How to deal with materials when writing a composition

That is a sad dog, helpless and homeless, but no one can take it in!

That day, we came back from the supermarket, and the bulging shopping bags were full of delicious food, and attractive fragrance floated from time to time. We struggled to carry our bags and walked home. No one noticed, and a puppy quietly followed him. I saw this puppy, skinny, as if it would fall when the wind blows; Her hair was messy and her legs were stained with a trace of blood. It followed us, its footsteps scattered and wobbly. At first we thought it was looking for its owner, but it followed us up to the fifth floor and came to my door. Look at its sallow and emaciated appearance, I guess this is a homeless stray dog!

So we stopped to see what it really wanted to do. He looked up at us panting, and his mouth purred. From those poor eyes, I clearly saw his hunger for food and the sadness of being homeless! So I took out a piece of bread from my bag and threw it to it. It jumped on the bread like a hungry man and swallowed it after three or two bites. But after eating the bread, it didn't mean to go at all, just kept trying to move to our door. I think it probably wants to have a home. But mom said, even if we take it in, we don't have time to take care of it and we can't let it get the warmth of home; What we can do is to provide it with some food every day. I had no choice but to pull the puppy out with bread. But it is lying in front of my house, looking at us with more sad eyes, as if to say: let me go, I am so cold and hungry! Mom told it that we really can't take care of you, and you'd better find a suitable family. After a long time, the puppy seems to be disappointed in us. It stood up slowly, gave us a sad look and limped downstairs. Looking at its thin back, puppy, I can't help crying for you: why did your master abandon you? Is it because he has a new pet? You have done this thousands of times to find a home, haven't you? I really sympathize with you!

2. How to use the material processing of writing materials is a common writing skill. In writing, we seldom copy materials. Usually, according to the needs of writing content or expression, the materials that the author has mastered should be processed to make them become processed topics in the article from original materials. In the process of writing, the processing of materials generally achieves two purposes: one is to focus on the topic and the center, and the other is to properly express the author's feelings. In other words, for the selected life phenomenon materials and the written materials obtained by reading, we should delete the parts that have nothing to do with the topic and inject our own emotional tendencies.

Let's look at a material before processing:

I remember eating at a relative's house once. I thought the sweet and sour fish was delicious, so I casually said, "Sweet and sour fish is delicious. I really hope I can eat it every day in the future. " My mother listened and said excitedly to me, "If you like it, I will cook it for you every time I go home." The next day, when I returned to school, I almost forgot about it. A few weeks later, I went home for dinner. My mother bought two fish from the vegetable market and was busy cooking sweet and sour fish, although I was so tired that I was sweating.

The following is the processed scenario:

Last Spring Festival, I ate at my grandmother's house. The sweet and sour fish is right in front of me, and the taste tempts me. Unknowingly wiped out the sweet and sour fish! When I realized this, I blushed like Guan Gong. Mother broke the awkward silence: "Grandma's craftsmanship is really superb, look …" She was elated. On the way home, my mother whispered to me, "If you like, I'll make it for you every time I go home."

From then on, my mother's busy figure shuttled through the fish market every day, almost without exception.

Once, it was stormy and windy, and my mother caught a cold again. I think my sweet and sour fish must be ruined today.

When I got home at night, I just arrived at the door, and the familiar and attractive fragrance floated through the door. I really don't want to go in, I'm afraid my tears won't live up to expectations! I really don't want to go in because of my guilt and selfishness! I really don't want to go in, because mom's sweet and sour fish has a body temperature. ...

The processing of the above materials is manifested in two aspects: First, efforts are made in artistic reality, and scenes of buying and cooking fish are set. Second, try to describe the details. There are dialogues in line with real life and psychological activities of characters. In this way, maternal love is more concrete, true and strong.

When quoting and expressing materials, in order to better support the argument, we should also carefully process the materials from the language so as to make the seemingly dull materials shine.

3. What is composition material 1? Composition material: it is the original material of literature and art, and it is a real life phenomenon that has not been summarized and refined. Once the "material" enters the article, it becomes a "theme" and constitutes the material of literary and artistic works. Judging from the different ways the author obtains the material, the material can be expressed as direct event material (such as phenomena in life) and indirect symbol material (such as graphic material). Material in a broad sense can refer to everything in the objective world, and it can really be called "inexhaustible". Composition materials should be good at absorbing the essence from life.

2. The composition material is not written and needs to be accumulated. The accumulation method can be accumulated from life, reading and reciting.

(1) Life accumulation

As the saying goes, language is as wide as life is. Colorful life is a "knowledge base", a "language library" and a rich source of composition materials. However, they are for people who are concerned, which requires us to be a concerned person in our daily life, whether it is studying, working, resting, entertainment and sports activities, walking in the streets, sightseeing, social practice or community activities, and always watch, listen, think and absorb more. Develop the good habit of observing life carefully.

(2) Accumulate from reading

Books, newspapers and periodicals are another rich source of composition materials. Compared with the rich and colorful social life, although it is a "second-hand" material, it is more standardized, refined and concentrated because of the author's processing and sorting, which is convenient for readers to absorb and accumulate. Moreover, middle school students have a heavy learning task, so it is impossible and unnecessary to accumulate the materials needed for composition from life. Then accumulate material from books and newspapers.

(3) Accumulate from recitation

Guiding students to read and recite excellent chapters, wonderful fragments and beautiful sentences in textbooks can make students gain more language reserves and is an effective way to accumulate composition materials. Students who read without memorizing will feel that their writing ability is insufficient and their words are poor. Therefore, teachers should make full use of the characteristic that primary school is the best period of memory in their lives, strengthen recitation guidance for students, strengthen memory, and help them accumulate useful materials for life.

Extended data:

Teachers guide students to accumulate from reciting;

Generally speaking, teachers should do the following for each textbook:

Choose some excellent texts about characters, narratives, scenery and objects, and let the students recite and master the whole article.

(2) For texts that are inconvenient to recite in full, you can choose fragments to guide students to recite. And ask them to copy it in their notebooks for reciting, tasting and internalizing after school in the morning and evening.

(3) Guide students to extract good sentences from the text and keep them in mind on the basis of understanding. In this way, students can not only be familiar with various sentence patterns, paragraph patterns and text structure methods, but also understand the relationship between sentences, paragraphs, paragraphs and articles, consolidate their learning results, and make it easy to turn things in books into their own. If they want to use certain sentence patterns and paragraph structure methods in their compositions, it's like taking something out of their pockets.

References:

Sogou encyclopedia-composition material

4. What is the material for writing a composition? Material refers to raw, perceptual and scattered raw materials collected by the author from real life. Not all these materials can be written in the article. And this kind of life "material" becomes a "theme" if it is concentrated, refined, processed and transformed by the author and written into the works.

. The original material of literary and artistic creation. That is, the real life phenomenon without refining and processing. 《& lt； Selected novels of Duanmu Hongliang; Some materials taken from wandering life are transformed into other materials and appear in another form. Qin Mu's "The Core of Finding Shells in the Art Sea": "If your thinking level is low, even if you have certain living materials, even if you have certain writing skills, you can't write good works." It refers to all raw materials that entered the author's career and were consciously collected by him. These materials are often perceptual, scattered and unsystematic. In order to express a theme, the author should filter and refine these materials and then write them into the article. Wei Wei's "Who is the cutest person" wrote three things, which he extracted and processed from a large number of materials. Because these three things can best highlight the central idea of "cutest", they are selected from the material and written into the article.

2 refers to the first-hand information of compiling books and periodicals. The preface of Guo Moruo's Historical Draft of China: "The research results that are basically consistent or partially consistent with this book are of course the materials for writing. Even if there are completely different opinions, we have made serious and necessary explorations. "

5. How to obtain materials for narrative writing Qin Mu, a famous prose writer, said: "A writer should have three warehouses: one is the materials obtained in life; A warehouse containing indirect materials, that is, materials obtained from books and materials; The other is the daily collection of people's languages warehouse.

With these three rules, it is easier to write. Faced with writing, junior high school students often lack writing materials, which makes them miserable.

Indeed, many students live in a narrow living space and have narrow contact with social life, which leads to students' perceptual degradation, lack of imagination and lack of emotion. Some teachers arrange students to observe life carefully every day and keep a diary every day in order to let students accumulate materials; Some arrange to extract excellent words and phrases and good passages from American literature; Some talk about the methods of collecting composition materials in class.

But is there any obvious effect? Keeping a diary becomes a running account and completes the teacher's task; Beautiful words are only written in books, not internalized as their own; Talking about technical methods is even more empty and powerless. Relatively speaking, there is a "short board" in the collection of writing materials.

"Chinese Curriculum Standard for Compulsory Education" points out in the "curriculum concept": "Actively advocate independent, cooperative and inquiry learning methods." Teachers should give students time and rights, let students fully accumulate and think about materials, and give students the opportunity to fully enrich composition materials.

When the conditions are met, students will naturally be excited when they move, and their enthusiasm for participation will be high, and their participation will be greatly improved. Only by actively, actively and excitedly participating in the learning process can individuals develop.

So how to make students actively, actively and excitedly collect writing materials? In the usual composition teaching, I try to write a composition every semester in a planned way, and arrange the topic for each composition a few days in advance, so that students can collect as many relevant writing materials as possible through various channels according to the requirements of the composition, thus enriching the writing materials. The collection methods of materials mainly focus on three aspects: 1 and actual investigation.

2. Get information. 3. Review past life experiences.

After N times of practice, students' enthusiasm for collecting writing materials is high, their enthusiasm and initiative are obviously improved compared with before, their interest in writing is strong, and the quality of composition is naturally improved. The specific implementation steps are as follows: 1. There is an important concept in Ausubel's educational psychology: meaningful learning.

He believes that effective learning must be meaningful, and meaningful learning is the key to the combination of receptive learning and inquiry learning. Based on Ausubel's meaningful learning theory, reflecting on Chinese teaching in China will find that no matter in the past or now, a large number of mechanical learning and meaningless learning are full of Chinese teaching, especially composition teaching, which often appears disorderly.

The Curriculum Standard emphasizes inquiry learning, which is to change the situation that Chinese teaching is teacher-centered, classroom-centered and book-centered, and to promote students' active and personalized learning under the guidance of teachers. So I pay more attention to students' autonomy and selective learning in composition teaching.

Therefore, in view of the current situation that students feel the most difficult in writing-the lack of materials, a writing plan is made at the beginning of each semester, and corresponding composition questions are arranged according to different grades, including big compositions and small compositions. Each composition will be arranged one week in advance, and students are required to collect relevant materials extensively and make records.

For example, this semester, I taught the third grade, and according to the characteristics of the graduating class students and the task of the senior high school entrance examination, I listed some composition questions for the students: snow; A touching smile; Reward yourself; Bear; A feeling of reading; Should not be lost; There is a saying in my heart; Every day is a poem; Let the heart blossom and so on. There are scenes, arguments, narratives and metaphors; There are propositions and semi-propositions; There are short questions and long questions.

For students, the materials collected according to these topics greatly reduce the difficulty of their writing. With materials to write and materials to choose from, it is easier to write true feelings, and it is easier to get the joy of writing success and inspire their confidence and interest to continue. Therefore, arranging composition questions in a planned way will build a platform for students to accumulate materials from all aspects, so as to cultivate students to consciously enrich writing materials, pay attention to reality, love life, express their true feelings and create good conditions for students' sustainable development.

Second, collect materials in different ways. Some scholars say that the extension of Chinese studies is equal to the extension of life. Students live a narrow life, and the depth and breadth of contact with social life are far from enough, but this does not mean that students are divorced from social life.

From campus to home, there is also a vast living area for students to find composition materials. In a sense, the process of students' composition is the reprocessing process of social life, and it is also the only way for students to know life, feel life and sublimate their emotions.

American educator Peter Klein said: "The three elements of learning are connection, comprehensive analysis and practical participation." Participation is the basic guarantee for students to achieve active development.

Therefore, the essence of writing a good article is that only by observing, thinking, actively participating and capturing the writing materials in life practice can we write a good article that is "true, real and interesting". So, how can we mobilize students to participate in the collection of materials? In my opinion, strategies and methods can be mainly developed around three aspects, namely, actual investigation, access to information and review of past life experiences.

After assigning composition questions, students' psychological cognitive conflicts are triggered, which makes them in a state of "unable to figure out, but speaking in words, capable". At the same time, teachers should decentralize, leave time for students, give them opportunities to think, do and check, and let them collect writing materials extensively around the topic of composition.

1, practical investigation. Tolstoy once said: "It is a writer's law to observe the objects he describes with inner eyes and create works in this way."

Every day in life, something new, unforgettable and meaningful happens, and some things are among them. This kind of opportunity of personal practice and investigation can master more first-hand information and trigger students' inner world more easily.

However, arranging relevant composition questions before the actual investigation can attract students' intentional attention, concentrate more, collect more information and reserve it, and lay a solid foundation for writing. It may be the personal experience of unearthed objects.

6. How to use the materials in the composition materials? Are they all copied? Basic description of materials: 1. The original material of literary and artistic creation.

That is, the real life phenomenon without refining and processing. 2 refers to the first-hand information of compiling books and periodicals.

Composition material? I think it is something that can be used for writing, such as legends, news, famous sayings and so on. Combination is actually the application of material to composition. When writing an argumentative essay, you can use some examples, that is, materials, which can add a lot of color to the article and enrich the content. There are also some materials that can be expanded. The whole article can be the beginning of a short story and the final conclusion.

These materials have many uses, which can be used in short speeches, long speeches, translations or direct narratives. The purpose of the material is to increase the readability of the article, or to make the facts easier to understand and more convincing. When you say organic combination, you should not be too abrupt when using materials. You should use the right materials and connect the upper and lower languages smoothly, which is inappropriate.

Good use of materials will become a highlight of the article, but poor use will become a burden, or even a failure, so remember that the article should know how to reveal the truth and really integrate itself into writing. Many materials can sometimes be used naturally in the mind. Writing is a very pleasant thing. I hope you can find pleasure in writing, and I wish you progress.

7. How to effectively accumulate composition materials, observe comprehensively and meticulously, and grasp the characteristics of things? For example, when observing a farewell scene at a railway station, we should not only see the activities of the whole station crowd, but also pay attention to the scenes of people of all ages getting on the bus at the station, the farewell scenes of people with different relationships, and the most touching farewell scene when the train starts. Some people bow their heads and say nothing, some people have rosy eyes, some people are happy and some people are sad. If students can accurately judge that this is a farewell between father and daughter through observation, it is a farewell between lovers, which is general.

2, to choose a good observation point, learning and analysis.

When observing, learn to observe different parts of the same thing from different angles at the same observation point. For example, when we observe a person, we should not only observe his appearance, but also observe his physical appearance and clothes from head to toe. We should also observe his performance in study and work, and understand his ideological character, experience, hobbies and consistent performance. In this way, if we carefully observe a person from different observation points, we will fully understand him.

In short, real life is the source of composition. As long as you pay attention to observation and thinking and keep records at any time, you can collect and accumulate a lot of materials.

Reading is an important way to get writing materials.

Although the life that students are exposed to and the content that they can observe are very rich, they have great limitations after all. A large number of students need to rely on book knowledge to provide indirect life materials. Attention should be paid to this aspect. Is to expand students' reading ability, from astronomy to geography. Only by "reading thousands of books" can there be "writing like a god". Numerous facts have proved that it is impossible to improve students' writing ability without reading more, which is not only a reference problem in writing, but also an indirect accumulation of knowledge in life.

1, read widely and accumulate more materials.

You can organize students to exchange and read their collected materials and notes, or hold forums to exchange information, expand the scope of reading and increase their knowledge, so as to make up for the lack of materials at hand.

In addition, the purpose of reading is to use what you have learned, not to read for the sake of reading. The information accumulated in extracurricular reading is just like the raw materials purchased by the factory. If raw materials are piled up in the warehouse without processing and production, they will age and rot, and will not become new products and create new values. It is necessary to learn to achieve mastery through a comprehensive study and draw inferences from others to attack jade. Only in this way can we create something.

8. How to write the composition material If you want to write a good composition, first, you should carefully read "Composition Enlightenment" or "Open Language". Thesis writing is like a conditional composition, which requires specificity and strong pertinence. According to the requirements, conditions and scope, materials should be collected and excavated, so as to be tailored and carefully tempered. Second, writing a composition should be done quickly and pre-emptively. As the saying goes, the first move is strong. At the beginning of the essay column, the number of essays on the editing desk was limited, and there were not many corresponding competitors. As long as "short, flat and fast" is done well, the initial composition will have more opportunities to be adopted.

Summarize the elements of writing a good composition as follows: 1. To have neat writing and excellent hardware, the content is the most important, but the form is also very important. Handsome writing can not only make people shine at the moment, but also increase the impression points. At the same time, the essay paper and handwritten newspaper should also meet the requirements of the competition. Otherwise, all previous efforts may be in vain because of some small details. 2. Strong organization and timely submission. For a competition, submitting works in time or in advance can often win more appreciation time, which also provides a score guarantee. By assigning specific tasks to specific people, timely delivery can be achieved. 3. In the Internet age, you can't build a car behind closed doors. In the Internet age, there are many similar activities. Before the competition, you really need to grasp the existing works on the internet as a whole to ensure that there will be no collision. At the same time, excellent works on the Internet also provide us with a lot of materials and ideas. Proper arrangement and adaptation of online works is also a good way to write a good composition. 4. As a last resort, find a teacher to polish the children that all teachers like. No matter how bad your work is, as long as you are motivated, teachers will be happy to make unremitting efforts for students, because teachers' talents should be reflected in students. This was summed up by a teacher.

Give a few examples: si=3? si=3

9. How to apply the accumulated composition materials to the composition (1) The accumulation and application of teaching materials.

From primary school to junior high school, we have learned dozens of textbooks such as Chinese, politics, history and geography, which should be the "natural granary" of our composition materials. 20 1 1 The essay "Smile, Sing the Ballad of Life" written by one examinee in Shaoxing is conceived by Haiyan's "Smile" written by Gorky. Please enjoy it: ... What a firm smile it is! A pair of alert eyes on the gray head, burning with the flame of enthusiasm.

The black beak is unyielding, and suddenly, its mouth seems to tilt slightly. Maybe I'm numb by the sea breeze, maybe I'm tired by the waves, but I prefer to believe that this is Haiyan's smile ... The author tactfully expanded the teaching materials, "processed" the flying posture of Haiyan in Gorky's works, and abstracted "perseverance" from the anthropomorphic "smile" as his spiritual pursuit, just right.

(2) The accumulation and application of empirical materials. Personalized experience is a valuable asset, and accumulating rich experience and inventory is a necessary condition for selecting new materials.

The application methods of this unique material in the examination room are: 1. Extract personalized feelings from group life. For example, Changchun, 20 12, titled "Leaving a Memorable Past", a candidate quickly extracted the pain, fun and pleasure of boarding life from his own life inventory and played a symphony that could not be "copied" with his own experience.

2. Carefully select "things" as clues, connect life fragments, and deduce the theme. For example, 20 12 Nantong composition titled "Growing Up This Way", a candidate carefully selected three items-"clothes worn when he was one year old", "dancing shoes worn when he danced ballet" and "small bag full of toys" to describe his growth experience, which is quite innovative.

3. Extract the "emotion" that makes you tempted from your life as a clue, travel through time and space, and connect the scenes. For example, the essay "Remembering the Past with a Smile" written by a candidate in Tianjin on 20 12, takes "sadness", "nostalgia", "excitement and happiness" and "smiling forward" as the emotional context, and chooses purple flowers, lectures in the old class, cicadas singing outside the window, smiling at the past and parting words as the emotional attachment, and conceives it into the article.

Please see the clip: With the approach of June 25th, my junior high school life will come to an end in a sense. After listening to the last lecture of the old class, everyone was silent, as if they all wanted to quietly recall what might be lost in the next second.

The sunshine outside the window is very bright, with the unique cicada singing that summer. When the teacher stopped, the huge classroom seemed surprisingly quiet.

In this unbearable silence, I carefully relived the memories of Grade Three. Struggling in the sea of books every day. Occasionally, I look up at my deskmate and smile. My chest always feels warm. Every morning, everyone greets each other with dark circles, and sometimes they pat each other on the shoulder and say, "Don't be exhausted, the body is the capital of the revolution", and a happy smile will emerge on their faces ... Those days as green as summer leaves, in retrospect, will rise with the excitement and happiness of seeing the veins through the sun.

Standing under a tree full of purple flowers and watching the leaves fall, I remembered the words in my classmate's book: "One day when we go our separate ways, we should also remember each other." Because that is our memory, unique. "

..... Look back with a smile and cherish the memory; Walk forward with a smile, without sadness. (3) The accumulation and application of famous books.

The use of famous articles mainly includes "abbreviation" (for example), "rewriting" and "continuation". No matter which form is adopted, it should be in line with the characters in the original work, keep pace with the times and show the flavor of the times.

For example, 20 12 Qingdao's composition is entitled "introspection", and one examinee chose the topic of "introspection hall", which tells the story of three disciples' relapse after returning from the scriptures. The Tang priest wanted to build a "reflection hall" to restrain them, which produced an interesting story. The new words such as "laid-off", "fans", "book signing", "national poverty-stricken counties", "belly dancing", "open tender", "bean curd dregs project" and "wage arrears for migrant workers" are properly used, and the description of the characters conforms to their personality characteristics, reflecting the characteristics of criticizing the current disadvantages and humor, which has universal warning significance.

(D) the accumulation and utilization of celebrity material. This includes the experiences, achievements, spirits, speeches and poems of celebrities. The use of this kind of material should grasp three points: 1. Introducing ancient materials should have a new perspective.

20 12 tongren city's essay topic is "This is also a kind of beauty". One candidate took "Farewell is Beautiful" as the creative idea, and started with three subheadings: "Wencheng went to Tibet-Farewell is not sadness, but a colorful bridge of peace"; "Gou Jian left the country-farewell is not sadness, but persistence"; "Qu Yuan threw himself into the river-it was not sadness but touching loyalty that bid farewell". Although the historical celebrities cited by the author are well-known, they have incorporated their own unique thinking, which is refreshing.

2. The fresh material of contemporary celebrities is more attractive. 20 12 Anshun city's essay topic is "heart", and a candidate wrote an argumentative essay on the topic of "enjoying psychological balance". One of the arguments is that "external balance depends on internal balance, and the first' enjoyment' should be internal balance". This argument was introduced by Liu Xuan, the world champion of balance beam, and Liu Xuan said, "In 16 years.

The greatest wealth I got was that I learned how to balance my mind after failure. Only with psychological balance can I keep my balance on the balance beam. "To the point, smart.

3. The introduction of famous speech poems should be just right, and the "revision" of famous poems should obey the needs of the theme and reflect the personality. Lianyungang 20 12' s composition topic is "the way forward or the road". One candidate chose the argument that Madame Curie, who won the Nobel Prize twice, regarded success as a passing cloud and gave the gold medal as a toy to her little daughter. She said, "I want the children to know that all this is not eternal."

This famous saying is highly consistent with the argument and very convincing. Another example is Liupanshui City's 20 12 composition entitled "You accompany me all the way". One examinee defines you as "spiritual food"-a book, and "I" is a bookworm, so "lazy, get up, it's 8 o'clock!" Mom tried to wake me up.

Last night, the moon was bright and the stars were sparse, and I studied tirelessly. Try to urge me, but I'm a slacker.

Whether you know it or not, reading is interesting. I am not lazy, I am a bookworm! The author imitates Li Qingzhao's Dream, with a light and humorous style.