How to write Xin Lei's ancient poems

zhang weiping

The creation is silent but affectionate, and every time it is cold, it feels spring.

Colorful arrangements, just waiting for the first sound of the new thunder.

Ji Hai's Miscellaneous Poems (5)

gong zizhen

The vast sadness of parting extends to the setting sun, away from Beijing, riding a whip to the east, feeling that people are on earth.

I quit my job and go home, just like a flower falling from a branch, but this is not a heartless thing. It can be turned into the soil of spring and can also play a role in nurturing the next generation.

(1) In the new thunder, where is the creation of "sentimentality" reflected? Why do you say "just wait for the first thunder"? (2 points)

(2) What is the difference between the thoughts and feelings of the last sentence of the two poems? (4 points)

This year, the author, as the marking leader of the fourth question in Chongqing College Entrance Examination, is responsible for the marking of ancient Chinese translation, appreciation of ancient poems and dictation of famous sentences. I am deeply touched by the appreciation of ancient poetry. Now let's talk about my feelings.

I. Explanation of the applicant's intention

This year's appreciation of ancient poems in Chongqing Volume is a comparative appreciation of two poems, just like Hubei Volume. Judging from the selected materials of ancient poems, Gong Zizhen's Miscellaneous Things in the Sea (Part V) is a junior high school textbook, and a chapter that students have learned can be regarded as a "familiar chapter". Zhang Weiping's poem "Xin Lei" is regarded as a "novel", which matches students' knowledge and ability and conforms to the basic idea of college entrance examination proposition; Judging from the proposer's intention, it originates from the textbook, but it is not limited to the textbook, which actually points out the direction for teaching. While doing a good job in teaching materials and consolidating the reading foundation of students' ancient poems, we should also cultivate students' migration ability and let students appreciate ancient poems to a certain extent; Judging from the topic of setting, there are two problems in Chongqing volume. There are two small questions about the first question. The first question is, "In New Thunder, where is the creation of' sentimentality'?" This question mainly tests students' understanding of key words in poetry. Throughout the national college entrance examination questions, almost all of them test the understanding of key words in poetry, such as: the second question of Liaoning ancient poetry appreciation, "Please appreciate the wonderful use of the word' bright' in combination with the whole poem". The second question is "why do you say' just wait for the first thunder'?" This is actually a test of students' specific understanding of poetry. Almost all the college entrance examination papers across the country have tested the specific understanding of poetry. For example, the first question of Anhui ancient poetry appreciation is "What does the content emphasize?" What role does it play in the structure of the film? "The second question is" What is the difference between the thoughts and feelings of the last sentence of the two poems ",which is ostensibly to test the understanding of the last sentence of the two poems, but actually to test the students' overall grasp of the two poems.

Due to the number of questions and scores, this year's appreciation of ancient poetry in Chongqing failed to test the expression and artistic techniques. Many provinces and cities across the country have this test. Failure to take the exam this year does not mean that they will not take the exam next year. Teachers and students in the third year of next year must pay attention to this.

Second, the interpretation of scoring rules

The research on the scoring law of college entrance examination will help to review the college entrance examination in the coming year and improve the scoring rate. College entrance examination scores are very particular about scoring points, and candidates must have the awareness of scoring points. For example, the first question in this year's appreciation of ancient poetry in Chongqing is "In New Thunder, where is the creation of' sentimentality'? Why do you say' just wait for the first thunder?' There are two questions in this question, ***2 points, and candidates should guess one point. The first short answer is actually to test students' ability to filter information, and the answer is in the original poem. As long as you answer two of the three key words "Juechunsheng", "Arrangement" and "Only Stay" correctly, you will get 1 point; if you answer correctly, you will not get points; if you copy the original poem, you will not get points. The second short answer only needs to answer "new thunder", suggesting that spring is coming (of course, people who answer figuratively or symbolically also get extra points). In fact, this answer is also based on the key words in the original poem "but affectionate", "cold spring life" and "colorful". The second question is "What is the difference between the thoughts and feelings entrusted by the last sentence of the two poems". Candidates should guess that the thoughts and feelings entrusted by the last sentence of each poem get 2 points correctly. The last sentence of "New Thunder" entrusts the author's desire (hope) for a new life and new atmosphere (future, future, prospect, opportunity, life ...). The last sentence of Ji Hai's Miscellaneous Poems (Part V) entrusts the author with new things (younger generation, younger generation) When making grading standards, we should consider the reality of students as much as possible. In the process of operation, in order to give points, try to give points; Try not to deduct points if you can. Judging from the marking situation, the scoring rate of the first question is high, and the scoring rate of the second question is low, with an average of about 3 points. Generally speaking, the score rate of this question is low. This shows that the appreciation of ancient poetry is still a difficult point in Chinese teaching in senior high schools.

The answering skills of appreciating three ancient poems

1, make sure what is written. Every poem is an expression of the author's feelings, and it is necessary to express the author's thoughts and feelings, such as homesickness, homesickness, sadness, longing, and perhaps feelings about society and life. How to master the content written by the author accurately and quickly in the college entrance examination and express your thoughts and feelings? First of all, we should grasp the title, author and comment. The title of a poem often tells us the content of the poem. Famous poets often have a specific life background, and his poems should express specific thoughts and feelings. Solutions and notes often hint at our thinking direction in answering questions. For example, Liaoning chose Su Shi's Dongpo, which was interpreted as "[Note] ① This poem was written by Su Shi when he was demoted to Huangzhou. Dongpo is where Su Shi lives and works in Huangzhou. According to the introduction of Su Shi in middle school textbooks, we know that he was demoted to Huangzhou because of Wutai Poetry Case. During this period, most of his works showed a clear spiritual realm and optimistic and broad-minded feelings. Knowing this, it is not difficult to answer the correct questions. Secondly, grasp the key words of poetry. Key words often reveal the author's understanding of life and society and the trend of his thoughts and feelings. For example, in this year's Chongqing Volume, the understanding of the last sentence of Gong Zizhen's Poetry in the Sea (Part V) should grasp the three key words of "protecting flowers more". Third, pay attention to the implied meaning of words. An important feature of poetry is implication, which is often one way or another. Chinese characters have profound and even multiple meanings in their bones. Appreciating ancient poetry is to chew out the deep taste in their bones. This year's appreciation of ancient poetry in Hubei, the word "loud" in Su Shi's Dongpo poems vividly depicts the loud and powerful sound made by the collision between a walking stick and a stone, which is in sharp contrast with the tranquility and serenity of Dongpo under the moon. Combined with the above explanation of the bumpy road, readers can appreciate the author's persistence in faith and optimistic and open-minded feelings. Fourth, pay attention to the use of allusion. Allusions and myths and legends generally have relatively fixed meanings. Poets often use allusions to make their works larger in capacity, deeper in thought, more expressive, and wider in space for readers to associate. Understanding allusions is very helpful for us to grasp the whole poem as a whole.

2. Find out how it is written. When writing poetry, you should emphasize the rules and regulations. Mr. Ye Shengtao said: "The author thinks that there is a way to know the truth by following the path. The author has good thoughts and began to follow the relatives in Rome. " Reading should accurately grasp the connotation of poetry according to its characteristics. First, grasp the typical details. Poets often reveal their thoughts and feelings through details, such as: Li Shangyin's Final Residence, "Moss and mangrove trees under the steps, sorrow in the rain and the moon". With the help of the descriptions of moss, rainbow trees, rainy scenes and the moon, the poet endowed the objective scenery with a strong main color, created a cold atmosphere, and expressed his sadness, loneliness and homesickness. Secondly, grasp the overall structure of the whole poem, because the structure of the poem is different, and the ideas and themes that the poet should highlight are different. In this year's appreciation of ancient poems in Sichuan, the first question of "Night Return" is "How does this poem control the whole article with" Night Return "? A brief comment on the whole poem. " This question is actually to test students' grasp of the overall structure. Third, grasp the relationship between the part and the whole. The second question of this year's Chongqing volume, "What are the differences between the thoughts and feelings entrusted by the last sentence of two poems", is to test students' grasp of the relationship between the part and the whole. Fourth, learn to analyze the artistic conception and expression angle of poetry. Generally, short poems are selected in the college entrance examination, and these poems often rely on scenery to express their feelings and express their heartfelt feelings. In the appreciation of poetry in college entrance examination, we should pay special attention to the description of scenery in poetry, so as to find out what artistic conception the author has formed through which scenery. For example: this year's Anhui volume, Liu Guo "Liu Zaoqing? Send "the chrysanthemum cup is deep, blow the plum blossom far away, and both capital city are there." Gather and disperse in a hurry, lonely geese by the clouds, duckweeds on the water. How can we teach people not to get hurt? Feel a few degrees, the soul flies and dreams are shocked. Acacia after the night, the dust goes with the horse, and the moon sails. "

Poets are good at borrowing scenery to express their feelings. The first part uses the metaphor of "a lonely goose on the cloud and duckweed on the water" to express the pain of parting, and the next part uses the metaphor of "the dust goes with the horse and the moon goes with the boat" to express the feelings of missing. Secondly, pay attention to the rendering of the environment. In poetry, poets often render the atmosphere and express their thoughts and feelings by describing the environment. You must pay attention to this when you appreciate poetry. This year's appreciation of ancient poetry in Hubei Province, the second question, "How does" Spring Farewell "integrate feelings into the scenery? Please make a short compliment. " This question is actually to test this knowledge point.

3 expression. Throughout the past few years, the appreciation of ancient poems in the college entrance examination has basically formed a fixed model, all of which are objective expressions. In the college entrance examination, many candidates lack proper scoring skills when expressing themselves and lose their due scores. First, the expression should be related to the topic, and the content asked by the proposer should be reviewed. For example, the first question in this year's appreciation of ancient poetry in Chongqing is "Where is the creative feeling reflected in New Thunder"? Many candidates answered "colorful", and "colorful" is the result of "new thunder", not the place where "feelings" are created. Second, we should filter the answer information from the original text. The appreciation of ancient poetry in the college entrance examination should not be too remote and difficult, and the answer information can basically be captured from the topics, authors, original poems, notes and so on. This is the first topic in the appreciation of ancient poetry in Chongqing this year. Third, the expression should be accurate and the key points should be prominent. The entry point of the answer should be accurate and the language should be accurate. What to ask and answer should be clear, targeted and focused. For example, in this year's second volume of the country, the first question is "A few beautiful and wet flowers are crying red". What kind of picture does this sentence show? Did the author write this sentence to cherish spring? Why? "The first short answer is to ask candidates to express their views, yes or no, and the second short answer is to ask candidates to grasp this picture to explain their views and understand the meaning of the question, so that they will not find the direction of the answer. Fourth, the answer should be consistent. You can't grasp a poem or two in isolation to understand the answer. You must carefully consider the ideas and main points of the answer in connection with the topic, author, comments, writing background and the context of the original poem (even similar poems). For example, the second question in this year's appreciation of ancient poetry in Chongqing is "What is the difference between the thoughts and feelings entrusted by the last sentence of the two poems? "It is to ask candidates to try to figure out the different thoughts and feelings expressed by the two poems through comparison. Fifth, be good at association and imagination. For example, this year's appreciation of ancient poems in Hubei, the first question is "What is the meaning of' water' written in two farewell poems? "Please explain it briefly." Be good at association when answering questions. It turns out that the poet used water to describe parting, and friendship lasts forever. We have learned a lot about such poems, such as Yu Meiren by Li Yu and A Gift to Wang Lun by Li Bai. The second question of this year's appreciation of ancient poetry in Chongqing is "What are the differences in thoughts and feelings entrusted by the last sentence of the two poems?" Many candidates don't know that "just waiting for the first sound of the new thunder" is linked to the eager expectation of social change; Will "turn into spring mud to protect flowers more", associated with selfless dedication or dedication. Talk about new thunder or falling flowers; Or just answer one. Sixth, the presentation process should be complete. When answering questions, candidates must be clear about where to find the demarcation point, what problems to explain in the middle, what points to step on, and how to end. For example, the second question of this year's Hubei volume, "How does" Spring Farewell "blend into the landscape? Please make a short compliment. " The word "how" clearly tells candidates to answer the process of tolerance. Judging from the appreciation of ancient poems in Chongqing this year, many candidates are not good at improvising in the process of answering questions. In fact, in the college entrance examination, candidates' answers can't be exactly the same as the standard answers, as long as they answer to a nearby point, they can score. Therefore, in the usual training process, teachers should not only look at the standard answers, but also discuss the possible scoring range with students; Students should not only be superstitious about one answer, but also think more about how to express it.

Fourth, speak and practice now.

Read the following Tang poem and answer the questions as required.

Today (1) Li Shangyin

In the distance, books are dreams, and only empty beds are enemies.

Under the steps of moss mangroves, the moon is sad in the rain.

[Note] ① End residence: idle residence. ② Pingqiu: synonymous with autumn.

(1) Can the word "enemy" in the second sentence of this poem be replaced by "right" or other words? Please briefly explain the reasons.

(2) What are the artistic features of the three or four sentences in this poem? Please analyze it briefly.

Reference answer

(1) cannot be replaced by "correct" or other words. The use of the word "enemy" not only highlights the lonely and cold atmosphere of "empty bed" and "Su Qiu", but also shows that people who sleep alone in an empty bed can't stand the desolate situation of "Su Qiu" and expresses the unspeakable sadness in the poet's heart. This effect is difficult to express quickly with "right" or other words. If you think it is good to use "right" or other words, you can give points as appropriate.

⑵ In terms of artistic techniques, the biggest feature of the third and fourth sentences is to express emotion by borrowing scenery. With the help of the descriptions of moss, rainbow trees, rainy scenes and the moon, the poet endowed the objective scenery with a strong main color, created a cold atmosphere, and expressed his sadness, loneliness and homesickness.

Answering from other angles (such as intertextuality) can also make sense.