The teacher said the original text and teaching plan of high school.

# Lesson Plan # Introduction "On Teachers" is a short article that expounds the important role of teachers, the necessity of learning from teachers and the principles of choosing teachers. This paper criticizes the wrong idea that "scholar-officials" were ashamed to learn from teachers at that time, and advocates learning from teachers. I have prepared the following contents for you, hoping to help you.

What the teacher said in high school.

Ancient scholars must have teachers. Teacher, so preach and teach to solve doubts. People are not born knowing, who can have no doubt? If you are confused and don't follow the teacher, you will be confused and you will never understand. Before I was born, I studied Tao before I was born, so I learned from Tao. After I was born, I studied Taoism first, so I studied Taoism. I am a teacher, and I don't know that years were born in me. Therefore, there is no nobility, no inferiority, no length, no shortage, and the existence of Tao and the existence of teachers. Ha ha! It's been a long time since the teacher passed on the Tao! It's hard to be confused! The ancient sages are far away, and they are still in the teacher's question; Today's people are far from saints, and they are ashamed to learn from their teachers. So saints are good for saints, and fools are good for fools. What makes saints holy and fools stupid? Love his son, choose a teacher and teach him; If you are in your body, you will feel ashamed and confused. The boy's teacher, the sentence of teaching and learning books, is not the person I am talking about telling his story and solving his confusion. I don't know, I don't understand, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know. Witch doctors and musicians are skilled workers, and they are not ashamed to learn from each other. The families of the scholar-officials called their teacher disciple Yun, and they got together and talked and laughed. When asked, he said, "He is almost the same as that year, and in the same way. Humble and shameful, officials are close. " Oh! The teacher's way is unknown. Witch doctors are highly skilled musicians, and gentlemen disdain them. Today, his wisdom is out of reach, strange and embarrassing!

Saint impermanence teacher. Confucius studied under Tan Zi, Changhong, Shi Xiang and Lao Dan. Scorpions' disciples are not as clever as Confucius. Confucius said: If there are three people, there must be a teacher. So disciples don't have to be inferior to teachers, and teachers don't have to be superior to disciples. They have a good understanding of Taoism and specialize in their skills. That's all.

Seventeen-year-old Li is good at ancient prose and knows all six arts. He has unlimited time to learn from Yu Yu. Yu Jiaqi can take the ancient road, and the teacher said to go.

The teacher said that the high school text teaching plan

First, the teaching purpose 1, learning the writing methods of this article "broken" and "stand", positive and negative contrast.

Understand the central idea of this article and express it in your own words.

3. Understand the profound connotation of respecting teachers and attaching importance to morality in the text, and appreciate the author's spirit of attacking current malpractices and upholding the truth.

Second, the teaching focus: the combination of "breaking" and "standing" and the writing method of positive and negative contrast.

Third, teaching difficulties: summarize the central argument of this paper.

Fourth, teaching methods: reading, discussion and inspiration.

5. Class arrangement: 3 class hours.

Sixth, the teaching process:

first kind

First, introduce new lessons.

Teachers are engineers of the human soul, and the growth of each of us is inseparable from the hard work of teachers. Our country has a fine tradition of respecting teachers and valuing morality since ancient times. However, in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, with the rise of metaphysics and Buddhism, Confucianism once declined, and teachers' morality became less and less valued. This trend continued until the Tang Dynasty. At that time, the feudal gate system was still followed, and aristocratic children could enter Hong Wen Pavilion, Chongwen Pavilion and Guo Zi School. No matter what you study, there are officials to do. Therefore, there is a bad atmosphere of "being ashamed of being a teacher" in society, and asking for being a teacher often attracts ridicule from passers-by. But it happened that there was a man who, regardless of customs, bravely started his career, recruited talents and trained literati. With fearless spirit, he criticized the shortcomings of the times and advocated learning from teachers, and wrote the first immortal work of China culture that paid attention to teachers' problems-On Teachers, which was regarded as a "madman" at that time. Who is this man?

Second, the author's brief introduction.

Han Yu (768-824) was born in Heyang (now Meng County, Henan Province). His ancestral home is Changli County, Hebei Province, so people later called him "Han Changli". He became a scholar at the age of twenty-five, and became an official after the age of twenty-nine, working as an assistant minister in the official department. He has served as a doctor in four disciplines, a doctor in Guo Zi and a winemaker in Guo Zi, and directly engaged in education and teaching. All the students he taught and instructed called themselves disciples of the Han school, which shows that Han Yu was an influential educator in the Tang Dynasty. He was also an advocate of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty. He opposed the flashy and gorgeous style of writing since the Wei, Jin and Six Dynasties, strongly advocated that "words should carry the Tao" and put forward the slogans of "words must be done" and "words must be done", which had a far-reaching impact on that time and later generations. Han Yu is not only the leader of the ancient prose movement in Tang Dynasty, but also an outstanding prose writer. He is the author of 40 volumes of Collected Works of Mr. Changli, among which many excellent essays are read by people. His prose has a wide range of themes, profound contents, diverse forms, simple language, rich style and great momentum. Later, he was honored as "the first of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties (Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe, Ceng Gong and Wang Anshi)".

Third, solve the problem.

Shi Shuo is one of Han Yu's representative works, which was written when he was practicing medicine in Chang 'an at the age of 35. "Shuo" is an ancient style, which belongs to the category of argumentative writing and generally states one's views on something. For example, The Snake Catcher's Story and The Horse's Story belong to this genre. The ancient meaning of "Shuo" is statement and explanation, so this style can be understood according to the principle of "explanation …". "Teacher theory" is to explain the truth about "learning from teachers".

Fourth, the teacher reads the text.

Fifth, students read the text for the first time:

1, get a preliminary understanding of the basic contents of each paragraph;

2. Underline the sentences that can show the central point of the text.

6. Read the sentences that can show the central point in the text and summarize the central point in your own words.

1, ancient scholars must have teachers. Teacher, so preach and teach to solve doubts.

People who studied in ancient times must have teachers. Teachers rely on him to impart truth, teach their research and answer difficult questions.

These two sentences discuss the role of teachers and explain the necessity of learning from teachers, which is an important content of the central argument.

2. Nothing is expensive, nothing is cheap, nothing is long or short, the Tao is there, and the teacher is there.

Regardless of status and age, the place where truth exists is the place where teachers exist.

This sentence discusses the attitude and standard of choosing teachers, which means that learning from teachers means learning Tao, regardless of status and age. This is another important content that constitutes the central argument.

The central argument of this paper is that people should learn from teachers, regardless of their status and age.

Find out the sentences closely related to the central point of the text and explain them.

1, the teacher's way has not been passed on for a long time, which is difficult to understand.

The fashion of learning from teachers has been passed down for a long time, and it is difficult to make people have no problems!

This sentence proves the central point from the opposite side: people should learn from teachers.

2, saints are impermanent.

A saint has no fixed teacher.

This sentence contains the meaning of extensive learning. There are many kinds of knowledge in the world, and people always have their own strengths and weaknesses. If you want to gain extensive knowledge, you must learn from many experts, which embodies the view that those who have the means are teachers and proves the central argument from the front.

3. Disciples don't have to be inferior to teachers, and teachers don't have to be superior to disciples. They have a good understanding of Taoism and are specialized in their skills. That's all.

Students are not necessarily inferior to teachers, and teachers are not necessarily more talented than students. Knowledge comes first, and knowledge and skills are studied separately. That's all.

This sentence is to further clarify the purpose of learning from teachers, clarify a new type of teacher-student relationship, and remove the ideological obstacles to learning from teachers. This is an in-depth exposition of the central argument.

8. Learning section 1.

1, students read aloud and then comment.

In this passage, the author uses parallelism and rhetorical questions, and uses eight words "I" in one breath, which is fluent and powerful. Try to read out the language potential of the article when reading aloud.

2. Guide students to clear sentences.

Key understanding:

(1) The ancient and modern synonyms of this paragraph:

Gu: People who study.

scholar

Today: people with certain academic attainments.

Gu: with the help of ...

therefore

Today: Causal Conjunction

Gu: follow ... and.

therefore

Today: a conjunction indicating a result or purpose. Therefore, this is fair.

(2) Flexible use of words in this paragraph:

My teacher is also a teacher, and nouns as verbs mean "learning"

Therefore, I am a teacher, and this term is used as an Italian verb, that is, "learn from ..."

3, guide students to analyze the meaning:

Teachers' Roles and Tasks —— Preaching, Teaching and Solving Confusions (the first two sentences)

The Necessity of Learning from Teachers —— Explaining Confusion and Learning from Teachers (three sentences)

The standard of selecting teachers-"Tao" is in the teacher (last sentence).

This paragraph clarifies the method of learning from the teacher from the front and leads the full text. The word "Tao" in the sentence refers to the Confucian Tao with specific contents such as "benevolence" and "righteousness", that is, the political, philosophical, ethical, cultural and educational thoughts of Confucianism; Ye is a classic work of Confucianism, that is, the "Six Arts Classics" mentioned below; Confusion is a difficult problem in the above "Tao" and "karma")

4. Discussion: Which of the three tasks of a teacher is the main one, namely, preaching, teaching and dispelling doubts? This paragraph does not specify the item "receiving business". Why?

In Han Yu's view, the most important task of a teacher is to preach. His main purpose is to promote and restore Confucian orthodoxy, so he put forward the slogan of "learning from foreigners". This intention runs through the whole text. As we all know, "learning" is a teacher's minimum job, that is, "learning sentences by teaching books". At the beginning, the teacher's task should be summarized comprehensively, but it is not the object of discussion.

Second lesson

1. Students read the second paragraph and think about the following questions:

1. What is the central sentence of this paragraph?

2. From which angle is this paragraph mainly discussed? What is the method of argument?

Second, learn the second paragraph.

1. What is the central sentence of this paragraph? What does this paragraph have to do with the first paragraph?

Central sentence: the teacher's way is not long! It's hard to be confused! (sub-argument)

Based on the first paragraph, this passage criticized the bad atmosphere that local doctors were ashamed to follow the teacher at that time; By criticizing the current disadvantages, the author demonstrates the viewpoint put forward in the first paragraph from the opposite side, and explains the necessity of following the teacher.

2. What kind of argumentation method is used in this article? How does the argument unfold?

This article demonstrates the importance of learning from teachers through positive and negative comparisons.

All saints in ancient times are holy and beneficial, and fools are beneficial to fools.

For his son to choose his own teacher, he humiliated his primary school and left a positive tone.

Witch doctors, musicians, skilled workers, scholars and officials, today, their wisdom is anti-impossible and ironic.

3. Han Yu's criticism of the ethos of "being ashamed to follow the teacher" seems to cover a wide range-from "today's people" to being a father and finally being a scholar-bureaucrat. Who is his main target of criticism? Please provide a justification for the answer.

The main object of criticism is the literati family. There are two reasons: first, judging from the tone of writing, the end of this paragraph not only shows the author's dissatisfaction with the literati, but also shows a contemptuous and contemptuous attitude. It is said that they look down on the working people, but they are not as smart as the working people and do not know how to learn from teachers. Secondly, "being humble means being ashamed, while being high means being close" is a special mentality of this kind of people, and it is also a profound reflection of family values, which is just incompatible with the correct proposition of taking "Tao" as a teacher.

4. Discrimination of words.

The teacher has been teaching fashion for a long time.

My teacher's way is also (reasonable)

The disappearance of teachers' morality (fashion)

Confused but disobedient (teacher)

My teacher Daoye (studies)

Stop teaching (learn from the teacher)

Not ashamed to learn from each other (learning)

5. Discrimination of ancient and modern synonyms.

C: Ordinary people.

everybody

Today: Many people

Gu: We should learn from small aspects.

primary school

Today: a primary school

6. Interpretation of key sentences.

I don't know, I don't understand, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know.

Third, students should pay attention to several different tones when reading this paragraph.

The third category

1. Read the third paragraph by yourself and think: What is the central sentence of this paragraph? From which angle does the author discuss it? What is the method of argument?

Second, learn the third paragraph.

1, the prompt is as follows:

Central sentence: saints are impermanent teachers. (sub-argument)

This passage is a positive argument. The author quoted Confucius' examples of inviting officials to visit Changhong, learning from the teacher and asking Lao Dan for gifts, and quoted Confucius' famous saying, and then concluded that "disciples don't have to be inferior to teachers, teachers don't have to be superior to disciples, and they have a good grasp of knowledge and skills." This conclusion is a deepening of the viewpoint of "the existence of Tao and the existence of teachers" put forward in the first paragraph, and it is also a further criticism of literati's shame in following teachers.

2. Discussion: Some people say that the conclusion of this paragraph clarifies a new type of teacher-student relationship. How did you know?

Based on Confucius' words and deeds of learning from teachers, this paper deduces a brand-new viewpoint that "disciples don't have to be inferior to teachers, teachers don't have to be superior to disciples, and learning and teaching have priority", and looks at the relationship between teachers and students with a relative and developing perspective, indicating that the relationship between teachers and students is not static, but can be transformed into each other, and teaching and learning can learn from each other. This cancels the artificial fixed boundary between teachers and students, challenges the tradition of "respecting teachers and attaching importance to teaching" since ancient times, and shines with the brilliance of simple dialectical materialism. This brilliant idea was carried forward by many educators in later generations and made great contributions to educational theory.

Third, read paragraph 4:

1. Why does the author praise Li Pan?

The author's praise of Li Pan is not only an affirmation of his disobedience, but also a powerful criticism of the literati's "disobedience"; It not only criticizes the current disadvantages, but also further advocates the attitude of learning from teachers.

2. What does this paragraph have to do with the previous two paragraphs?

This passage points out the reasons why the author wrote Shi Shuo, and summarizes the whole text. In this passage, "not sticking to the rules" and "being able to do the ancient road" are the finishing touches, which shows that the author opposes the bad fashion of "being ashamed of learning from the teacher" and agrees with the good fashion of taking the Tao as a teacher, taking care of the second and third paragraphs of the previous article respectively.

("Ancient prose" refers to pre-Qin prose. The word "Yu" is equivalent to "Bei". "Write the world and make it", in which "Yi" is now called "Li" and "Yi" is between the two verbs, which is equivalent to "Lai" as a conjunction. )

Students read the third and fourth paragraphs.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) Discussion: The title of the text points out that Han Yu is an "advocate of ancient prose movement". Is Han Yu's writing of teachers' comments related to the ancient prose movement? Is there any hint in this article?

Since the Six Dynasties, parallel prose has been popular in the literary world (with four words and six characters as sentences, and the sentences are up and down, also known as "parallel four wives and six"). This style does not pay attention to ideology, but emphasizes antithesis and gorgeous rhetoric, which leads to the proliferation of gorgeous and flashy styles in literary creation. This fashion has been popular until the middle Tang Dynasty. To this end, Han Yu advocated restoring the tradition of ancient Chinese prose, and personally trained a large number of young people who were interested in the creation of ancient Chinese prose, and gradually formed an atmosphere. So later there was the name "ancient prose movement".

This paper's praise of Li Pan's "good ancient prose" is a clear manifestation of his admiration for ancient prose, which shows that Han Yu's "resisting Yan as a teacher" is to restore the fine tradition of ancient prose and expand his influence by cultivating "post-learning".

Sixth, according to the above problems, further summarize the writing purpose of this article.

The author clearly points out that teachers' duties are "preaching, teaching and dispelling doubts", and the first thing is "preaching", so he puts forward the slogan of "teaching the way" to restore Confucian orthodoxy. To restore orthodoxy, we must emancipate the style of writing, advocate ancient prose and oppose parallel prose.

Advocate respecting teachers and valuing morality.

Writing purpose

Promote the ancient prose movement

Seven, summarize the structure and writing method of the full text.

blackboard-writing design

Those who break the truth must learn from their teachers and take "Tao" as their teacher (theoretical argumentation) (legislation)

Oppose scholar-officials and shame teachers (negative phenomenon) (broken)

Pairing (three-level comparison)

Hebi Confucius is a teacher (positive example) (Li)

Take the ancient road (a living example around you) (Li)

The teacher said high school text notes.

1. Scholars: people who study. 2. Teachers, so they are taught by majors. A teacher is a person who teaches truth, teaches truth to students and explains difficult problems. Therefore, for ... Tao refers to the Confucian Tao. Accept, pass the "grant" and teach. Industry generally refers to ancient classics, history, the study of philosophers, and ancient writing. Confusion, puzzle

3. People are not born knowing: People are not born knowing the truth. Meaning refers to knowledge and truth. "The Analects of Confucius Jishi": "Those who are born with knowledge are also on the top; Those who learn and know, second; Learn from difficulties, secondly; If you are sleepy and don't learn, the next one is the people. " Yes, I understand.

What is puzzling is his doubts.

5. Born before me: Born before me. Hu: It is equivalent to "Yu", which is the same as "Hu" in "I'll go first" below.

6. Smell: Listening means knowing and understanding.