI or Mini HDMI to directly output to TV or display screen to watch pictures, but the body is still HDMI.

Different HDMI interfaces

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④DisplayPort interface Modern Apple: referred to as DP interface, which is the latest and most powerful multimedia interface at present.

Why is it the latest? Because DisplayPort has experienced the development of 1. 1 and 1.3 generations, the current generation of 1.4 can provide bandwidth as high as 32.4Gbps, support 4K 120Hz output of 10 bit color, and also support 8K 60Hz and 32. Most importantly, this is a thin interface, which can be made very small!

Different DP interfaces

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⑤3.5mm audio interface Modern Apple: traditional audio transmission interface.

In the past, the earphone port and microphone port were separated, but now it has gradually developed into one port, which is a common interface for all notebooks and is generally used for sound input and output.

Old independent audio port

2. Notebook wired data transmission interface

① Old e-SATA interface: extended SATA interface.

Can connect SATA devices: hard disk, CD-ROM drive, etc. And support hot plug, the theoretical speed is 1.5Gbps or 3Gbps. In the previous era, the e-SATA interface only appeared on high-end devices. Because it exceeds the transmission speed of USB2.0 of 480Mbps and Apple's interface of IEEE 1394 of 400Mbps, the frequency of interface appearance decreases, and the speed is no longer comparable to the development of USB, so it is gradually banned.

ESATA interface

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②Mini IEEE 1394 Interface Old Apple: This interface is a serial standard developed by Apple, commonly known as Firewire Interface.

Like USB, IEEE 1394 also supports hot plug of peripherals, which can supply power to peripherals, save the power supply of peripherals, connect multiple different devices and support synchronous data transmission. However, this kind of interface only appears on very old equipment and is rarely seen in new products.

Mini IEEE 1394 interface

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3 3 ③Thunderbolt lightning interface Apple Hyundai: the product of cooperation between Intel and Apple.

On the first and second generation lightning interfaces, the interface used is the same as the Mini DP interface. After two generations of updates, the third generation lightning bandwidth speed reaches 40Gbps, and the power supply capacity reaches 100W, which is designed with Type-C interface. Moreover, compared with USB, Thunderbolt 3 has more functions, such as driving high-resolution display, notebook external graphics card, and even expanding a thunderbolt interface into seven or eight different interfaces.

The difference between lightning interface and lightning interface can be identified by whether there is a lightning sign.

First and second generation lightning interface

The third generation lightning interface

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4 ④USB and Type-C interfaces are modern: almost every family has a computer interface, but Type-C is becoming more and more popular.

USB has the advantages of fast transmission speed, convenient use, hot plug support, flexible connection and independent power supply. Almost all external devices can be connected, and the transmission speed and power supply capacity are constantly improving with different versions.

Speed analysis of annotations in different versions of Baidu Encyclopedia

From the figure, we can see that USB2.0 is only 480Mbps, and USB3.0 has reached 5Gpbs! At the same time, with the support of Nokia N 1 and Apple Computer for Type-C, the market of Type-C was instantly opened. Modern Android phones now come standard with the powerful interface of Type-C (except the blue-green factory), and the Type-C interface on Apple computers supports the Thunderbolt 3 protocol. Type-C interface is the future development trend. Although there is a feature of "random insertion before and after", because the protocol supported by Type-C can be USB2.0 or Thunderbolt 3, it covers a wide range and can be used by users to formulate different schemes. Is a very powerful transmission interface! Because of its exquisiteness, it can be deployed on mobile phones, computers and USB flash drives, and has a Type-C interface.

It can be used as video transmission line, data line, charging line, etc. , according to the user's usage.

On the left is the USB(Type)-C interface, and on the right is the USB-A interface.

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⑤RJ-45 interface is modern: today, the main function of this interface is network connection.

Some notebooks are equipped with 1000Mbps interface and1000 Mbps interface according to different time. Nowadays, laptops generally deploy gigabit network ports. Although there used to be RJ- 1 1 interface, RJ-1interface is not internationally standardized, so it is not compatible with RJ-45. Although it can be physically inserted into each other, it may cause damage. At present, the number of RJ- 1 1 interfaces has gradually decreased.

RJ-45 interface

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⑥ Modern interface of multifunctional card reader: a slot for reading and writing data cards.

Generally, notebooks are equipped with multifunctional card readers, and the most common one is the three-in-one card reader. That is, you can read three kinds of memory cards. Usually SD card, MMC card and MS card. SD card is the most commonly used one. At present, high-end notebooks are generally equipped with multi-function card readers, but Apple notebooks have now cancelled the scheme of using full Type-C in this design.

Multifunctional card reader socket

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⑦ Modern ⑦SIM card interface: used to identify the identity of operators' customers.

Usually, business notebooks, tablet computers and high-end notebooks will be equipped with SIM card slots, and network standard cards that can be inserted into SIM card slots, such as 4G3G2G, depend on the support of network cards.

Notebook SIM card slot

3. Notebook wireless data transmission interface

① Wireless WIFI Apple Hyundai: Wireless connection to electronic terminals.

Wireless network refers to the "wireless compatibility certification" in the field of wireless local area network, which is essentially a commercial certification and a wireless networking technology. In the past, computers were connected by network cables, while Wi-Fi was connected by radio waves.

Wireless router is common, so within the effective range of radio wave coverage of this wireless router, Wi-Fi connection can be used for networking. If a wireless router is connected to an ADSL line or other Internet access line, it is also called a hotspot.

At present, wireless networks usually use 2.4G UHF or 5G SHF ISM radio frequency bands, commonly known as 2.4G wireless networks and 5G wireless networks.

At present, high-end notebooks are usually equipped with 5G and 2.4G compatible network cards. Generally, the transmission speed of 5G of 2x2 antenna is 866Mbps regardless of obstacles, and the limit speed of 2.4G is 300Mbps. Low-end notebooks are generally equipped with 2.4G network cards. But remember that the permeability of 5G is not as good as 2.4G

Connect the WIFI connection of the laptop at home.

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② Wireless Bluetooth Apple Hyundai: a short-range wireless communication technology.

Now the development of Bluetooth technology has gone from 1. 1 version with a bandwidth of only 72 1Kbps to the current version 4.2. Now version 4.2 of Bluetooth technology has low power consumption, high privacy function, even IP connection, and the bandwidth and effective range have been improved. IPv6 protocol was introduced into Bluetooth standard.

Bluetooth version 4.2 is an ideal choice for networked homes and Internet of Things applications.

Nowadays, the theoretical transmission speed of Bluetooth technology in version 4.2 has reached 60Mbps.

Bluetooth application scenario

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③ Modern operator's mobile network: use operator's mobile network to connect the network.

We know that there are few notebooks that support the use of SIM cards, but if supported, it will greatly improve the convenience of business people. So even if the notebook support is less and the price is expensive, there will still be a certain market there. At present, the carrier network that notebooks can use is the same as that of mobile phones, which requires network cards to support different mobile network signal systems. At present, there are the most notebooks supporting 3G network on the market, and now they are gradually turning to 4G.

It should be noted that although the downlink rate of 4G networks can theoretically reach 100 Mbps to 150Mbps, it depends on the situation in real life, generally around 50Mbps.

In addition, the current Apple notebook does not support SIM card insertion.

The most obvious change is that it has become more and more mini from the previous silly big black thick, but its function is more and more powerful. What interfaces are there on the computer? I'll introduce it to you today. 3.5-inch audio interface, fiber coaxial interface, esata introduced before will not be introduced.

1: serial port (COM)/ parallel port (LPT)

COM and LPT are the veterans of computer interface, which were formulated by American Electronics Industry Association in 1970 and have been improved twice. The earliest serial port is a 25-core plug, not the 9-core plug we often see today. Later, it was improved by IBM to a 9-core D port with the highest speed of 10Mbps. LPT, like the early COM port, is also a 25-pin connector, which is used to connect printers with the highest speed of 1.5mbps, and was used to connect mice, modems, printers and other devices in the early days. However, COM port can really be regarded as a veteran of computer interface. Even for a few days, we can still see all kinds of COM interface devices, although they have been gradually replaced by USB. But be careful not to confuse it with VGA interface.

2:PS/2

The name of PS/2 interface comes from1personal computer introduced by IBM in 987. In the early days, it was seen in various compatible computers. Although PS/2 interface can be seen now, it has basically been replaced by USB. PS/2 interface is used to connect mouse and keyboard. Early PS/2 interface keyboard and mouse interface can't be mixed. Because one is two-way communication and the other is one-way communication.

3: Game port

Game ports are common in computers in the 1990s. It has 15 pins and is designed by IBM. In the early days, it was used to connect various game devices, such as digital joysticks and game controllers. Since windows vista, Microsoft has completely abandoned its support for game ports.

4:IEEE 1394

Also called firewire interface, it was developed by Apple's leadership and was born in 1994. Its transmission speed is from the earliest 100Mbit/s to the highest 3.2Gbit/s now. Mainly used in external hard disks, external drives, digital audio-visual players and other devices, allowing users to edit videos directly through IEE 1394 interface. The cpu usage is lower than that of USB2.0, but the high license fee is a problem, which also makes USB2.0 from the side.

5:RJ-45

Is our common network interface, and its history can be traced back to1960 through AT&; T RJ 1 1 telephone line interface. RJ-45 has two connections, T568A and T568B. Our most common connection is T568B, that is, white orange white green blue white blue green white brown brown connection. In fact, under normal circumstances, you only need to connect four wires to work normally.

6:USB

USB was developed by Microsoft, IBM, intel and other companies in 1994. At that time, there were not only many complex interfaces such as COM port, PS/2 and LPT, but also the problem that drivers had to be restarted after installation. So plug-and-play USB supporting hot plug came into being. At present, USB can basically connect all external devices. The earliest USB 1.0 transmission rate was only 1.5Mbps, but now the USB3.2 standard on the road has reached 20Gbps. USB interface has many shapes, such as mico-USB, usb3. 1-typec, Mini-A, etc.

7: Express Card

Express card interface was formulated by PCMCIA Association in 2003. Used for notebook expansion. It uses both PCI-E* 1 and USB protocols, which is several times faster than the old cardbus. At one time, the interface of Express card was very brilliant, and some people even modified the external graphics card with Express card, which shows its popularity. But now it has been replaced by various new interfaces.

8: thunderbolt

The earliest Thunderbolt interface was mainly developed by Intel in 2009 to replace USB interface. The first version of Lightning 20 1 1 came into the market with MBP, but it could not compete with the slow but free USB3.0 because of the high license fee of Lightning port, and finally it did not become the mainstream. The earliest lightning took PCI-E2.0x4 and DP 1. 1a protocols. Now Thunderbolt 3 is PCI-E3.0x4 and DP 1.2 protocols. On the interface, the interface shape of Thunderbolt 3 is the same as USB-TypeC C .. So the USB-C interface of some notebooks can be used for both lightning and USB.