The Yangtze River and the Yellow River have played an important role in the development of China. What's their profile?

The Yangtze River is the largest river in China, ranking third in the world, with a total length of more than 6,300 kilometers. It flows through the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Yunnan, Sichuan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu and other provinces, and flows into the East China Sea. There are more than 700 tributaries along the way, with a drainage area of1800,000 square kilometers, accounting for about 20% of the total land area of China. In ancient times, it was called Jiang for short, and it was called Dajiang and Changjiang only after the Six Dynasties. The Yangtze River originates from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau between bayan har and Tanggula Mountain, and is located in the southwest of Gladin, the main peak of Tanggula Mountain. Glaciers are widely distributed here, and meltwater from snow and ice is the source of the Yangtze River. From Jiangyuan to Haikou, it can be divided into three sections. Above Yibin, Sichuan, it is upstream; Yibin, Hubei to Yichang is the middle reaches; Below Yichang is the downstream. The upper reaches are about 3,500 kilometers long, and the Chumar River is the northern source of the Yangtze River. Muluwusu River is the southern source of the Yangtze River, with long water flow and large water volume. According to the principle that the source of the Yangtze River is only far away, Tuotuo River, its longest tributary, should be the positive source of the Yangtze River. The section from the mouth of Dangqu River to Yushu in Qinghai is called Tongtianhe, which is 8 13 kilometers long. The river is wide and the water is slow. From Yushu to Yibin, it is called Jinsha River, which was called Lishui in ancient times. From north to south, it crosses the Hengduan Mountains, turns northeast near Shigu in Yunnan, enters the Sichuan Basin, and joins the Minjiang River in Yibin, with a total length of 2,300 kilometers. Known as the Yangtze River after Yibin. The middle reaches are about 1000 km long. Because they flow through the Sichuan Basin, they are often called Chuanjiang. From Yibin to Chongqing, the river is quite tortuous. This river runs from Baiti Mountain in Fengjie to Nanjinguan in Yichang, passing through the Grand Canyon in the mountainous area at the junction of Sichuan and Hubei. From west to east, there are Qutang Gorge, Wuxia Gorge and Xiling Gorge, collectively known as the Three Gorges, with a total length of 204 kilometers. There are rapids everywhere on the beach, and the river gap is very large. It has been called the natural barrier of the Yangtze River since ancient times. The downstream section is about1850km long, with small river drop, slow water flow and wide river surface, generally more than 2km, and the narrowest part is 650m. The river course is very tortuous, especially the section from Zhijiang, Hubei Province to Chenglingji, Hunan Province, which was called Jingjiang in ancient times and is known as the "nine-bend ileum". Due to the slow flow rate and excessive sediment deposition, whenever the flood season comes, it is easy to cause flood disasters. Since ancient times, there has been a saying that "a long river travels a thousand miles, and the danger lies in Jingjiang". From Yichang to Wuhu, there are many lakes on both sides of the strait, among which Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake are the largest. Dongting Lake is the natural reservoir of the Yangtze River. After the river entered Jiangsu, it bypassed Ningzhen Mountain to the northeast because of mountain resistance. Turn from Zhenjiang below to southern Sichuan and enter the delta region. The terrain is flat, the lakes are dotted, and the waterways are intertwined like a net, which is a scene of water towns and villages. The mouth of the river is 80 kilometers wide, showing a spectacular view of the river and the sea. There are many famous osawa on both sides of the Yangtze River, with beautiful scenery and many tourist attractions. Because of the long process, wide river basin, fertile land and convenient irrigation, there is a "land of abundance" in the middle reaches and a "land of plenty" in the lower reaches, which is rich in products. Although the cradle of the Chinese nation is in the Yellow River basin, according to historical records, after the destruction of Yin, its territory reached the Yangtze River basin in the south. Since then, the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins have become the focus of China's historical and cultural development. There are many famous cities along the river, such as Chongqing, Yichang, Wuchang, Nanjing and Shanghai. Shanghai is the largest industrial and commercial city in China. There are many places of interest on both sides of the Taiwan Strait, which are valuable materials for understanding the history of China, and there are also many myths and legends, which are valuable heritages of China literature. Since ancient times, the trunk and tributaries of the Yangtze River have been the main artery of water traffic in southern China, crossing east and west, running through north and south, with a total length of more than 80 thousand kilometers. Ten thousand-ton ships can reach Nanjing, 3000-ton ships can reach Hankou, 1000-ton ships can reach Chongqing, and 500-ton ships can reach Yibin.

Yellow river

The Yellow River is the second longest river in China after the Yangtze River, with a total length of 5,464 kilometers. It winds through Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Ningxia, Suiyuan, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan and Shandong provinces, and flows eastward into the Bohai Sea, where more than 30 major tributaries and countless streams gather along the way, with a drainage area of more than 750,000 square kilometers. The middle reaches flow through the vast loess plateau, and many tributaries carry a lot of sediment into it, which is the river with the largest sediment concentration in the world. This river is yellow, hence its name.

The Yellow River originates from the Zhanzonglie Canal at the northern foot of Bayan Kara, Qinghai, with an altitude of more than 5,400 meters, and the surrounding mountains are covered with snow all year round. There is a sea of stars at the source of the Yellow River, which is a swamp of countless small lakes. After leaving Xinghai, it will enter Eling Lake and Zhaling Lake to Maduo, bypass Jishishan and Xiqingshan, and cross Longyangxia to Guide in Qinghai, with a total length of 1900 Li.

Yellow river

More than one hundred kilometers. The upstream section is from Guide to Hekou Town, Suiyuan Province, with a total length of 1500 kilometers. The Yellow River is in Gansu, passing through many grand canyons and gathering many tributaries. The middle reaches from Hekou Town to Yujin, with a total length of 1 100 kilometers. The river flows south through the Loess Plateau, carrying a lot of sediment, rushing down to Hukou, where the terrain is steep, forming Hukou Waterfall, and then passing through Longmen Gorge to Tongguan, the river channel becomes wider, and the water volume increases greatly because of the confluence of Qin Fen, Luohe and Xiaoshui tributaries. When the river reaches Tongguan, it is blocked by Huashan Mountain, turns east, crosses Sanmenxia to Luo Yu, and then enters the plain area. The downstream section flows into the Bohai Sea from Jinmeng to Lijin County, Shandong Province, with a total length of more than 870 kilometers. Due to the accumulation of sediment and slow water flow, dikes are built on both banks, becoming "rivers on the ground".

The headwaters and upper reaches of the Yellow River are the most tortuous, followed by the middle reaches, and the lower reaches are straight. From Lanzhou to Tongguan, the river bypasses a rectangle on three sides, which is the famous Hetao, about 2000 kilometers long. During the occupation, the downstream river course was uncertain. This river sometimes flows into the Bohai Sea in the northern part of Shandong hills, and sometimes flows into the Yellow Sea in the southern part of Shandong hills, with a distance of 500 kilometers.

Liucheng of the Yellow River is the cradle of the Chinese nation and one of the birthplaces of ancient civilizations in the world. The discovery of the "Lantian Ape Man" fossil proves that the ancestors of the Chinese nation lived in Lantian County, Shaanxi Province as early as 500,000 to 600,000 years ago. The climate of the ancient Yellow River basin was much warmer and wetter than it is now, and the loess was loose and sparse, which was beneficial to farming and very suitable for human habitation. More than 5000 years ago, Yangshao culture appeared in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. In Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai and other provinces, more than 1000 sites have been discovered, including stone tools, bone implements, pottery and so on. The most distinctive is the pottery with red surface and colorful patterns, so Yangshao culture is also called painted pottery culture. It can be proved from the discovery of Yin Ruins that the Chinese nation established the oldest civilized country in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River 3,000 years ago. The Yellow River has flooded cities in history. According to records, over the past 2000 years, the lower reaches of the Yellow River have burst its banks 1500 times and changed its course on a large scale for 26 times. The flood-stricken area reaches Tianjin in the north and Jiangsu and Anhui in the south, reaching 250,000 square kilometers. The total amount of sediment carried by river water exceeds1600 million metric tons every year on average. Due to the low terrain, gentle river slope and slow flow rate, a large amount of sediment is deposited on the river bed, with an average of more than 400 million metric tons per year. The rest of the sediment flows to the estuary and alluvial into the estuary delta extending to the sea, with an average of more than 20 square kilometers of land reclamation every year. The Yellow River basin has fertile soil, rich products and magnificent mountains and rivers. Residents account for almost a quarter of the total population of China, while cultivated land accounts for about 40% of the country.