Talk about the origin of guqin.

Guqin, also known as lyre, or Si Tong, Qilu, etc. Because there are seven strings, it is also called "lyre". The piano body is formed by gluing a panel and a bottom plate, showing a long and narrow shape. Thirteen "emblem" points are embedded in the panel outside the rope. Liu Changqing, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, once wrote, "Your lyre is like a cold wind in a pine forest." Its "seven strings" refers to the guqin, and "Lingling" refers to the timbre of the guqin.

There are different opinions about the history of guqin. Some people say that Fuxi Shennong cut tung into a piano, and the rope was a string. Some people say that it originated from earlier Babylonian culture, but there is no conclusion. Since the Han Dynasty, it has been recorded in literature that the creators of Qin were Fuxi (Song Shiyue), Shennong (Xin Lun, Shuo Wen Jie Zi, Han Shu Yi Tong) and Shun Di (Yue Ji Han). So far, the earlier Qin unearthed are the ten-stringed Qin in the tomb of Zeng Houyi in the early Warring States period and the seven-stringed Qin in the Han tomb of Mawangdui in Changsha. The former has a history of more than 2400 years, and the latter has a history of 1900 years.

There are many poems describing "Qin" in the Book of Songs: "The chair is painted with tung, and the Qin is cut with instruments." ("In the Square of Determination") "The harp is in the court, so you must be quiet." ("Chicken Crow") "I have guests, playing drums." ("Luming Literature"), etc. "Music" also records: "Playing the giant bell, drumming, playing the harp, playing the cymbals, celebrating happiness." "Shun is a banjo." In The Warring States Policy, it is said that Linzi is very rich and practical, and everyone plays flute, drums, percussion and piano. These accounts not only show that Qin has a long history, but also show that it has a considerable range of influence and application in social life at that time. In 433 BC, the Qin unearthed from the tomb of Zeng Houyi in the Warring States Period, its overall structure, shape, panel, bottom plate, moon mountain, strings, goose feet and the method of tying strings, these basic structures are exactly the same as the traditional guqin that can still be seen since the Tang and Song Dynasties. The difference is that the piano body is very short, only 67 cm, ten strings are tied together, and the piano face is engraved with shallow grooves with square lines. ① The "Qin" unearthed from Mawangdui Tomb in the Western Han Dynasty has seven strings and is 82.4 cm long. Its shape is the same as the "Qin" unearthed from the tomb of Zeng Houyi, belonging to the same musical instrument. Although there are still shallow grooves on the surface of the piano, the total length from the inside of the piano to the end of the piano is three times. These two unearthed "Qin" and the existing guqin since the Tang Dynasty, both in structure and playing method, are in the same strain. As the predecessor of guqin, it has developed into guqin since the Tang and Song Dynasties, which conforms to the logical track of musical instrument development from simplicity to complexity and from polymorphism to similarity. Records in the Book of Songs and other documents are similar to those of Qin unearthed, so it can be said that ancient Qin has a history of nearly 3000 years.

Guqin is one of the musical instruments advocated by China literati in past dynasties. Play stringed instruments. It was called Qin Qixiong in ancient times. In modern times, it is called guqin and lyre. It is recorded in ancient Chinese literature, such as The Book of Songs, Zuo Zhuan, Guoyu and Lv Chunqiu. During the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, musicians from all over the world were proficient in piano, such as Zhong Yi of Chu and Shi Kuang of Jin. Confucius is good at playing the piano, and among the "six arts" he teaches, there are contents of playing the piano and reciting poems. Since the Han and Wei Dynasties, Sima Xiangru, Cai Yong and Ji Kang have all been famous for playing the piano. In the Tang Dynasty, poets such as Li Qiao, Xin Li, Li Bai, Han Yu, Bai Juyi and Zhang all wrote immortal poems for playing the piano.

Song Huizong people love the piano art, and Zeng Guangshou's famous piano is hidden in this special "Wan Qin Hall". Since the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, with the development of Guqin performance art, due to the differences in performance style, inheritance and recorded music, many Qin schools have been formed, each with outstanding musicians and music. The famous Qin schools are Zhejiang School, Yushan School and Guangling School. There are Pucheng School, Panchuan School, September 1st School, Zhucheng School and Lingnan School in modern times.

The production process of guqin also has a long history, and many famous piano makers come forth in large numbers. In the Tang dynasty, there were more than ten people in Sichuan Leishi, such as,, Leijue, etc. And Zhang Yue, Guo Liang, Li Mian and other masters. Leave a lot of fine products for future generations. In the Song Dynasty, there were Zhu, Wei Zhongzheng and Jin Dao. In the yuan dynasty, there was beauty and face; There was He Zhang in Ming Dynasty.

The whole piano is a flat and long speaker, about 130cm long, 20cm wide and 5cm thick. The panel, also called the piano face, is a long wooden board with an arched surface. There is a chord hole at the head end of the piano, an oval tail, and crescent-shaped or square-folded people on both sides of the neck and waist. The bottom plate, also known as the piano bottom, has the same shape as the panel, but it is not arched. The belly of the piano is dug in the lower half of the whole piece of wood. There are two sound holes in the bottom plate, called Longchi and Fengman respectively. There are two foot holes near the waist in the middle, and two feet are installed on them to praise the feet. The face and the bottom plate are bonded to form the piano body, and a tongue-shaped wooden board is stuck inside the piano head to form a space separated from the belly of the piano.

, called the tip of the tongue. There is a sound beam on the back of the panel, also called Shi Xiang. There are two pillars in the belly of the piano, called Tianzhu and Judy. Chords, also called Qin Zhen, are mostly round or melon-shaped, hollow (for threading), and the strings are tied with velvet ropes and tied around the harp. The strings are wrapped in silk. Yueshan is embedded in the head of the panel and also has a chord hole. There are four feet on the floor. The first two feet are called palms and the last two feet are called tail stickers, which play the role of flattening the body. 13 signs made of mother-of-pearl or jade are embedded in the panel to mark phonemes.

Qin has beautiful shapes, such as Fuxi,,, sunset red and the moon. Mainly according to the different neck and waist shapes of the piano body. Lacquer has broken lines, which is the symbol of the ancient piano. Due to the vibration of long-term performance and the difference of wood and paint base, various broken lines can be formed, such as plum blossom break, cow hair break, snake belly break, ice breaking, turtle pattern and so on. A broken piano is more valuable because of its clear sound and beautiful appearance.

When playing, put the piano on the table, pluck the strings with your right hand, press the strings with your left hand and pick up the sound. Guqin has a range of four octaves and two tones. There are 7 scattered tones, 9 1 overtone and 147 technical tones. There are many ways to play, such as supporting, breaking, rubbing, picking, hooking, picking, hitting, picking, turning, poking, pinching, rolling and so on. There are songs, songs, notes, bumps, forward, backward, rising and so on in the left hand.

The difference with the guzheng is that, first of all, in appearance, it is very simple, that is, the guqin has seven strings, and the general guzheng of the guzheng has 265,438+0 strings, but it can also have 22 strings and 23 strings at will, but generally speaking, the guzheng and performance groups mainly used in colleges and universities use 265,438+0 strings. Zheng 13 string, which I learned when I was a child, is made of steel wire. But generally not less than this number, in modern times. The modern guzheng is more than 13 strings, but the guqin has always retained this characteristic of the lyre, so the guqin is also called the lyre, which is its characteristic. There is also a guzheng, which has a line of geese. It looks like a long goose, but Guqin doesn't. In the process of guzheng performance, because of the wild goose column, various auxiliary harmonies and supports (polyphony and harmony) can be played, and the pronunciation is relatively loud, the piano body is wider and the expressive force is richer. But it doesn't mean that guqin is not expressive, but also excellent. In the process of learning China music, everyone must know something about Guqin culture, which is the most representative as the most complete traditional music culture. However, the difference between them is obvious. They have the same point and look horizontal. First of all, it looks very similar. Most people don't understand that the right hand is fiddling here and the left hand is pushing and pulling back and forth here, but the difference is great. When we press the left hand, they push it to slide left and right, and the left hand slides left and right on the piano board to make this difference and change the pitch. Our guzheng is not like this. Of course, guzheng can also be multi-tone with one string, but it is basically one string and one tone, which is very different.

Pre-Qin musical instruments have been used until the Qing court band. This instrument is about 100 to 165 cm long and consists of 25 strings. Each string is supported by a string column and can be moved left and right as needed to adjust the pitch. Because the string of an instrument is made of silk, its tension change will affect the pitch change at any time. The strings should be adjusted at any time before and during the performance to ensure the accuracy of pitch. Therefore, the strings of musical instruments can not be fixed with glue, otherwise its intonation is difficult to guarantee. It is impossible to tune and play with a "glue column" method; Doing things in the way of "rubber columns and drums" is often the opposite. This instrument is not only the main instrument in the ancient court band, but also the characteristic instrument in the literati music. For example, the scholar-officials listened to "Music of Musical Instruments" (Three Editions of Mozi), that is, music played by musical instruments and musical instruments. Sedo is used for formal etiquette occasions! Guqin, it's seven strings!

Strings, guzheng and harp are all "silk" instruments widely used since the pre-Qin period, and they are also the oldest group of stringed instruments in China.

By the way, the difference between guzheng and musical instrument! The difference is that Sedo has 23 strings and 25 strings; The rudiment of guzheng was five strings (Warring States), and then it developed into twelve strings (Qin and Han Dynasties) and thirteen strings (Tang and Song Dynasties), fourteen strings and fifteen strings in Yuan and Ming Dynasties, and sixteen strings in Qing Dynasty. Because of the different number of strings, the phoneme arrangement of Zheng and Qin is also different. Historically, this instrument was mostly used in court music activities; Zheng, on the other hand, is mainly spread among the people, and it is an ancient folk musical instrument that appeals to both refined and popular tastes.