China a * * * how many are courtiers or usurpers when the emperor?

As the first usurper in the history of China's feudal imperial power, winning Hu Hai didn't leave the impression of being wily and calculating, except for his great ambition, he seemed to be nothing. Perhaps this is the only thing that is the same as his father's emperor, which made him win the favor of the first emperor, and he was able to be around and get a golden opportunity to usurp the throne. This is the great luck of winning Hu Hai himself, the great misfortune of winning Fu Su by his brother, and the great tragedy of 2 million people in the Qin Dynasty. As a typical black sheep, he and his father, the first emperor of the ages, hand in hand to explain what is meant by "its prosperity is also rich, and its death is also sudden." The only way to win Hu Hai is that he maintained the construction of three world architectural wonders at the cost of the destruction of his home country, and forged an indelible stone tablet for himself and the Daqin Empire-engraved with Qin Song on one side and epitaph on the other.

2. Wang Mang

As a consort of the Western Han Dynasty, he inherited the tradition that consorts were in power in the Han Dynasty, and he gradually stepped onto the road of being a powerful minister from consorts. Wang Mang is humble, courteous and virtuous, and has the moral character of putting righteousness above family loyalty. Therefore, he gradually rose from an ordinary foreign son to the head of the powerful family, and finally became the second usurper of the throne in the feudal imperial power era of China by virtue of his high reputation and bloodless court coup. Wang Mang is a famous reformer in the history of China. His new regime only existed for 14 years, and the reason why he was so short-lived was mainly due to his bold and failed reform. According to the principle of success or failure, Wang Mang became a notorious figure in history and the image spokesman of the "hypocrite" brand. If Wang Mang died before he usurped the throne, I am afraid he would become a model of a good man and a good minister. Eight hundred years later, a poet named Bai Juyi lamented: "The ambassador died at the beginning, and who knows the truth of his life."

3. Cao Pi

As a consort of the royal family in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cao Pi inherited the family business of his father Cao Cao and became the last powerful minister in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Because of heredity, Cao Zihuan is a little well-known in literature, but his most famous place is that he was jealous of his younger brother Cao Zhi and left behind a tidbit that forced him to become a seven-step poem. Cao Pi lacks the reputation of Wang Mang, but as the actual supreme leader of the Eastern Han regime, it is logical for him to replace the lifelong puppet Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty. As the third usurper of the throne, Cao Pi inherited and carried forward Wang Mang's bloodless coup, but it seems that Cao Pi is more to blame than Wang Mang, because his victim, Emperor Xiandi, is an adult, and his psychological damage is definitely far greater than that of a two-year-old child who is not sensible. Fortunately, Cao Cao, his father, shared most of the notoriety on his behalf, so that Cao Pi was accused of being far less morally than Wang Mang, a "hypocrite", and at best he could only win the reputation of a "real villain".

4. Sima Yan

Young Sima Yan lacks originality in usurping the throne. As the third-generation head of the Sima family in Cao Wei, he confidently replayed the old drama of Cao Pi, the former monarch. However, most of this achievement is attributed to his grandfather Sima Yi, his uncle Sima Shi and his father Si Mazhao. Sima Yan's own achievement is that the Three Kingdoms returned to Jin. The reputation of the third unifier in China's feudal imperial power era is far better than that of the fourth usurper. Unfortunately, however, the ancient Han nationality in the era of Sima Yan has evolved into a period of decay and decline, and he himself has become a typical corrupt person without exception. After he entrusted his country and people to the retarded prince Sima Zhong almost by providence, the doomsday trial of the ancient Han nationality accelerated irretrievably.

5. Emperor Wu of Song

Among several usurpers in the decline and fall of the ancient Han nationality, Emperor Wu of Song who usurped the Eastern Jin Dynasty was selected for good reason. Unlike Wang Mang, Cao Pi and Sima Yan, Emperor Wu of Song did not come from a rich family. On the contrary, his background was very low, and his power and position were completely established by himself, without any money to eat. Emperor Wu of song is also the first emperor born in the common people since Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang. The appearance of Emperor Wu of Song is of great historical significance. His family history from the military to the political arena and then to the peak of power has an inestimable role model and demonstration for the aspirants who have mastered military power in later generations. One of the most obvious examples is that only 59 years later, the Song Dynasty established by Emperor Wu of Song was usurped by a military commander named Xiao Daocheng. After more than 1 years or even longer, most regime changes in China evolved according to the rules formulated by Emperor Wu of Song. What needs to be severely condemned to Emperor Wu of Song is that this warrior-born emperor initiated a bloody coup. After him, the usurper deprived the victim of his right to exist while depriving him of the throne, which became an indispensable annex to the Law of Emperor Wu of Song.

6. Emperor Wen of Sui

After 272 years in days of darkness from the Sixteen Countries in the Eastern Jin Dynasty to the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the legacy of the aging ancient Han nationality in the southeast was declared dead after being run over by the unified wheel. At the same time, the newly born mixed-race Han nationality grew rapidly with the emergence of the new unified country. When 4-year-old Emperor Wen of Sui took the throne from his 8-year-old grandson, he probably didn't realize that he would become a key figure in the history of China and the Han nationality. In the year of knowing the destiny, Emperor Wen of Sui completed the great unification in the history of China, which was second only to Qin's destruction of the six countries. This reunification declared that there is no longer the possibility of China falling into permanent division. As the first generation leader of the new Han nationality, Emperor Wen of Sui took the country and the nation to a glorious road through a bloodless coup. The career he started reached a brilliant peak in the hands of Li Shimin, the second generation leader of the new Han nationality.

7. Zhu Huang

In the long Tang Dynasty, the rule of usurpation formulated by Emperor Wu of Song once became a dead letter until Zhu Huang picked it up again and carried it forward. Under the guidance of Zhu Huang, the style of military commanders usurping the throne in the Northern and Southern Dynasties became fashionable again in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms. From Zhu Wen, the valiant soldier of Huang Chao peasant army, to Zhu Quanzhong, the king of Liang Dynasty in Tang Dynasty, and then to Zhu Huang, the great ancestor of Hou Liang, the experience of this usurper is strikingly similar to that of Liu Bang, the great ancestor of Han Dynasty, and Zhu Yuanzhang, the great ancestor of Ming Dynasty. But there is no doubt that Zhu Huang's hooliganism is much higher than that of Liu Bang and Zhu Yuanzhang. With this extraordinary hooliganism, he started a generation of Central Plains dynasty in the capital of song dynasty in the land of four wars without the assistance of Zhang Liang, Han Xin or Xu Da Liu Ji. It's a pity that Zhu Huang is not only a rogue, but also a bit excessive. Cao Cao appreciates Sun Quan and only lets Liu Jingsheng's son associate with pigs and dogs. He Zhu Huang appreciates Li Cunxu's direct comparison of his son to a beast, but he doesn't know that his son is a beast. What is this Lao Tzu? As a result, the old rascal's own ending was very bad-he was executed by his third beast, Zhu Yougui, literally.

8. Zhao Kuangyin

Surprisingly, the greatest politician among Chinese emperors was a usurper who was a warrior. Zhao Kuangyin resumed the fine tradition of bloodless coup since Wang Mang, and completely abolished the "Law of Emperor Wu of Song" after he implemented it with reservations. In kicking down the ladder, Zhao Kuangyin was also much gentler and wiser than Han Gaozu and Ming Taizu. What those two need to do with knives, his majesty solved with a glass of wine. What is even more amazing is that this warrior-born emperor successfully transformed the powerful scholar-bureaucrat class, and he voluntarily gave up part of his ruling power, thus winning the ideological loyalty of the scholar-bureaucrat class. This high degree of ideological unity of the ruling class can only be compared with the exclusive respect of Confucianism by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. The emperor's transformation from a lonely political idol to a spiritual symbol of the literati is of epoch-making significance, which means that the imperial power has won the permanent support of the literati, and the era of Wang Mang Cao Pi and Liu Yu is gone forever.

9. Zhu Di

Among the many usurpers, Zhu Di, Emperor Taizong of the Ming Dynasty, is among the best in literary and political skills, even if he doesn't rank first. It is no wonder that Emperor Jiajing wanted to make a name for himself by reopening the canal, building Beijing, conquering Annan, going to Mobei five times, going to the Western Seas seven times, patrolling slaves ten times, and compiling the Yongle Grand Ceremony. Zhu Di inherited his father's pro-democracy and anti-corruption side, but he also inherited his father's cruel killing side, except that his killing was not aimed at his own heroes, but at political opponents who supported orthodoxy. After Zhao Kuangyin's transformation, the scholar-bureaucrat class was totally loyal to the orthodox imperial power beyond Zhu Di's imagination. His criticism of ten clans and melons and vines could only deal with individuals, but could not deal with the orthodox consciousness that had risen to social morality. Perhaps everything that Chu Di did was to prove that he was better than his unlucky nephew, Jian Wendi. When he realized that the Jing Nan change had become a stain that could not be washed away for life, the great usurper had to do his job hard to get historical understanding.

1. yongzheng emperor

Up to now, there is no final decision on whether Yin Zhen usurped the throne, but in the traditional concept, the reputation of this suspicious heir to the throne has indeed been greatly affected. The examples of Zhu Di and Yin Zhen tell us that we should never offend the scholar-officials. Even if the emperor can gain the upper hand with a butcher's knife, the penholders of the scholar-officials can make them bear eternal notoriety. The political persecution after the successful seizure of the throne is the failure of Yin Zhen and Zhu Di, while Yin Zhen seems to be more stupid than Zhu Di. He did not win the world by force, and there is no legal heir to the throne for him to overthrow. The bloodshed after the coup is meaningless to him. If he had been gentle, he wouldn't have been diligent enough to die in the line of duty to clear his name.