What does Bashu culture include?

(1) Sibao State

Topographically, Bashu Basin is a "country with four blockades", and the traffic in ancient times was very difficult, so Li Bai lamented that "it is difficult to get through the Shu Road and get to the sky". This closed terrain will definitely have a greater impact on the closure of Bashu culture as an agricultural civilization. But it is precisely because of this that it in turn inspired the determination and courage of Bashu ancestors to explore abroad and strive to improve their own environment. Therefore, the integration of environment and culture has created the historical personality of Bashu ancestors who were open in the closed and closed in the open. With the passage of time, openness and compatibility have finally become the biggest feature of Bashu culture.

The biggest obstacle to the communication between Bashu culture and Qinlong culture is the Qinling Mountains in the north. However, with amazing courage, the ancestors of Bashu created superb plank road technology, broke the geographical blockade of the basin and overcame the narrow closure. The fairy story that King Shu sent five Ding Lishi to clear the way to meet the golden bull and five beautiful women sent by King Qin Huiwen is a vivid embodiment of ancient cultural exchanges. The plank road is a great invention of Bashu people. Sima Qian believes that the closure of Bashu's "Four Fortress Country" is achieved by "a long road, which is beyond redemption", which is a very accurate historian's vision.

In order to break through the closure, the ancient Shu ancestors invented the plank road and published "Ruxiang Bridge". There are many kinds of cable bridges. Up to now, the sliding cable netting rattan bridge in Tibetan areas, the bamboo cable bridge on Minshan Mountain, the knot bridge in northwest Yunnan, the early Zhupu bridge in Dujiangyan and the early iron cable bridge in Panzhihua all reflect the wisdom of the ancestors of Bashu in opening to the outside world.

(2) Southern Silk Road:

As early as 4,000 years ago, there were several passages leading from the south to the coast and to Myanmar and India in today's Sichuan Basin. Some important archaeological discoveries, such as seashells and ivory unearthed in Sanxingdui, conch and ivory unearthed in Daxi culture, and glass beads unearthed in Mao Wen and Tushan in Chongqing, are not locally produced, but come from the South China Sea in the North Indian Ocean, which fully proves that the ancestors of Bashu had communication and exchanges with the southern world. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Zhang Qian discovered the story of Qiongzhuzhang and Shubu in summer, indicating that there was a passage from Bashu to India (the ancient poison country) and then to West Asia.

This passage has been followed by modern historians by the convention of the "Silk Road" and is called the "Southern Silk Road".

There are two main routes of the Southern Silk Road: one is the West Road, namely "Niulu Road". It starts from Chengdu, passes through Lin Qiong (Qiongzhou), Tsing Yi (Ya 'an), Flue (Yingjing), Yaoniu (Hanyuan), Lanxian (Yuexi), Du Qiong (Xichang) and Yu Ye (Dali) to Yongchang (Baoshan), and then to Myitkyina or bhamo, and enters Myanmar and Southeast Asia. This road can reach the elephant country of "Yunnan and Vietnam" as far as possible, and may reach India and Bangladesh.

The other is the host country, which is called "Wuchi Road". It starts from Chengdu, goes to Bodao (Yibin), Nanguang (Gaoxian), Zhuti (Zhaotong), wei county (Qujing) and Guchang (Kunming), and then enters Vietnam all the way, overlapping with Yongniu Road. Judging from the documents available at present, the famous figure of the ancient Shu ancestors who took this route first was Wang Anyang, who moved south after Qin destroyed Shu. King Anyang led 30,000 people along this route into the Red River area in northern Vietnam, and established the Luo 'ou country, which is the "Shu country" in Vietnamese history.

Extended data:

Characteristics of Bashu culture:

(1) Cultural geographical area:

Bashu is a specific title, and now it has been divided into Bashu. Before the Warring States period, Bashu was fragmented and completely distinct. The ancient meaning of "Ba" is "a python that swallows an elephant", and the central area is Chongqing, eastern Sichuan and western Hubei, covering southern Shaanxi, Hanzhong, central Guizhou and western Hunan. "Shu" means "silkworm in sunflower" in ancient times, and its main geographical location covers the central and western plains of Sichuan Basin. From this perspective, the core areas of Bashu are now Sichuan Province and Chongqing City.

(2) Formation process:

Originated in Shang Dynasty, it was named in the Spring and Autumn Period, and became the main law in Qin and Han Dynasties. Pakistan's enterprising spirit and Shu's compatibility are integrated into one. After the Qin and Han Dynasties, they gradually merged into the Central Plains culture, swaying and swaying, and their experience gradually drifted away from generation to generation. It was a nebula that could cover the sky, but it failed to converge into stars. It was impossible in the past, now and in the future.

(3) Cultural characteristics:

Generally speaking, Bashu culture is long, mysterious and splendid, which can be enjoyed in nature or born in death. You can do nothing but live by the sword. Culturally compatible with Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, paying attention to the character of Sichuanese; Take Confucianism as an example to promote Sichuanese to be officials; To explain, people who go to Sichuan should hesitate; Between advance and retreat, life and death are rich.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Bashu Culture