The Story of the Old Qin People 8. One World (Part 2)

It is said that the Jin Kingdom was made a mess by Li Ji at home, but abroad it won a lot of praise by pretending to conquer Guo.

It is said that the two kingdoms of Yu and Guo are both duchy states, one level higher than Qi.

We told Duke Zheng Zhuang about Guo State, and he and Duke Zhuang were both ministers. There are two Guo countries, one is Dong Guo and the other is Xi Guo. The king of Dongguo is Guo Zhong, the younger brother of King Wen of Zhou. The king of Xiguo is called Uncle Guo, and he is also the younger brother of King Wen of Zhou. So it naturally has a high weight. This starts with the grandfather of King Wen of Zhou. King Tai had three sons.

The eldest son, Taibo Wu

The second son, Wu Zhongyong

The youngest son, Ji Li, Ji Li’s son is Jichang, King Wen of Zhou.

Then the ancestor of Guo State was the son of Ji Li.

The monarch of Guo State at this time was called Ji Chou.

As a small country, you can just settle down. It turns out that Ji Chou also has the ambition to do something in his career.

He once negotiated with Zheng Li Ping for the Prince's Decay incident.

Guo State once attacked Jin,

Duke Xian of Jin wanted to attack Guo.

Shilai said: No. Why? Arrogant soldier's plan.

Guo Gong is proud. If he is tempted to attack our country, we will win. Then he will be even more proud, then he will not repair the state affairs and abandon his people. Without the support of the people, then he will fail.

Doctor Fan Pi betrayed King Zhou. In 664 BC, King Zhou ordered Duke Guo to attack Doctor Fan Pi and lead his troops to capture Fan Pi alive.

What’s more amazing?

This year, a big event happened in Guo State. God came to Guo Kingdom.

The king of Zhou was very surprised and asked his internal history.

The internal history said: "When the country prospers, the gods will come. When the country perishes, the gods will come."

King Zhou Hui asked what to do?

Neishi said: "Use corresponding sacrifices to sacrifice him."

Neishi then came to Guo Kingdom with the king's order and saw Duke Guo asking the gods to grant land.

He came back and said: "The Guo Kingdom was about to be destroyed, but he actually listened to the gods."

As soon as the gods came to stay, he became addicted and stayed there for six months.

Guo Gong sent people to offer sacrifices. The gods promised to give him land.

"When the country of Guo is about to perish, and when the country rises, it is all about obeying the people. When the country is about to perish, it is about obeying the gods. When the country of Guo lacks virtue, how can it get land?"

This passage is so interesting, the people are more reliable than the gods. As the saying goes, don't ask the common people, ask the ghosts and gods.

Why? We know that oracle bone inscriptions are cultural relics of the Shang Dynasty, because the people of the Shang Dynasty believed in gods. As a result, the Shang Dynasty was destroyed and the Zhou Dynasty revolutionized. He was very surprised. Since the Shang Dynasty respected the gods so much, how could the gods destroy the Shang Dynasty?

Finally he figured it out, because the Shang Dynasty was immoral, but I, the Zhou Dynasty, were virtuous. So not only do I have my destiny, but I am also very virtuous.

So when Guo Gong met the gods, everyone disapproved of him. This man had no virtue. The gods will not bless him.

So in 660 BC,

Guo defeated Quan Rong. As a result, Zhou Zhiqiao said: "Without virtue, the more victories you have, the more you will perish." So he ran to Jin

In 658 BC, Duke Xian said to the ministers: "When Quwo replaced Yi, Guo State did not help me, Quwo, but helped Yi. It also helped hide the Duke's clan. If they were not killed, there would be endless troubles. Ah, what should I do? "

According to "Zuo Zhuan, the Second Year of Duke Xi",

Yu and Guo are closely interdependent. If you want to destroy Guo, you must destroy Yu. What to do?

Xun Xi, a senior official of the Jin State, bribed the Yu State with Qu Di's fine horses and thorns to use his way to destroy Guo.

Duke Xiang of Jin said: "This is the treasure of our country, and I am not willing to give it to you."

You can still snatch it from Yu State in the future. "

Duke Xian of Jin said, "What should I do if Gong Zhiqi is there?" Gong Ziqi is from the State of Yu and is a man who knows how to watch fire.

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So Xun Xi was sent to borrow the way.

Said to Mr. Yu: "The country of Ji is unjust and has invaded your country many times. The state of Jin has attacked Ji for your country. Now the country of Guo is unjust and invades our country. Can't your country sell it to you?" Do you want to give the Jin State some face and allow me to destroy the Guo State? "

Mr. Yu agreed. And asked to attack Guo first. Gong Ziqi tried to dissuade him, but Duke Yu refused to listen.

In this year, Jin and Yu sent troops together to destroy Xiayang.

In this year, Guo lost Xiayang, but Duke Guo defeated Rong Di. Then Bu Yan of the Jin State said: "The Guo State is about to perish. It is not afraid of the destruction of Xia Yang. Now it has achieved military exploits. God has taken away all the mirrors of Guo Gong. He must despise the Jin State and not cherish the people. He will only be five years old." Years, it will inevitably perish."

It always feels like the Jin Kingdom is waging a war of public opinion.

In 655 BC, Prince Shen Sheng had committed suicide.

The Jin State began its second false campaign against Guo.

At this time, Gong Ziqi advised him: "The Guo State and the Yu State are dependent on each other. If the Guo State is destroyed, how can the Yu State keep it? The Jin State is becoming more and more greedy, and lending it to him once is enough." The kindness and righteousness have been exhausted, and the second time will never be given to him. "

Duke Yu said: "The Jin Kingdom and I are both named Ji, will it harm me?"

Gong Ziqi said: "Taibo and Yu Zhong are both sons of the king. Taibo did not obey his father's orders and therefore failed to inherit the throne. Guo Zhong and Guo Shu were both sons of Wang Ji. They served as consuls of King Wen. , had meritorious service in the royal family, and the Jin State wanted to destroy Guo. Would he love the Yu State? Besides, Duke Xian of Jin killed all the descendants of Uncle Huan and Uncle Zhuang. If Uncle Huan and Uncle Zhuang had any fault, they were all killed. Is it because their clan is intimidating Xian Gong? Not to mention the interests between the countries? "

Yu Gong said: "The sacrifices I use are rich and clean, and God will protect me."

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Gong Ziqi said: "The gods will only protect virtuous people. Now, the king, you are attacking the Guo Kingdom for your own benefit and working as a tiger, and you still expect the gods to protect you."

Yu The duke refused to listen and lent the road to the state of Jin. Gong Ziqi ran away with his people.

In August, the Jin State surrounded Shangyang and asked for fortune-telling to see if it would be successful.

The fortune teller said: "Can"

"When?"

"About late September or early October"

Winter On the first day of the twelfth lunar month, the Jin State destroyed the Guo State. Duke Guo and Jichou fled to Jingshi. The Jin army came back victorious and stationed themselves in the state of Yu. The state of Yu was destroyed, and the Jin people captured the Duke of Yu and the official Jing Bo (Baili Xi). Baili Xi later became an important minister of Duke Mu of Qin and made indelible contributions to Qin's domination of Xirong.

Then Xun Xi signed over the horse that he had bribed. Duke Xiang of Jin laughed and said: "My horse is a good horse, but it is a little old."

In this case, it was Written in "Thirty-Six Strategies"

When a small country is sandwiched between two big countries, the enemy and ourselves, when the enemy forces it to submit, we should go to aid him.

What does it mean? If a person loses water, and a person who can swim comes to save him, he will hold on to the swimmer tightly. If some undue demands were made at this time, wouldn’t the victim accept them?

For example, if a country is going to perish now, and another country says that I can help you, how about if I send someone to govern the country with you? This country would definitely not agree in normal times, but it might agree at this time. The important thing is to infiltrate our forces.

But if you want to infiltrate, will it be infiltrated for you? So "Thirty-Six Strategies" said

It's useless to tell him. The most important thing is to seize the opportunity. What's the timing? Autumn of critical survival.

If a small country is surrounded by powerful neighbors and the country is about to perish, if one party offers to help you, they will usually drink poison to quench their thirst.

This time, Duke Xiang of Jin was able to divide Guo and Yu, but the two countries were not at this opportunity. What to do?

Manufacturing timing.

In fact, don't take this opportunity lightly. In fact, the purpose of this opportunity is to infiltrate our forces, as long as we can do it. It's just that the author of "Thirty-Six Strategies" has seen through one thing, that is, the most vulnerable situation is to penetrate into situations where life is in danger.

The so-called infiltration is a false way.

The purpose of Duke Xian of Jin giving gold and silver to the State of Yu was to lower Duke Yu's vigilance and infiltrate his own influence. And it can be found that Jin Xiangong did not make any other moves in the first episode, also to lower his alertness.

Then the summary is

In the first case: if there are two enemies, one is strong and the other is weak (or both are weak and both are strong, depending on their own strength) use). Then we should arouse the contradiction between the two parties, create opportunities, and infiltrate our forces.

The second situation: when the enemy's survival is critical, we should actively infiltrate our forces

The key to this strategy is that the opponent cannot see through the intention. Even if the opponent sees through, the opponent will not cannot be changed.

For example, if a boy wants to pursue a girl, if the girl happens to be lovelorn, he should actively infiltrate his own existence. In this way, you can fake Dao Dao and chase girls.

At that time, we had to point out that the direct cause of the demise of the Yu State was indeed the false Taoist plan to conquer Guo, and the fundamental reason was that a country that did not want to make progress would be destroyed.

It is said that Duke Huan of Qi's rescue of Xing won praise from the princes, but Duke Huan of Qi and Guan Zhong also realized a problem. The biggest challenge to Qi Huan Gong's hegemony was not the Di people, but the increasingly powerful Chu State.

We have said that the Chu State became increasingly powerful under the leadership of two generations of monarchs, King Wu of Chu and King Wen of Chu.

The main goal during the period of King Wu of Chu was to attack the most important vassal state of Hanyang Zhuji, Suiguo.

As soon as Sui Guo blocked the northbound road of Chu State.

Secondly, there are abundant copper mines everywhere. Although iron tools have appeared in the Spring and Autumn Period, they are not very common yet. Most of the materials for weapons are mainly copper, so whoever has more copper can forge this weapon. More elite.

King Wu of Chu failed to attack his followers twice. A very important reason was attributed to the backward weapons of Chu State.

King Chu Wen inherited his father's legacy and continued to attack the northern countries. After destroying Shen, Deng, Jiu, Xi, and Cai, the country's westward, eastward, and northward roads were basically cleared, and Chu's power was inserted into the hinterland of the Central Plains. It also controlled the Nanyang Basin and opened the northbound road.

After the death of King Chu Wen, his son King Chu Cheng came to the throne. King Chu Cheng's partner was named Ziwen, also known as Dougu Yu Tu.

What does Dou Gu Yu Tu mean? Valley means nurturing. Yu Tu means tiger. So the combined meaning is a person named Dou who was raised by tigers.

It is said that there is such a story. According to the records of "Zuo Zhuan Xuan Gong Four Years"

It is said that the king of Chu, Ruo Ao, married a man in Yunmeng and gave birth to his son Dou Bo. Bi, Ruo Ao died. Dou Bobi lived with his mother in the country of Zhao. Dou Bobi had intercourse with Yanzi's daughter and gave birth to a child. As a result, the girl's mother threw the child into the lake. The tiger raised the child. One day, Liangzi, the child's grandfather, was hunting and saw the tiger raising a child. I was very scared, so I hurried home and told my wife about it. The lady said this is our grandson. So he was raised again. The people of Chu said that the child was raised by a tiger, so they called him Dougu Yu Tu.

Regardless of whether this legend is true or false, we can see that this person is unusual.

Then why do we have to fight Zheng Guo?

In 659 BC, Qi Huangong had just finished handling the affairs of Wei State and Xing State, and Chu State came north to attack Zheng State. Since Duke Wen of Zheng was the younger brother of Duke Huan of Qi, he consulted with Duke Huan of Qi. This year, Lu, Qi, Song, Zheng, Cao, and Zhu formed an alliance to plan how to deal with Chu.

What to do?

When we talk about the Central Plains countries fighting against the Chu State, it is actually very troublesome, because if you want to attack the Chu State, you have to cross the Huaihe River or even the Yangtze River. In the second year, Duke Huan of Qi won over Jiang and Huang, aiming directly at Chu.

In this year, Chu State attacked Zheng State from the north and imprisoned Zheng State Danbo.

The next year, 655 BC, Qi, Song, Jiang, and Huang allied themselves to plan an attack on Chu.

The state of Qi regained good relations with the state of Lu, and the princes and friends of the state of Lu participated in the alliance meeting.

But after so many meetings, the distant water cannot save the immediate fire. Now the state of Zheng is undergoing a fierce offensive from the state of Chu.

So Zheng Wengong decided to sue for peace, but Minister Kong Shu refused.

Said: "Now Qi is running west for us. If you turn your back on him, and Chu comes to attack our country again, who else can save me?"

Zheng When Duke Wen saw it, what should he do? Just wait.

But it is true that the Central Plains countries gathered together, and Chu State was a little panicked.

After much discussion, Duke Huan of Qi finally decided on a policy to attack Cai Guo.

Why attack Cai Guo? From the perspective of Chu State, Cai State is a passage from the north into the Central Plains, and Cai State must be captured. From the perspective of Duke Huan of Qi, if the State of Cai was within the sphere of influence of the State of Chu, it would be equivalent to planting a time bomb in the Central Plains country.

In fact, the importance of Cai Guo is not just recognized now. We once said that Zheng Zhuanggong began to be afraid of Chu.

Why Zheng Zhuanggong allied with Cai Guo? He clearly understood that Cai Zhuang The state is very important to the state of Chu.

So what’s the excuse? The excuse is hilarious.

Classmate Qi Huangong married a young wife, a princess of Cai State, this year. On this day, the young and playful princess of Cai State went on a boat with Duke Huan of Qi. Just take a boat ride, but the little girl thought it was not fun. In the middle of the lake, he was rocking the boat with his hands, which made Duke Huan of Qi vomit. I told her to stop swinging, but she didn't listen and started swinging even more enthusiastically.

After returning home, Duke Huan of Qi was very angry and asked her to go back to her parents' home to reflect on her affairs. When Marquis Cai of the Kingdom of Jie saw his sister running back, he asked if it was this kind of thing. Then I have to marry my sister off. If Duke Huan of Qi doesn’t come to get it, it won’t look good just keeping it at home.

But Qi Huangong really liked this girl. When he heard it, what, the girl was married off by Cai Hou. Where should I put the face of Duke Huan of Qi?

So Duke Huan of Qi used this as an excuse to lead the Central Plains United Army (the eight-nation coalition of Lu, Qi, Song, Chen, Wei, Zheng, Xu, and Cao) to invade the south in a bold and vigorous manner.

In the spring of the fourth year, the princes of Qi invaded Cai with the troops of the princes. Cai was defeated and then attacked Chu.

Duke Huan of Qi quickly captured the state of Cai. As soon as he captured the State of Cai, the State of Chu gave up. Are you going to take away the country that our ancestors worked so hard to conquer?

So King Cheng of Chu sent an envoy to ask: "Excuse me, Marquis of Qi, my country of Chu has provoked you, and our two countries are incompatible with each other."

What does it mean? What if wind, horse and cow are irrelevant? Two ways to say it.

Firstly, it means that if a horse or cow is lost, it will not be encountered

Secondly, if two animals are in estrus, they will not be encountered

Guan Zhong Said: "Hey, I still want to settle this account with you. Back then, Emperor Zhou gave me the power of Qi State to crusade against unjust countries, including the fifth-level princes and the uncle of Jiuzhou. Don't say that you are a little viscount, even if you are Duke, I will follow suit. If you don’t give Emperor Zhou a wine filter, King Zhou’s sacrifices will be even worse. I’m here to ask you what to do about this matter. And when King Zhao of Zhou visited Yunmeng, he didn’t come back. , tell me what happened? "

What Guan Zhong said is very mysterious.

First, why are you asking about tribute? You can just use your arrogance to claim the king's title in vain, which is disrespectful to the emperor. Do you know?

Second, why is it said that King Zhou Zhao visited Yunmeng and did not come back. Rather than saying that you actually murdered King Zhou Zhao.

This is the cleverness of Guan Zhong.

If you use the title of self-respecting king of the Chu Kingdom, it will be a crime of disrespect, and the only consequence will be the destruction of the Chu Kingdom. But can it be destroyed? If you say so, there is no way out. However, the tribute was used to frighten the Chu State and to give the Chu State a way out.

The second point is also the same. If you want to murder the emperor, you don't need any explanation, just kill him.

You must understand that the purpose of this southern invasion is not to make Chu surrender. This is impossible. The best thing is that your Chu country will not come to harass our Central Plains countries. Maybe this goal will not be achieved. At the end of the day, the goal was to separate Cai from being a vassal of Chu, and to ask Chu not to attack Zheng. So I can't say anything.

The Chu State envoy also knew this, so he said: "The tribute matter is indeed the rudeness of our Chu State. Please make up for it. But for the matter of King Zhao of Zhou, I, the Chu State, don't know why." Ah. Why don't you ask the God of Han River? "

But the Chu envoy was not a vegetarian, and he solved it very cleverly.

Seeing that Chu State was unwilling to plead guilty, Duke Huan of Qi continued to invade the south and stationed himself in Xingdi. But if you really want to attack Chu, it must be a protracted battle. The terrain is not suitable for attacking the Central Plains countries at all.

In the summer of this year, Chu sent Qu to finish the negotiations.

Qi retreated to Zhaoling.

Then the military parade ceremony of Duke Huan of Qi was held. Duke Huan of Qi showed the Eight-Nation Allied Forces to Qu Wan to see who in the world could resist these troops.

Duke Huan of Qi said: "Actually, these princes are not fighting for me. It's just that our Central Plains countries are in harmony with each other. How about your Chu country being friendly with us?"

In fact, this sentence also recognizes the status of Chu State, so status must be exchanged for strength. So what was Chu's reaction when he heard this? If you are determined to do it, then whether the eight countries, including the Chu State, have the ability to resist, is a question.

Qu Wan said: "The Marquis of Qi prayed for the blessings of our country and endured humiliation to do the same with me. I think I will agree."

But this does not mean that Chu State The decline in power is, on the contrary, a sign that Chu's strength has increased and it has been recognized by the Central Plains countries.

Duke Huan of Qi said: "Look at this army, who can resist it?"

Qu Wan said: "If the Marquis of Qi conquers others with his virtue, then who in the world will not join Qi? But you If you want to conquer the Chu State by force, the Chu State will expel your vassal states even if you fight to the end. Although you have many troops, you may not be able to take advantage of it. Besides, you must be in short supply of food and grass because of your long-distance attack. The Chu land is vast. How many can you win? "

You can say Qu Wan's words very well. Didn’t you say that your Central Plains countries are more civilized than me? If you want to use barbarism to conquer, then

If civilization requires us to grovel, then I will show you the pride of barbarism

So Qi Chu signed an alliance. It is known as the Zhaoling Alliance in history.

This time in the Zhaoling Alliance, it seems that Qi and Chu did not fight a single battle except for verbal battles. But this alliance was of great significance, and Chu's status began to be recognized. Moreover, subduing the enemy's troops without fighting is the best state of war.

But let’s talk about it. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the geographical location of Chu State was really good. The Central Plains countries can only respond passively and find it difficult to take the initiative. Therefore, if Duke Huan of Qi aimed at making Chu surrender, he would never be able to do so.

But if Cai Guo surrenders and Chu's northbound road is cut off, then this alliance will pass.

Speaking of the alliance between the coalition forces and the Chu State, after the Zhaoling Alliance, Qi Huangong should also return to his country. But how to return home is a problem.

Yuan Taotu, the official of Chen State, said to Shen Hou, the official of Zheng State: "I think the coalition forces should not take the road between Chen and Zheng, because you also know that your Zheng State has just finished the war. If If the coalition forces come again, I'm afraid they won't be able to keep up with the military supplies. Wouldn't it be great if we don't let the coalition forces go directly from the east? "

Marquis Shen said: "Okay"

So Yuan Taotu ran over and said to Duke Huan of Qi, "Well, how about we go east?"

Duke Huan of Qi said, "Okay."

Marquis Shen turned away and said, "Marquis Qi, Yuan Taotu told you to go east.

"

Duke Huan of Qi said: "Yes, what's the matter?"

Marquis Shen said: "No way, because the army is very exhausted. What if there is an enemy in the east? Wouldn't it be better to take the route between Chen and Zheng, where the two countries would supply the coalition forces with food and grass, and return safely? "

Duke Huan of Qi was very happy. They are both doctors, so why is there such a big gap.

Arrest Yuan Taotu. The place where Hulao was placed was where Wu Jiang asked Duke Zheng Zhuang to control him. The land given to Uncle Duan was given to Marquis Shen.

Zheng Wengong was unwilling, but Qi had to obey.

This story. "Historical Records" uses a word, deception

That is, Chen Guo's official deceived Duke Huan of Qi.

First of all, since it was an alliance, Duke Huan of Qi was the leader of the alliance. , if you want to discuss it, you should go to Duke Huan of Qi. If you discuss it privately, it will be more dangerous.

In the autumn, Chen Guo may be guilty of disloyalty. Duke Huan knew the inside story, but it was no longer important because Duke Huan of Qi was at the peak of his power. He used Chen Guo's incident to strengthen his authority.

Chen Guo sought peace and let Yuan Tao go. Tu.

But the Marquis of Shen of Zheng State will naturally end badly as a villain.

Yuan Tao, the official of the State of Chen, resents the Marquis of Shen, the official of the State of Zheng. Did you find the land of Hulao? So Yuan Taotu advised Shenhou to build the city wall high and big, so that his descendants would remember it, so he asked the princes to build a beautiful city wall.

Then he falsely accused Shenhou in front of Zheng Wengong, saying that Shenhou was planning to rebel. Zheng Wengong was already very dissatisfied with the loss of Hulao, so he went down and suspected Shenhou.

Finally, he made a false accusation. The crime was to kill Shen Hou. Then we ask why a smart person like Shen Hou was deceived. It’s very simple. The smarter the person, the more likely he is to be deceived. As long as anyone’s emotions overwhelm their rationality, the chance of being deceived increases greatly. Big. Now Shen Hou was first out of vanity and secondly greedy, how could he not be deceived?

In the year of Duke Huan of Qi’s Zhaoling Alliance, Duke Xu Mugong, the king of Xu State, passed away.

We once talked about Mrs. Xu Mugong. Mrs. Xu Mu was the child of Wei Zhaobo and Xuan Jiang. She had some relationship with the state of Qi. Duke Huan of Qi used this relationship to bury Gong Xu Mugong as a marquis. .

Of course, "Zuo Zhuan" said that because Xu Mugong died for the sake of the emperor, he was granted the title of Marquis.