Twelve bronze men's classical Chinese

1. The historical facts about the Twelve Bronze Men The literature about the Twelve Bronze Men records "Historical Records of Qin Shihuang's Biography". In the twenty-sixth year of Qin Shihuang (22 BC1), "The soldiers of the world gathered in Xianyang and sold them as twelve gold men, each weighing thousands of stones and placed them in the palace."

According to Historical Records, "Twenty-six years ago, a long man saw Lintao and sold weapons and statues." "Justice" quoted the five elements of the Han Dynasty as saying: "In twenty-six years, adults were five feet long and six feet long, all dressed. Twelve people were found in Lintao, so they sold weapons and cast them like them. "

Chen Zhi's Notes on Sanfu Huang Tu is one of Sanfu Huang Tu's volumes: "Take soldiers from all over the world, gather in Xianyang and sell them as thousands of stones." "Notes on Sanfu Huang Tu" quoted "Old Events in San Pu" and said: "Cast Di Chin people and stand in front of Afang Temple."

The Chronicle of Chang 'an quoted Sanfu as saying: "Qin Wei bronze man stood in front of Afang Temple, and Han Li stood in front of Daxia Temple in Changle Palace." Another cloud said, "Sit three feet high, and the next day, you will say,' In the twenty-sixth year of the Emperor's reign, he first became the world, and he changed the vassal into a county, with the same method and quantity.

The biography of the reflection of Shu Wei Dong Zhuo said: Ten bronze men and Xi Zhong were smashed to make small money. Guan Zhongji said: Dong Zhuo was a bad copper man, and the other two were moved to Qingmen.

Wei Mingdi wants to take Luo Yi to Bacheng, but it can't be too heavy. After Skilllong moved to Chang 'an, Fu Jian also moved to Chang 'an and sold it.

"On Qin" says: "Sell the front and cast it, thinking that the golden man is twelve". Analysis of Historical Materials There are many titles about the bronze man in historical materials, mainly including:,, Zhong, Jin,,, and bronze man.

The bronze man is called the "clock" because it is hollow and looks like a clock. The reason why the bronze man is called "Jindi man" is because Yidi man is the prototype of the bronze man.

Weng Zhong is a bronze statue. The weight and height of the bronze man There are several figures in the historical data about the weight of the bronze man.

1 "every thousand stones"; (2) "A small bell is a thousand stones"; ③ Each one weighs 340,000 Jin; (4) Each one weighs 240,000 Jin. Why are there four numbers? We say these figures are all estimates (but there are actually only three figures).

Incorrect figures. For such a big bronze man, it must be impossible to weigh one by one. The weight can only be an estimate.

The theory of a thousand stones is just a general statement. These twelve bronze statues are different in size and weight.

The small one is a thousand stones, and the big one should be greater than a thousand stones. To be exact, there should be twelve numbers.

Stone is the weight unit of the Qin dynasty, and one stone is 120 Jin. A kilo in the Qin Dynasty is equal to 256.26 grams now, which is 307 15.2 kilograms according to the smallest figure of 1,000 stones.

Calculated by 240,000 Jin, this is 6 1502.4 Jin, and calculated by 340,000 Jin, this is 87 128.4 Jin. In other words, the smallest bronze statue weighs more than 30 tons, while the largest one weighs more than 87 tons.

There are three theories about the historical record of the height of the bronze man: ① "three feet high"; 2 "sit three feet high"; (3) "Some adults are five feet tall ... and cast them like this." In other words, there are two possibilities for the height of the bronze man. One possibility is three feet, which is 8. 12 meters. Another possibility is five feet, which is 13.7 meters.

Obviously, this figure is not an exact figure, but also a rough figure. The appearance of the bronze man (1) The appearance of the bronze man should be the appearance of Di Ren, and the clothing is also Di Fu.

(2) bronze people sit. People who are five feet long are almost three feet long when they sit down, which is consistent with historical data.

Wang Mang dreamed that five bronze men stood up, which can illustrate this point. ③ There are inscriptions on both sides.

There are two sayings in historical materials: "Inscription on the chest"; Ming Hou. The inscription was written by Li Si and Meng Tian.

Reese as prime minister, Meng Tian as general. This shows the high level of inscriptions.

Inscriptions are essential for casting such a large bronze man. Inferring from the contents of sporadic inscriptions in historical materials, twelve bronze men should all have inscriptions.

(4) The bronze man should be hollow. According to the hydrometer of copper, the maximum weight is 87 128.4kg and the volume is 9.8m3；; The minimum weight is 3075 1.2kg and the volume is 3.5m3.

This is much smaller than a bronze statue with a seat below and a height of three feet. It can be seen that the bronze man is hollow.

Thinking about the shape of "Golden Man Twelve" of the bronze man, what does the number twelve mean? Twelve is a strange number. People in ancient times divided the earth into twelve branches, which were called twelve branches.

When the twelve branches are combined into one, it is the ground. There is also a division of the earth, which is divided into four directions: southeast and northwest, and each direction is divided into two directions, both of which are directions.

All directions are 12. It can be seen that the number twelve can represent the earth, which is a unified earth.

Isn't the earth the world? Didn't Qin Shihuang establish a feudal dynasty that unified the whole country? At this point, it is not difficult for us to understand that the number twelve means "the world is unified." Also, four seasons a year, one season in March, twelve months a year, and so on, are 1000 generations.

When the two are combined, the number twelve is decrypted: the world is unified and lasts forever. Isn't that what Qin Shihuang wanted? Yi is the appellation of the ancients to outsiders, and Di is the place name, which is now Lintao, Gansu.

Qin Changcheng starts from Lintao in the west, and Lintao is in the Great Wall, which means that the original Yiddish people have now become China people. The image of bronze figures is alien, which means that the feudal unified country established by Qin is a multi-ethnic United country.

The casting method and technology of bronze man in the Qin Dynasty, where smelting technology was not developed more than 2,000 years ago, can cast 30 to 80 tons of bronzes, which is a miracle. How did you vote? It is known that there is a Ming Dynasty Yongle bronze bell in Beijing Dazhong Temple, which is 5.9 meters high and weighs about 50,000 kilograms. It is full of Buddhist scriptures inside and outside, with a loud voice, hence the name "Zhong Wang".

It is thought to be cast by pit mould. This method should be adopted by the twelve bronze men of Qin Dynasty.

The pit method is to dig a big pit in the ground, make a model according to the pit, destroy the model after casting the spell, dig the pit and drag the caster out. The caster is easy to be dragged out and transported away, while the caster is too big to be dragged out of the pit.

Casting a can spare no effort, batch casting can not but consider this problem. The clever designer came up with a way: build a platform on the ground, set a model in the center of the platform, destroy the platform after casting spells, and the caster can easily carry it away.

When casting the next one, repair the platform and redo the model. The twelve bronze men of Qin Dynasty must have been cast in this way.

Fan's problem is solved, so how to solve the problem of copper melting? According to previous archaeological findings, there are crucible fragments in the smelting site in Xiaotun area of Anyang, Yin Ruins. After recovery, it can be filled with 12.7 kg copper liquid. According to this calculation, casting.

2. Ganluo Twelve Ambassadors translated classical Chinese:

Wen Xin Lv Hou did not want to attack Zhao to expand his fief in Hejian. He sent Cai Ze, the new monarch, to the State of Yan as a minister. After three years of hard work, Yan Taizi Dan became a hostage of Qin and Wei. Wen Xinhou also invited Zhang Tang to visit Yan as a prime minister, to unite Yan to attack Zhao and expand the fief in Hejian. Zhang Tang refused, saying, "To go to Yan State, you must go through Zhao State. Because of the revenge of Zhao in the past, Zhao offered a reward of a hundred miles to catch me. " Wen Xinhou was very unhappy to let him step down. Gan Luo, a young concubine, asked, "Why are you so unhappy?" Wen Xinhou said, "I asked Cai Ze, the newly enthroned monarch, to work in Yan State for several years, so that Taizi Dan could be taken hostage, and everything was ready. Now I personally invited Zhang Tang to Yan, but he refused to go! " Ganluo said, "I have a way to get him to go." Wen Xinhou snapped, "Go away! I went out in person, but he remained indifferent. What else can you do! " Gan Luo argued: "In ancient times, Xiang was Confucius' teacher at the age of seven. I am twelve years old. Why don't you let me have a try? Why don't you just scold me! " So Gan Luo went to see Zhang Tang and asked him, "What do you think of your achievements compared with Wu Anjun?" Zhang Tang said, "Wu Anjun's military exploits are brilliant, and he has slightly captured the city, which is countless. I am Zhang Tang, not as good as him. " Gan Luo asked, "Do you really know that you are not as good as Wu Anjun?" Zhang Tang replied: "Yes", and Gan Luo asked: "Look, sir, who is more powerful, Fan Sui, who was in charge of Qin politics in those days, or Wen Xinhou today?" Zhang Tang said: "It should not be as good as Wen Xinhou." Gan Luo asked, "Are you sure?" Zhang Tang said, "Yes." Gan said, "The marquis of Ma was stopped when he tried to attack Zhao. As a result, Won Hou hanged Wu Anjun 70 miles away from Xianyang. Now Wen Xinhou personally invited you to Yan State, but the adults refused. I don't know where you died! " Zhang Tang mused: "Then please tell Wen Xinhou that Zhang Tang is willing to accept this mission." So I asked someone to prepare the travel expenses for horses and chariots and set off another day. Gan Luo went to Wen Xinhou again and said, "Please prepare five cars for me, so that I can go to Zhao to get through the joints for Zhang Tang first." So Ganluo went to see the king of Zhao, who personally met him in the suburbs. Gan Luo asked, "Did your majesty hear that Taizi Dan entered the Qin and Wei Dynasties?" Wang Zhao said: "I also heard the wind." Gan Luo analyzed: "Taizi Dan went to Qin, and Yan did not dare to betray Qin;" Zhang Tang in yan, qin will not bully yan. Qin and Yan are dating to attack Zhao, and Zhao is in danger. Qin and Yan married for the purpose of attacking Zhao and expanding Hejian territory. For the king's sake, if you can give me five cities and expand the land between the rivers, you can make Qin return Taizi Dan and attack Yan with Zhao. " The prince of Zhao immediately ceded five cities, and the State of Qin also sent Taizi Dan to the State of Yan. When Zhao attacked Yan, he went to 36 counties in the valley and gave one-tenth of the land to Qin.

3. Ask for 12 pieces of shoes in classical Chinese.

People in Zheng want to buy shoes, they have to sit on their feet first. When they arrived at the market, they forgot to do it. When they are finished, they will say, "I forgot to take it." Instead, they took it back. When they go to the market, they can't do it. People say, "Why not try?" He said: "Reliability is not as good as confidence."

An exhortation

A gentleman's journey is quiet to cultivate one's morality, and frugal to cultivate one's morality. Not cold, not awake, not quiet, not far away. If you study quietly, you must study. If you don't study, you won't learn widely. If you have no ambition, you can't succeed. If you are slow, you can't be energetic, and if you are dangerous, you can't be radical. Time keeps pace with the times, meaning keeps pace with the day, and then it becomes withered, and it is very sad to stay in poverty. What will happen?

There are too many articles in 12, hehe, just write two.

4. Gan Luo's "Twelve Ambassadors" Young Talents Ancient Chinese Translation: Chu Gongzi Chun Shen Jun Huang Xie heard that Qin was defeated and fled in Wuguan, so he returned to Chu with 80,000 troops.

King Gao Lie of Chu still wanted to be the overlord, so last week he sent an envoy to ask King zhou yun to order the conquest of Qin. The land under the jurisdiction of Zhou Nanwang is not as good as the smallest vassal state, and it is also divided into two halves; Gongcheng area in Henan Province is called "Eastern Zhou Dynasty".

Wangcheng area in Henan Province is called "Western Zhou Dynasty". Zhou Nanwang promised the King of Chu to date princes of other countries in the name of the Emperor of Zhou.

However, only the Western Zhou Dynasty and Yanchu sent a few soldiers and horses, and the alliance fell through again. However, Qin made an excuse and sent troops to attack Zhou.

The Western Zhou Dynasty surrendered to the State of Qin, and Zhou Nanwang became a prisoner. He died before long. Since then, the Western Zhou Dynasty has ended.

Zhao Xiang, the king of Qin, destroyed the Western Zhou Dynasty, and Fan Sui, the prime minister, excused himself. In the autumn of 25 1 BC, after Zhao Xiang, king of Qin, died of illness, King Xiaowen of Qin ascended the throne.

He died only three days after he ascended the throne. When the Prince acceded to the throne, he was the King of Qin Zhuang and Lv Buwei was the Prime Minister.

In 249 BC, King Xiang of Qin Zhuang made Lv Buwei a general and sent his troops to destroy the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. King Xiang of Qin Zhuang destroyed the Eastern Zhou Dynasty only for two years, and he also died of illness.

Lv Buwei established a 13-year-old prince as the monarch, that is, the king of Qin (later called Qin Shihuang), and the power of Qin was in Lv Buwei's hands. In order to attack Zhao and pretend to make peace with Yan, an envoy was sent to destroy the alliance between Yan and Zhao. The Prince of Yan asked Taizi Dan to go to the State of Qin as collateral, and also asked Zhang Tang to go to the State of Yan as prime minister.

Unexpectedly, Zhang Tang declined politely, saying, "I once led an army to attack Zhao, and the people of Zhao hated me very much. Say who can catch me, give me a hundred miles of land in Fiona Fang. This time, I must go through the middle of Zhao and never return. Please send someone else! " Lv Buwei was very angry when he learned about it, but he couldn't think of a more suitable candidate at this time.

He came home glumly and stood at the window for a long time without saying a word, his face was horribly gloomy. In addition, there is a small family named Ganluo, who is the grandson of the former prime minister of Qin. After Gan Mao died, he went to Lv Buwei.

Seeing that Lv Buwei was unhappy, Ganluo stepped forward and asked, "Is there anything unhappy about the Prime Minister?" Lv Buwei waved impatiently and said, "Go, go, go, what do children know!" Gan Luo said with great confidence: "Although I am young, I have followed my grandfather since I was a child and know a lot. Maybe I can help you with your advice! " Lv Buwei felt that this was the right thing to do, so he told Ganluo the whole story. Hearing this, Ganluo patted his chest and said, "Leave this matter to me, Prime Minister, and I promise to convince Zhang Tang."

Lv Buwei didn't believe Gan Luo at first, but when he spoke so firmly and confidently, he changed his mind and agreed to let him have a try. When Zhang Tang heard that public guests from Lv Buwei were visiting, he hurried out to meet them.

I didn't expect him to be a wet behind the ears and his attitude suddenly changed. Gan Luo said unhurriedly, "I heard that I tried to attack Zhao in the past, but I was blocked in every way." As a result, Wu Anjun was killed by Won Hou less than seven miles after he left Xianyang.

Now the Prime Minister personally invited you to be the Prime Minister of Yan State, but you made excuses and refused to go. Do you think he will let you go? The words made Zhang Tang sweat all over, and Ganluo laughed to himself and added, "I don't know what will happen to you?" Zhang Tang not only can't underestimate this teenager at the moment, but even thanked him for saving his life, and asked Ganluo to tell Lv Buwei that he immediately went to Yan. After Ganluo came back, he reported the incident to Lv Buwei in detail, and Lv Buwei was very satisfied.

Gan Luo worried that Zhang Tang would get into trouble when he passed through Zhao Guo, and asked for permission to go to Zhao Guo to solve the problem first. This time, Lv Buwei agreed without hesitation, and he also reported it to the king of Qin, who praised Ganluo.

The king of Qin ordered Ganluo to be summoned and asked what he said when he saw Queen Zhao. Gan Luo replied, "Now I don't know how Wang Zhao will react. I can only play it by ear. " The king of Qin was very satisfied. Ten more cars and a hundred servants were sent to Zhao.

When the prince of Zhao heard that the State of Qin had sent an envoy, he dared not neglect him and went out of the city to meet him personally. Unexpectedly, this messenger is actually a child, so we can't help but look down on him.

Wang Zhao asked, "How old are you this year?" Ganluo replied, "I am twelve years old this year." The prince of Zhao laughed: "Didn't anyone send it to Qin? How come even twelve-year-old children are sent out? " Gan Luo said calmly, "We, the king of Qin, choose people on merit. Only people with high talents can do great things, and people with low talents can do small things.

The king of Qin thought it was a piece of cake, so he sent me. "The prince of Zhao didn't dare to despise him at first, so he asked the king of Qin what happened to him.

Gan Luo didn't answer immediately, but asked the king of Zhao, "Your Majesty, have you heard that Prince Dan of Yan State was held hostage in Qin State?" Wang Zhao nodded and said, "I heard." Gan Luo asked again, "Your Majesty, have you heard that Qin intends to send Zhang Tang as the prime minister of Yan?" The prince of Zhao nodded again.

Ganluo changed the subject: "Since you have heard all about it, why don't you worry?" Wang Zhao asked, "Why should I worry?" Gan Luo said: "What Qin and Yan did shows that they are very close. In this case, your country Zhao will be in danger. " Q: "What do you think we Zhao should do?" Gan Luo said, "In my opinion, the King might as well give the five cities of Qin. In that case, the king of Qin will naturally be very happy. You should take this opportunity to ask the king of Qin to send Taizi Dan back to Yan State and sever ties with Yan State.

In this case, it is absolutely not a problem to capture the weak Yan State with the strength of Zhao, and then you will probably get more than five cities. "The prince of Zhao feels right.

According to Gan Luo, he ceded the five cities of Hejian to Qin, and Qin also sent Taizi Dan back to Yan. Zhao immediately sent troops to attack Yan State, gained 30 cities, and gave 11 of them to Qin State.

The state of Qin got sixteen cities as easy as blowing off dust. The king of Qin was very happy, praised Ganluo and named him Shangqing. With his own intelligence, Gan Luo became an official at the age of twelve, which became a much-told story in the history of China.

5. The twelve bronze statues of the bronze man refer to the twelve bronze statues cast by soldiers all over the world to prevent the people from rebelling after Qin Shihuang unified the six countries.

According to the literature, A. Historical Records of Qin Shihuang's Biography In the 26th year of Qin Shihuang (22 BC1), "the soldiers in the world were gathered in Xianyang and sold as twelve Jin people, weighing thousands of stones and placed in the palace." B, "Historical Records Textual Research" According to: "Twenty-six years ago, Lintao met a long person, so he sold weapons and cast statues."

C. "Justice" quoted "Hanshu Wuxing" and said: "In twenty-six years, adults were five feet long and six feet long, all dressed. Twelve people saw it in Lintao, so they sold weapons and cast statues. " D, Chen Zhi's "Annotation of Sanfu Huang Tu", one of Sanfu Huang Tu's volumes: "The soldiers of the world are gathered in Xianyang and sold as clocks. The clock is three feet high and the clock is a thousand stones."

E, Huang Tu's Note on Sanfu quoted the old story of San Pu as saying: "Cast Di Chin people and stand in front of Afang Temple." F. The Chronicle of Chang 'an quoted Old Stories of Three Ancients as saying: "The bronze man in Qin Wei stood in front of Afang Temple, and the bronze man in Han Dynasty stood in front of Changle Palace."

Another cloud said, "Sit three feet high, and the next day, you will say,' In twenty-six years, the first emperor took over the world and changed the princes into counties, one method and one measure.' "Weight and height There are so many figures in the historical materials about the weight of Tong Ren.

1 "every thousand stones"; (2) "A small bell is a thousand stones"; ③ Each one weighs 340,000 Jin; (4) Each one weighs 240,000 Jin. Why are there four numbers? We say these figures are all estimates (but there are actually only three figures).

Incorrect figures. For such a big bronze man, it must be impossible to weigh one by one. The weight can only be an estimate.

The theory of a thousand stones is just a general statement. These twelve bronze statues are different in size and weight.

The small one is a thousand stones, and the big one should be greater than a thousand stones. To be exact, there should be twelve numbers.

Stone is the weight unit of the Qin dynasty, and one stone is 120 Jin. A kilo in the Qin Dynasty is equal to 256.26 grams now, which is 307 15.2 kilograms according to the smallest figure of 1,000 stones.

Calculated by 240,000 Jin, this is 6 1502.4 Jin, and calculated by 340,000 Jin, this is 87 128.4 Jin. In other words, the smallest bronze statue weighs more than 30 tons, while the largest one weighs more than 87 tons.

There are three theories about the historical record of the height of the bronze man: ① "three feet high"; 2 "sit three feet high"; (3) "Some adults are five feet tall ... and cast them like this." In other words, there are two possibilities for the height of the bronze man. One possibility is three feet, which is 8. 12 meters. Another possibility is five feet, which is 13.7 meters.

Obviously, this figure is not an exact figure, but also a rough figure. Modeling (1) The appearance of the bronze man should be the appearance of a monk, and the clothing is also a monk's clothing.

(2) bronze people sit. People who are five feet long are almost three feet long when they sit down, which is consistent with historical data.

Wang Mang dreamed that five bronze men stood up, which can illustrate this point. ③ There are inscriptions on both sides.

There are two sayings in historical materials: "Inscription on the chest"; Ming Hou. The inscription was written by Li Si and Meng Tian.

Reese as prime minister, Meng Tian as general. This shows the high level of inscriptions.

Inscriptions are essential for casting such a large bronze man. Inferring from the contents of sporadic inscriptions in historical materials, twelve bronze men should all have inscriptions.

(4) The bronze man should be hollow. According to the hydrometer of copper, the maximum weight is 87 128.4kg and the volume is 9.8m3；; The minimum weight is 3075 1.2kg and the volume is 3.5m3.

This is much smaller than a bronze statue with a seat below and a height of three feet. It can be seen that the bronze man is hollow.

Modeling thinking "Golden Man Twelve", what does the number twelve mean? Twelve is a strange number. People in ancient times divided the earth into twelve branches, which were called twelve branches.

When the twelve branches are combined into one, it is the ground. There is also a division of the earth, which is divided into four directions: southeast and northwest, and each direction is divided into two directions, both of which are directions.

All directions are 12. It can be seen that the number twelve can represent the earth, which is a unified earth.

Isn't the earth the world? Didn't Qin Shihuang establish a feudal dynasty that unified the whole country? At this point, it is not difficult for us to understand that the number twelve means "the world is unified." Also, four seasons a year, one season in March, twelve months a year, and so on, are 1000 generations.

When the two are combined, the number twelve is decrypted: the world is unified and lasts forever. Isn't that what Qin Shihuang wanted? Yi is the appellation of the ancients to outsiders, and Di is the place name, which is now Lintao, Gansu.

Qin Changcheng starts from Lintao in the west, and Lintao is in the Great Wall, which means that the original Yiddish people have now become China people. The image of bronze figures is alien, which means that the feudal unified country established by Qin is a multi-ethnic United country.

Foundry method and technology It is a miracle that 30 to 80 tons of bronzes can be cast in the Qin Dynasty, where smelting technology was underdeveloped more than 2,000 years ago. How did you vote? It is known that there is a Ming Dynasty Yongle bronze bell in Beijing Dazhong Temple, which is 5.9 meters high and weighs about 50,000 kilograms. It is full of Buddhist scriptures inside and outside, with a loud voice, hence the name "Zhong Wang".

It is thought to be cast by pit mould. This method should be adopted by the twelve bronze men of Qin Dynasty.

The pit method is to dig a big pit in the ground, make a model according to the pit, destroy the model after casting the spell, dig the pit and drag the caster out. The caster is easy to be dragged out and transported away, while the caster is too big to be dragged out of the pit.

Casting a can spare no effort, batch casting can not but consider this problem. The clever designer came up with a way: build a platform on the ground, set a model in the center of the platform, destroy the platform after casting spells, and the caster can easily carry it away.

When casting the next one, repair the platform and redo the model. The twelve bronze men of Qin Dynasty must have been cast in this way.

Fan's problem is solved, so how to solve the problem of copper melting? According to previous archaeological findings, there are crucible fragments in the smelting site in Xiaotun area of Anyang, Yin Ruins. After recovery, it can be filled with 12.7 kg copper liquid. According to this calculation, it takes three to five thousand sets of such equipment to cast bronze men.

Three to five thousand sets of equipment need tens of thousands of people to operate. Copper is easy to disperse and dissolve, but it is difficult to cast copper evenly, and the coordination problem cannot be solved.

The clever designer imitated the principle of "general's helmet" and made a large fixed pincer pot on the template, then let the molten copper flow out and inject it into the template of the pit. The copper block is melted and flowed out by heating the clamp pot continuously, and then the copper block is continuously thrown to form copper water for pouring springs, thus solving the casting problem.

The whereabouts of the twelve bronze men "Three Kingdoms Wei Chuandi.