What are some fixed collocations and sentence patterns commonly used in English? Ask for help.

infinitive

7. 1 infinitive as object

1) verb+infinitive

Put forward goals, appear, agree to arrange requirements, be determined, be troubled, care about choices, challenge requirements, decide expectations, choose hard, hope to fail, help hesitate to learn for a long time, which means that management proposals should be planned, prepared, pretended to promise and refused, and it seems that they tend to wait, hope and like.

For example:

The driver failed to see another car in time.

The driver failed to see another car in time.

I happen to know the answer to your question.

I happen to know the answer to your question.

2) Verb+infinitive; Verb+object+infinitive

Ask, beg, choose, expect, hate, help, like, love, need, like, prepare, promise, want, hope …

I like to keep everything tidy. I like to keep everything tidy.

I like you to keep everything tidy. I like you to keep everything tidy.

I want to talk to Tom. I want to talk to Tom.

I want you to talk to Tom. I want you to talk to Tom.

3) Verb+interrogative word +to

Decide, know, consider forgetting, learn, remember, show, understand, see, surprise, hear, discover, explain and tell.

Please tell us how to do that. Please tell us how to do it.

There are so many kinds of tape recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind which to buy. There are so many tape recorders that I can't decide which one to buy.

Note: When interrogative words with infinitives are used as components in a sentence, the predicate verb is singular.

The problem is how to put it into practice.

The problem is how to put it into practice.

7. 1 infinitive as object

1) verb+infinitive

Put forward goals, appear, agree to arrange requirements, be determined, be troubled, care about the choice, dare to ask for wishes, decide expectations, choose hard, hope failure, help hesitate to learn for a long time, which means that management proposals should be planned, prepared, pretended to promise and refused, and it seems that they tend to wait for hope.

For example:

The driver failed to see another car in time.

The driver failed to see another car in time.

I happen to know the answer to your question.

I happen to know the answer to your question.

2) Verb+infinitive; Verb+object+infinitive

Ask, beg, choose, expect, hate, help, like, love, need, like, prepare, promise, want, hope …

I like to keep everything tidy. I like to keep everything tidy.

I like you to keep everything tidy. I like you to keep everything tidy.

I want to talk to Tom. I want to talk to Tom.

I want you to talk to Tom. I want you to talk to Tom.

3) Verb+interrogative word +to

Decide, know, consider forgetting, learn, remember, show, understand, see, surprise, hear, find out, explain and tell.

Please tell us how to do that. Please tell us how to do it.

There are so many kinds of tape recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind which to buy. There are so many tape recorders that I can't decide which one to buy.

Note: When interrogative words with infinitives are used as components in a sentence, the predicate verb is singular.

The problem is how to put it into practice.

The problem is how to put it into practice.

7.2 infinitive as complement

1) verb+object+infinitive (to do)

It is suggested to allow the designation of reasons for belief, challenge command, forced consideration, announcement drive, encouragement of discovery, prohibition of forced guessing, employment of imagination, encouragement of inducement information, indication of invitation of judges, knowledge of liking command, permission of persuasion, reminder report, requirement of selection of sending state, hypothesis of telling that the train trusts, understanding and urging warning.

Example:

A. Father won't allow us to play in the street.

Father won't let us play in the street.

B.we think he is guilty.

We consider him guilty.

Special usage of Find:

After Find, you can use a participle as an object complement, or add a formal object first, then an adjective, and finally an infinitive with to. Find can be followed by a clause. There are also verbs like get and have.

I found him lying on the ground.

I find study very important.

I find it important to learn English.

Typical example:

The next morning, she found the man dead in bed.

A. lie

Answer: after the object of a. a. find, use participle or participle phrase to play the role of object complement. The present participle means active and ongoing, and the past participle means passive.

2) The infinitive structure of to+be is a verb as a complement.

Acknowledge, believe, consider, think, declare, discover, imagine, feel to find, guess, judge, imagine, know, prove, see, show, assume, adopt and understand.

We think Tom is one of the best students in our class.

We think Tom is one of the best students in the class.

Typical example

Charles Babbage is generally regarded as the first computer.

A. invention; Invention; invent

Answer: A. Exclude B and D by thinking about doing something. This sentence only shows the fact of invention, and the infinitive can be followed by the prototype. C was invented as a point verb in the present perfect tense, and its influence on the present is not emphasized here, so C is not chosen.

3)to be+ adjectives

It seems, appears, is said, considered, believed, considered, known, reported, hoped, hoped, longed for, wanted, planned, expected, which means …

This book is considered boring.

People think this book is boring.

4) There is+infinitive.

Believe, expect, plan, like, love, mean, like, want, hope and understand more.

We didn't expect so many people to be there. We didn't expect so many people to be there.

Note: some verbs need to be phrases as complements, such as regard, think believe, take and considerer.

We think Tom is our best teacher. We think Tom is our best teacher.

Mary regards him as her father. Mary regards him as her father.

7.3 infinitive subject

It is easy (for me) to do that. It is too easy for me to do it.

Easy, difficult, difficult, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary and better;

First, next, last, best, too much, too little, not enough.

It's good to hear your voice.

It's good to hear your voice.

It is necessary to lock the car when you are not using it.

It is necessary to lock the car when you are not using it.

It is very kind of you to help us. It is very kind of him to help us.

Kindness, kindness, stupidity, rudeness, intelligence, stupidity, thoughtfulness, thoughtlessness, courage, thoughtfulness, stupidity and selfishness.

Example:

It was foolish of us to believe him. We believe that he is stupid.

He didn't give them anything, which seemed selfish.

Note: 1) Other verbs such as, look, appear, etc. Can also be used in this sentence pattern.

2) When infinitives are used as sentence components, verbs are singular.

3) when there is another infinItive as a predicative in the sentence with infinitive as the subject, the sentence pattern of it is … to… can't be used.

I'll believe that when I see it. I'll believe that when I see it.

I'll believe that when I see it.

This is for someone. This is for someone.

1) to someone. Adjectives commonly used to express the characteristics and objective forms of things, such as easy, difficult, difficult, interesting, impossible, etc.

It is difficult for him to learn two languages. It is difficult for him to learn two foreign languages.

2) Sentence pattern 2)sb generally uses adjectives that express personality, morality and subjective feelings or attitudes, such as good, kind, nice, that, stupid, right and so on.

It is very kind of you to help me. It is very kind of you to help me.

Distinguishing method between for and of:

Use the pronoun after the preposition as the subject and the adjective before the preposition as the predicate to make sentences. If it is reasonable to use of, it is unreasonable to use for. For example:

You're so good. Fluent, so use it.

He works hard. It is difficult for people to get through, so use for. )

7.5 infinitive as predicative

The infinitive can be placed after the be verb to form a predicative. For example:

My job is to clean the room every day.

His dream is to be a doctor.

7.6 infinitives as attributes

As an attribute, infinitive is usually placed after the modified word. For example:

I have a lot of work to do.

So he made some candles for lighting.

7.7 infinitive as adverbial

1) object adverbial

For ... just for (just for), for, for, for, so (like this) ... About ... (in order to ...)

He ran fast so as to catch the first bus. He ran fast so as to catch the first bus.

I just came here to say goodbye to you. I just came to say goodbye to you.

2) As an adverbial of result, what is not expected in advance should be put at the end of the sentence.

What did I say to make you angry?

He searched the room and found nothing.

3) Table reasons

I'm glad to meet you.

Typical example

This chair looks hard, but in fact it is comfortable to sit on.

A. Sit in your seat

Answer: B. If the infinitive is an intransitive verb, it should be followed by a necessary preposition. When verbs are used with prepositions, they are often located at the end of the "adjective+infinitive" structure.

7.8 to is used as a preposition

To has two uses: one is infinitive+verb prototype; One is preposition+noun/gerund, and to is the second of the following usages, namely to+ noun/gerund:

Acknowledge, acknowledge, acknowledge,

Get used to, get used to, persist in, turn, devote oneself to, devote oneself to, expect hope, pay attention to.

7.9 Leave out the infinitive of the verb to

1) Modal verbs (except should, should):

2) causative verbs let, have, make:

3) Sensory verbs such as see, see, see, pay attention to, observe, listen, listen, smell, feel and discover. Used as an object complement, to is omitted.

Note: In the passive voice, to cannot be omitted.

I saw him dancing.

He was seen dancing.

The boss kept them working all night.

They were forced to work all night.

4) prefer, preferably:

5) Why …/Why not …:

Help can be with or without, to help someone do something:

7) but and except: when the verb do comes before but, the verbs that appear later use infinitives without to.

8) For the two infinitives connected by and, or and than, the second to can be omitted:

9) Usually, after discovering, imagining, posing, thinking and understanding, to be can be omitted:

He is regarded as a good man. He should be a good man.

For example:

He wants to move to France and marry that girl.

He doesn't want to do anything except go out.

He doesn't want to do anything except go out.

He is willing to believe anything except taking medicine.

Typical example

1)-I usually go by train.

Why not take a boat for a change?

A. try to do sth.

Answer: D. why not is followed by an infinitive without to, so D.

2) Paul doesn't have to be _ _. He always works hard.

A. study.

Answer: B. make is followed by the infinitive without to. When used in the passive voice, to cannot be omitted.

Negative form of infinitive

Tell him not to close the window …

She had a premonition that she didn't see me when I passed by. She pretended not to see me.

Typical example

1) tell him _ _ _ window.

A. No, B. No, C. No.

D. Not closed

The negative form of telling someone to do something is telling someone not to do something.

She pretended to recognize me when I passed by.

A. don't look at B. Don't look at C.

D. never seen it

Answer: A. Pretend that you should be followed by an infinitive. Its negative form is to predict not to do something.

Mrs Smith warned her daughter after drinking.

A.never drive a car

C. don't drive

A. A negative form of warning someone to do something. Warn sb not to do sth. There is no negative word never here.

The boy wanted to ride a bike in the street, but his mother told him not to go.

A.don't do it.

D. don't

A. Not to is the abbreviation of not to do it. You can use the word to instead of repeating the whole infinitive phrase. There should be nouns and pronouns after the transitive verb do, otherwise it is wrong, so both B and D are wrong.

5) After the operation, the patient was warned to eat greasy food.

A. don't eat

D. not eating

Answer: the word c. warn needs infinitive, it is passive, and the negative form is warned not to do it.

7. 1 1 The special sentence pattern of infinitive is too … to …

1) It's so … that …

He was too excited to speak.

He was too excited to speak.

-Can I help you? Can I help you?

I'm afraid this box is too heavy for you to carry, but thank you all the same. No need. This box is too heavy, I'm afraid you can't carry it. Thank you.

2) If there are negative words before too, the whole sentence is affirmed by negative words, and the words after too express a euphemistic meaning, meaning "not too".

It is never too late to mend. (proverb)

It is never too late to mend.

3) When only, all and but are added before too, it means: very ... equals very.

I am very glad to help you. I'm glad to help you.

He is too eager to go home. He really wants to go home.

7. 12 Special sentence patterns of infinitives in order to

1) indicates the purpose; Its negative form is to not do it.

Tom kept silent about the accident so as not to lose his job.

Tom kept silent about the accident in order not to lose his job.

Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.

Go in gently, don't wake the baby.

Great, so-I'm sorry.

Could you please tell me the time?

Excuse me, what time is it?

7. 13 Why not, a special sentence pattern of infinitive

"Why not+ verb prototype" means to give someone advice, which translates as: "Why not ...? ""why not ...? "

For example:

Why not go on holiday?

Why not go on holiday?

Tense and voice of infinitive

Tense \ Voice Active Passive

General formula to be done

Progressive doing

Perfect enough to be finished.

Finish what you have been doing.

1) present tense: a verb expressed in the general present tense sometimes occurs at the same time as the action expressed by the predicate verb, and sometimes occurs after the action of the predicate verb.

He seems to know this.

I hope to see you again. I hope to see you again. I hope to see you again.

2) Perfect tense: the indicated action occurs before the action indicated by the predicate verb.

I'm sorry to have caused you so much trouble.

He seems to have caught a cold.

3) In progress: indicates that the action is in progress and occurs at the same time as the action indicated by the predicate verb.

He seems to be eating.

4) After completion:

As we all know, she has been worried about this problem for many years.

Gerund and infinitive

1) The difference between gerund and infinitive:

Gerund expression: state, nature, mood, abstraction, regularity, what happened.

Infinitive expression: purpose, result, reason, concrete, one-off, will happen.

2) The infinitive or gerund has the same meaning.

3) There are 1 1 groups with different semantics between gerund and infinitive:

Stop doing sth. Stop doing sth.

Forget to do forget to do.

Remember to do it. Remember to do it.

Regret doing something you regret doing.

Stop doing it. Stop doing it.

Try to do

Keep doing it. Keep doing it.

Afraid to do what you are afraid to do.

Be interested in doing something that interests you.

Means doing means doing.

Start doing sth. Start doing sth.