Excuse me, what are the nasal, inflected, flat-tongued and warped sounds among the 23 initials of Chinese Pinyin?

Nasal m n edge sound l flat tongue sound z c s tongue sound zh ch sh r

[Edit this paragraph] 1. Tone sandhi:

1, tone sandhi (see Mandarin Tone)

2. Tone sandhi of "one" and "no"

When reading the original tune alone or at the end, the original tune will flatten out and become unvoiced before the tone is removed.

Y: sometime in January, February and March.

One day of the year.

(Horizontal adjustment) 1, 3 1 1, 100

Read the original song alone or before the sound is removed. The original tune flattens out before it goes off.

B ù b ù No! I don't know. Don't go.

No, don't say it's wrong.

(voiceless) Not afraid of not coming (rising tone)

Not good (up)

3. Tone sandhi of "Eight"

Read the original song alone or before the sound is removed. The original tune flattens out before it goes off.

[Edit this paragraph] Second, softly:

1, what is light tone?

All syllables in Putonghua have a fixed tone, but some syllables lose their original tone in words and sentences, which is a short and vague tone to read, and even the vowels have changed, which is light tone.

2, the role of light tone

Some words or phrases in Putonghua distinguish meaning and part of speech through light syllables and non-light syllables.

Brother xi ([name] brother and brother)

Brother Xi is not the Yellow Emperor ([name] brother)

Competent n énggà ([figure] talented, can handle affairs)

Capable n éngg a (ingenuity); Intelligent)

Yan y incarnation ([name] refers to what is said)

Speech y ányu ([move] opening; Hello)

Luck. Wushu, qigong, a fitness method)

Lucky yqi ([name] lucky)

3, the law of light tone

The light tone of Putonghua is closely related to vocabulary and grammar.

(1), the modal particle "mom, you, ah, bar" and so on.

Really? How is he? Listen, let's go.

② The auxiliary words "zhe, le, guo, de, di, de, men":

I have met my brave friends, who are busy coming over.

③ Suffixes of nouns "zi" and "tou":

Tables, chairs, wood and stones

④ Directional words:

On the wall, in the river, in the sky and underground.

⑤ Words behind verb reduplication:

Tell me, think about your brother and grandmother, and talk about jumping off a building.

⑥ Verb indicating trend:

Come out, go in, stand up, go in and get it back.

⑦ The second syllable of some commonly used disyllabic words is used to reading softly:

Understand warmth, radish, glass, grapes, things, clothes, eyes.

[Edit this paragraph] III. Erhua

1, Hua Er and Hua eryun:

Er is a special vowel in Putonghua. It cannot be spelled with initials, nor can it be combined with other phonemes to form a compound vowel. It can form its own syllable. ThEre are few er syllables, such as "er, er, er, bait, er, er, er, er, er, er, er, er, er, er". In addition, er is often attached to other syllables, which makes this syllable change and become a vowel with tongue rolling action, which is a phenomenon of children. The vowel after Hua Er is called Hua Er Yun. A syllable with vowels and consonants is usually represented by two Chinese characters. To write these syllables in Chinese phonetic alphabet, just add "r" after the original sound.

2. The role of Hua Er:

Hua Er plays an active role in expressing the grammatical meaning and rhetorical color of words.

(1), the difference between parts of speech:

Gai (verb)-Gai (noun)

Geer (quantifier)-Geer (noun)

(2), distinguish the meaning:

Letter (letter)-letter (information)

End (last) -end (subdivided or powdery thing)

(3), said the tender feelings of love:

Xiaoqu, come and play, aunt, and walk slowly.

(4), said fine, small, light, micro characters:

Fish, under the door, for a while, do something.

3. The pronunciation of Hua Er Yun:

(1) syllables with vowels of A, O, E and U, the main vowel is basically unchanged after tongue rolling, and the "r" indicating tongue rolling action is directly added after it:

Quantity h m m m r hillside sh ā NP not r lunch box son fành ér water drops Shuǐzhr

② Vowels iaua, ao, ou, uo, iao, iou, etc. , but the main vowels or vowels are basically unchanged after tongue rolling, and "r" is added directly:

All of a sudden, y and r spend xiānhuār draft sh m: shǎug m:or seals fēngküur.

"Cicada" zh and Li M: or "Calf m: oniú r Novel m: oshu not r"

(3) After the vowel I, ü is inflected, add er, I, ü after the original vowel and keep it:

Mr. sinom hill is pronounced as Mr. Xi·OMI

Interesting y m: uqr pronounced y m: uquè r

(4) Vowel -I (before and after) loses its original vowel and adds er:

The word XICí r is pronounced as xü cer.

The pronunciation of fruit juice is guüzher.

⑤ Discard vowels ending in I or N after tongue rolling, and the main vowel is followed by r:

Y and y kuàIR are pronounced as y and kuà r together.

The root of the tree is pronounced SHGēNR.

The pronunciation of restaurant is \ fü ngu \ r \

Popsicle b and ng and NR is pronounced b and ng and r.

⑥ For vowels ending in ng, the ending ng will be lost after tongue rolling, and the main vowel will be nasalized. At the same time, R will be added after the nasalized vowel:

Guaguaer guārángr is pronounced guā rá r.

Bench boy bmndr is pronounced bmndr.

⑦ After vowels in and ün are inflected, the vowel n is discarded, and the main vowel is retained, followed by ER; After voweling is inflected, the ending ng is lost, and the main vowel remains, followed by the nasal er:

The handprint is pronounced shüuyüNR and shüuyier.

Flower skirt huāqúnr pronounced huāquer

The vase huāpíngr is pronounced huāpier.

[Edit this paragraph] Fourth, the tone sandhi of the modal particle "ah"

The "ah" attached to the end of a sentence is a modal particle. Due to the continuous reading of the previous syllable and the influence of the last phoneme, the phenomenon of sound change often occurs. "Ah" is a sound change and an stress phenomenon (including assimilation stress and alienation stress). In different phonetic environments, the pronunciation of "ah" has different forms. In addition, the different pronunciations of "ah" can be expressed by corresponding Chinese characters.

1. The phonemes at the end of the previous syllable are A, O, E, I, ü, Mi, pronounced as "ya".

Go find him (tāya)!

Go ahead (Shu is not yq)!

It's so hot today (rèya)!

You must make up your mind (yìya)!

I'll buy some fish!

Thank him quickly (xièya)!

2. The last phoneme of the previous syllable is U (including ao and iao), pronounced as "wow" (wa).

Where do you live?

He is very nice (h m 4 OWA)!

What a big breath (xi m: OWA)!

The last phoneme of the previous syllable is n, pronounced "na".

How fresh the air is in the morning (x: NNA)!

What a nice person (Reina)!

You guessed it (zhǔnna)!

The last phoneme of the previous syllable is ng, pronounced "nga".

This picture is really beautiful (liàngnga)!

Listen carefully (ngnga)!

I've been so busy recently (máng ga)!

5. The last phoneme of the previous syllable is -i (pre), which is pronounced as "ah" (za); The last phoneme of the previous syllable is -(after), pronounced "ah" (ra).

How many times to go back and forth today (cìza)!

What can I do for you (shìra)!

How to tear the paper all over the floor (zhǐra)!

You don't need to memorize the inflectional law of "ah" one by one. Just read the "a" of the previous syllable (like pinyin with initials and finals, don't pause in the middle), and the "a" will naturally be inflected.

When using hanyu pinyin, "ah" is still written as a, so there is no need to write the sound change.