What are the customs of Hui people?

Hui people's clothing is neat, beautiful, simple, comfortable, clean and hygienic, and they don't wear glamorous and luxurious clothes, especially men don't wear colorful clothes and don't wear different crowns; It is not surprising to love beauty, "light makeup is always appropriate." Usually, its style is similar to that of Han costumes, mainly marked on the head. Men like to wear a small white hat with no brim, commonly known as a "worship hat". People who pay attention to it also tattoo exquisite patterns on the round hat. Old men like to grow beards to show their dignity. Hui people regard white as the cleanest, happiest and most innocent color. In hot summer, wearing white can reflect heat and so on. Therefore, wearing a white hat and white clothes has become one of the characteristics of Hui costume customs. Hui women often wear hijab, which aims to cover their hair, ears and neck. Hui people think this is a shame for women and need to be guarded strictly. The custom of the Hui people wearing hijab is influenced by Arab countries. In the Arab region, there used to be a lot of wind and sand, and there were few water sources, so it was difficult for people to bathe themselves in time at ordinary times. In order to prevent sandstorm and be hygienic, the women sewed their own headscarves that can cover their faces and protect their hair. Later, many Arab and Persian businessmen brought this custom to China. Covers are mostly made of yarn, silk and cloth, and the colors are green, white, black and various colors. But it's open now. You don't have to take it.

In daily language, Hui people are afraid to say "kill", such as killing cattle, sheep and chickens, but should say "kill cattle, sheep and chickens". Taboo said fat beef, only said strong beef dishes, strong beef, taboo said beef fat, said beef strong. It is forbidden to use the word "pig", and all words that use the word "pig" are insulting names and so on.

Muslim diet of Hui nationality mainly consists of beef, mutton, chicken, duck, fresh fruits and vegetables and other non-staple foods. It pays special attention to cleanliness and hygiene, and it is advisable to keep them fresh. Unslaughtered chickens, ducks, cows and sheep are not eaten. Do not eat pork and all foods mixed with pork and lard, do not eat the meat of dogs, horses, mules, donkeys and wild animals, do not eat the blood of land animals and animals that have died, and do not drink or smoke.

Muslim cuisine is closely related to the local geographical and climatic conditions. At the same time, it pays attention to absorbing the essence of cooking from other places or other ethnic groups, forming the cooking skills of frying, frying, frying, steaming, marinating, stewing, stewing and using special sweet soy sauce, highlighting the local flavor and greatly enriching the varieties of halal dishes. Qingzhen cuisine is unique among many ethnic minority cuisines in Yunnan. The dishes it cooks are light, hot, fresh, fragrant and strong, mellow and sweet, and full of nutrition. Such as fried beef jerky, tripe, cold chicken, cold slices, etc. Oil incense is regarded as a holy thing, and there are funerals and happy events. Please ask the imam to recite the scriptures and distribute them to relatives and neighbors for tasting. When Hui people eat oily incense, they should put the face of oily incense on it, break it off with their right hand and not bite it.

Hui people are hospitable, courteous and courteous. When they meet their elders, the younger generation should stop, say hello to them, and take the initiative to shake hands with them, commonly known as "handshakes". Hui women are forbidden to shake hands with the opposite sex. Between peers and elders, they only call the younger generation by their first names and don't mention their surnames to show their kindness. The younger generation calls their elders according to their seniority, such as elder brother, sister, uncle, empress, Baba [pronounced the third time (grandpa)] and grandma. When guests arrive home, they should be seated according to their seniority, with the elders in front and the younger generation behind, and they are not allowed to walk back and forth in front of the guests. When eating, let the guests eat first, and then the host can move chopsticks. It is forbidden to make a sound when eating, or to blow or suck out a sound when drinking tea. When pouring water and adding vegetables to the guests, you should dial inward and pour, and it is very taboo to dial outward with backhand. Accompanying guests for dinner is also very particular. Male guests are accompanied by the host and female guests by the hostess. Hui people are very particular about reciprocity, and they should give gifts to each other at weddings and funerals to show their concern.

Hui people regard drinking tea as a good treat for their guests. Whenever guests come to their homes for Eid al-Adha, Eid al-Fitr or weddings, the host will warmly hand you a cup of tea first, and bring some melon seeds and fruits for you to have tea. Tea is the bond of friendship. Whether it is the eldest brother of the Han nationality or brothers of other nationalities, when they visit the homes of the Hui people, they will deeply feel that the Hui brothers are hospitable and generous, with fragrant tea and stronger feelings.

Marriage custom:

Hui people are opposed to never marrying or not marrying for life. They follow the principle of "if there is no wealth in marriage, they must choose kindness", oppose "asking for eight characters and competing for money", advocate intra-ethnic marriage, and conditionally allow marriage with foreigners, but one of the foreigners must go through a religious ceremony. The marriage customs of the southern Hui people in Yunnan are unique, and the marriage customs are not consistent because they live in different mountains and rivers and in different urban and rural areas. Marriage of Hui nationality generally goes through love, engagement and wedding. Hui youth are free to fall in love, or they know each other or are introduced by others. Parents are in charge, but my consent is the premise. The wedding took place under the auspices of the imam. Engagement: If both men and women are congenial and willing to tie the knot, the man's parents will entrust someone to "propose marriage" to the woman's parents. After further contact and understanding, if both men and women are satisfied, the parents will undertake and hold an engagement ceremony to formally establish their engagement relationship. Men send a certain amount of betrothal gifts to women. Nowadays, the betrothal gifts are mostly clothes, cloth, gold jewelry and cash. The amount and value of betrothal gifts depend on the man's economic conditions. Engagement ceremonies are often held at the woman's house in the evening. At that time, the imam is invited to chant Buddhist scripture, and friends and relatives are invited to have tea and steamed cakes. Weddings: most of them are held in winter, and most of them are held on Friday, and they have tea the night before, and come to relatives and friends to congratulate and give gifts. The wedding was held in the afternoon. Accompanied by relatives and friends, the groom went to the bride's house to meet his relatives, and at the same time delivered the wedding gifts to her home. Accompanied by relatives and friends, the bride goes to the groom's house with the groom and the bride-to-be, and at the same time delivers the dowry to the groom's house. After the bride takes it home, the imam reads "Nikaha" for the bride and groom (pronouncing the wedding words in Arabic) and asks the bride and groom if they want to be married. After the answer was agreed, the imam announced in public: "From now on, you two are officially married." And warned a couple to respect and love each other and grow old together. After the ceremony, there was a lively "playing the groom". In some places, the in-laws have to be teased, and the young people whose parents were rushed by bees painted their faces with prepared ink or black ash at the bottom of the pot to add to the festive atmosphere of the wedding. The wedding night will also be "noisy." Young men and women creatively let the bride and groom perform "programs", which is neither out of line nor hilarious. Three days later, the groom accompanied the bride "back to the door", that is, back to her family.

Birthday ceremony:

The Hui people also call the name of the sutra Hui. When a Hui baby is born for three to seven days, it has become a long-standing historical tradition and habit of the Hui people to ask an imam or a respected elder to name his baby. According to the sex of the baby, the imam will choose a noble saint or saint's name to tell his family, and then tell his child his name in mind after the child is sensible. Boys are generally named as Muhammad, Umar, daud, Khalid and Ibrahim, while girls are often named as Aishe, Fatima and Sofia. Naming the baby in this way is to commemorate these saints and sages, and to express good luck and wishes. When choosing a name for a baby, it is not necessary to follow the order of the saints, sages and the family members of the baby, but not to repeat the names of the family members of the baby. In addition, all adults who are half converted to Islam also need to ask the imam to give them a name. (But now some people have omitted it, so they should name their elders.)

Funeral:

It is mainly carried out according to Islamic customs. Hui people should avoid using the word "death" when they call death "impermanence" or "returning to the truth". They should call the remains "burial" and the funeral ceremony "burial". The dead person's face and body should be beautiful and clean. The burial body should be shaved, the beard trimmed, the long hair cut off, and the long hair in other parts should be cut short or shaved off. Also trim your fingers and toenails to remove dirt. Wash the buried body with water in a soup bottle.

Hui people carry out burial. The so-called burial means that the body is directly buried in the soil without a coffin, and the red river area is buried with vertical shafts and horizontal holes to show the memory of their ancestors. Hui people, regardless of wealth and position, regardless of gender, regardless of age, all use the same "kafan" (white cloth for the dead) to wrap the body and bury it in a cemetery, occupying the same size of place, and taking the grave as a safe place, without any sacrificial objects. If the deceased has metal teeth or dentures, they should also be removed, thinking that they will not be brought with them if they are alive. Quick burial is a short time for the deceased to park at home, usually in the morning and at noon; Death at noon, faint burial; Die late and be buried the next morning. If the relatives of the deceased need to arrive in the field or take time to prepare for the funeral, the "buried body" is usually parked at home for only one night, at most two nights, and will be buried on the third day. The funeral host's family doesn't treat guests or hold funeral meals, but relatives and neighbors have to send money and rice to support them. To show that a family is in trouble, it not only saves the expenses of bereavement, but also reflects the unity of the Hui people.

Festivals:

Traditional Hui festivals have cultural characteristics such as exchange, study and trade. During the Hui people's festivals, the mosque is generally the center. Before and after the ceremony, Muslims, young and old from all directions gather together to exchange feelings with each other, talk about their feelings, and deepen the exchanges between relatives and friends. Some people who have had misunderstandings and contradictions on weekdays, greet each other and apologize through the elders during the festival. In recent years, with the development of commodity economy, Muslim brothers have also exchanged economic information with each other.

Chinese New Year is, of course, the first day of January in the lunar calendar. 57 ethnic groups in China celebrate the New Year together. It's just different food.