How do landscape sculptures blend with the surrounding environment?

As a form, landscape art sketches have already penetrated into landscape planning and design, and have attracted more and more attention. It can not only provide people with a beautiful external environment, but also play a decisive role in improving the artistic atmosphere of the garden.

Garden sketch refers to the exquisite structure with small volume, simple function, unique shape, rich interest and proper position in the garden. For example, a transparent flower window, a set of exquisite partitions, a novel exhibition board, a clever garden lamp, a unique sculpture and even a nap seat, a walk by the lake and so on. These sketches generally have simple and practical functions and the characteristics of decorative plastic arts. Because of its small size, there is generally no internal space for tourists to enter. They not only have technical requirements, but also include aesthetic requirements in plastic arts and spatial combination. Therefore, in the garden, its shape needs some artistic treatment, careful consideration and coordination with the overall environment of the garden.

1. The role of garden sketches in the garden environment Although garden sketches belong to the artistic decorations in the garden, their deep influence, great role and strong feelings are really better than other scenery. Exquisitely designed and beautifully shaped garden sketches, like pearls dotted on the earth, shine brightly, play an important role in improving tourists' interest in life and beautifying the environment, and become the crowning touch for tourists. For example, at the entrance of Dongfeng Park in Shanghai, a beautiful female flute sculpture looms, providing a moving three-dimensional painting for tourists, which strongly attracts people's attention and naturally lures tourists into the park. Whether it is a fan-shaped landscape window, a landscape wall doorway or a suspended ceiling Huayuan Cave, although they are all garden sketches, they are very important in the artistic conception of gardening; It can be said that the status of garden sketches, like a person's limbs and five senses, can make the trunk of the garden show vitality, personality and beauty without vault. To sum up, the role of garden sketches in gardens generally includes the following three aspects:

1. 1 group landscape garden sketches not only have their own functions in the garden space, but more importantly, they organize external scenery, form an invisible bond in the garden space, guide people from one space to another, and play a guiding and organizing role in the composition of space pictures; It can form a perfect scenery from different angles and is poetic. Garden sketches also play the role of separating and connecting spaces, adding changes and clear signs to changing spaces. For example, the group sculptures at the entrance of the main entrance of the Shanghai Martyrs Cemetery block the sight of tourists, thus separating and organizing the space, enabling tourists to enter the park to achieve a "bright" artistic realm. Frame of Stalin Park in Harbin Shanghai Martyrs Park Group Carving Obstacles

1.2 ornamental garden sketches, as works of art, have aesthetic value in themselves. Because of its color, texture, scale, modeling characteristics, and its successful layout, it is itself a scene in the garden environment. On the West Lake in Hangzhou, the "Three Tans Reflecting the Moon" floats on the water in the form of a traditional sketch of a stone lamp in a water court. Whenever the bright moon is in the sky at night, there will be a beautiful scene on the lake where lights compete with the moon. Dealing with the formal beauty of space with garden sketches is an important means to improve the artistic value of gardens. A group of figure sculptures placed in the artificial mountain pool in the courtyard of Beijing Grand View Garden make the artistic interest of the garden look brand-new. From the sculpture sketches of figures in Beijing Grand View Garden, we can see that the decoration of sketches can improve the ornamental value of other garden elements, meet people's aesthetic requirements, and give people artistic enjoyment and beauty.

1.3 Rendering atmospheric garden sketches not only has the functions of scenery and appreciation, but also artistically and scene-displayed sketches with obvious functions such as tables and stools, floors, steps, signboards and lamps. A set of rest stools or a signboard, if designed novel and handled properly, will leave a deep impression on people and make the garden environment more attractive. For example, there are two sets of benches at the water's edge. The natural stone bench on the left is quiet and peaceful, and the environment constitutes a natural landscape painting in China. The stool with artistic patterns engraved on the right stool surface is unique, novel and interesting. Sitting in front of the water is eye-opening and refreshing. Therefore, the combination of unique garden sketches and the environment will produce different artistic effects, making the environment pleasant and more infectious. Stone tables and benches in Pinghu Autumn Moon Scenic Area; The characteristic benches on the shore.

2. The types of garden sketches are based on artists' endless creative ideas. Modern garden sketches contain a wide range of contents, and the classification of books is different. Now garden sketches are divided into the following three categories according to their functions and shapes:

2. 1 Landscape architecture sketches refer to small building facilities that play the role of rest, lighting, display, tour guide, decoration, service and management in the garden. Generally, it includes: garden chairs, railings, garden display boards, garden landscape walls and windows, garden lights, bottle ornaments, trash cans, drinking pools, washing bowls, sundials, bird baths, etc.

2.2 Garden Sculpture Sketch Sculpture generally refers to an object image with modeling and carving, which has a certain three-dimensional space and observability. From the type, it can be divided into two categories: round carving and relief. Garden sculpture sketch mainly refers to outdoor sketch sculpture with ornamental value. Sculpture is a kind of plastic arts with strong appeal. Garden sketch sculpture comes from life, but it often gives people more perfect appreciation and pondering than life itself. It beautifies people's minds, cultivates people's sentiments, and endows gardens with vivid themes, unique spiritual connotations and artistic charm. In gardening art, almost all sculpture achievements have been successfully integrated at home and abroad. In the traditional gardens of China, although the configuration of stone fish, tortoise, bronze bull and bronze crane may be exaggerated by superstition, most of them have appreciation value, which is helpful to improve the artistic interest of the garden environment. Almost all foreign classical gardens have sculptures. Although they are solemn and rigorous, their garden artistic sentiment is very rich. China classical garden sculptures Foreign garden sculptures are increasingly adopted by gardeners, and the artistic conception of gardening is enriched by sculptures in modern gardens. The theme of the sculpture sketch is eclectic, the shape can be large or small, the image depicted can be natural and abstract, and the theme expressed can be serious and romantic, depending on the nature, environment and conditions of the garden landscaping. Common garden sculptures are divided into the following four categories:

2.2. 1 People's sculptures generally focus on commemorative figures and interesting figures. People's sculptures are generally of historical significance or vivid images, which not only give the environment a distinct theme, but also add vitality to the environment. The sculpture "Song of Eternal Sorrow" in Xianyang China Square is hung upside down with a golden hook.

2.2.2 Animal Sculpture People and animals always have a lot of emotions, and artists have created many animal images. For example, the white swan symbolizing pure love, the kind and lovely sika deer and the smart and lively sea lion are all very popular shaping themes. This shows that animal sculpture makes the environment more peaceful, natural and vivid, and enriches the artistic interest of gardens.

2.2.3 Abstract Sculpture The meaning of abstract sculpture is profound and incomprehensible. Visitors are willing to enjoy it while pondering, and the title can be traced back to the topic, which is not uninteresting. As for the untitled sculpture, it is the essence of abstraction to be "unlike".

2.2.4 Ice sculpture snow sculpture is limited by geographical and environmental factors due to the particularity of materials. In Northeast China and Xinjiang, it has become a major feature of winter gardens. Crystal clear ice and snow sculpture, beautiful as jade, wonderful.

2.3 Garden boulder sketch stone has always been regarded as an important landscaping material in China gardens, and its shapes are varied, meaningful and breathtaking. China people appreciate "stones", which is unusual. It is not only strange, but also ugly. For example, Liu Xi said in "Introduction to Art": "Ugliness is the beauty of strange stones, ugliness is the ultimate beauty, and ugly words are full of words." The so-called ugliness of stone is not the evil of content, but a breakthrough in the law of formal beauty, which is true, simple and natural. It is true that elegance is seen in ugliness, beauty in ugliness and greatness in ugliness. This is the dialectical relationship between ugliness and beauty. China people appreciate stones, which has richer connotations than westerners appreciate abstract sculptures. They don't look at the shape of stones, but look like gods, and appreciate their interesting beauty in various ways. As the saying goes, "Gardens can be without mountains and stones", so in the garden environment, the artistic position of stones is obvious and inestimable. It can be seen that garden sketches, with their decorative and interesting shapes in the garden environment, express their vitality of life, the beauty of youth and the nobleness of love, and their strong life breath inspires people's love for a better life and yearning for the future.

3. The relationship between sketch design and environment in garden environment. Landscape sketch is a part of many physical units that constitute the garden environment, which is a broad background space for landscape sketch. Excellent garden sketches can set off beautiful garden space. Any tiny garden sketch will affect the overall effect of the whole garden environment. Therefore, the relationship between garden sketch design and environment is inseparable and closely related. Here from the following five aspects to talk about the relationship between landscape design and environment.

3. 1 conception and layout The so-called "meaning first" is a famous saying summed up by the ancients from the artistic creation of calligraphy and painting. I think it is also completely applicable to the design and creation of garden sketches. Without the intention of setting the scene, the composition will pile up into an empty form. The train of thought should have a high ideological level, be innovative and unconventional. Any simple imitation will weaken its appeal. In the creation of artistic conception, it is the highest realm of garden sketches to achieve affection, touch and harmony in the scene. With this idea, the layout of garden sketches will be a problem worth discussing. Whether it is used for spot scenery or group scenery, the spatial layout should be clear and focused; In the position, we should echo each other, look around and avoid equal distance. The layout and background selection of garden sketches should be coordinated with topography, buildings, plants and water bodies. In addition, the direction of people flow and the opening and closing of space are all important factors to be considered. For example, the ethereal, quiet and peaceful atmosphere shown in the picture is very harmonious with the "poetry" pursued by China gardens; The cheerful, optimistic and uplifting atmosphere of "Winging Swan" is in tune with the jubilant scene presented by Beijing Botanical Garden for a large number of tourists. The figure sculpture in the traditional gardens of China and the swan sculpture in the Beijing Botanical Garden are inlaid with marble, just like the clouds floating in the sky. Planting plants on stones will increase more vitality. This technique is better than relief, and it is really unique. If the setting of garden sketches does not look at the conditions, does not distinguish the objects and is not in harmony with the environment, its artistic appeal will be difficult to play. For example, the colorful trash can on the right is inconsistent with the environment of natural rocks and sparse forests, which is like gilding the lily and affecting the overall artistic effect.

3.2 Proportion and Scale British aesthetician Yuan Boli said: "All beauty is harmonious and proportional". In short, beauty is just right. Functional characteristics, aesthetic characteristics and environmental characteristics are the basis for determining the scale of garden sketches. The correct scale should meet the requirements of function and aesthetics and be in harmony with the environment. Garden sketches are places where people rest, light, play and watch. Generally speaking, they should have a relaxed, lively, interesting and unforgettable artistic atmosphere, so scales must be kind and pleasant. For example, the sculpture of camel Xiangzi in Wangfujing Street in Beijing is placed on the street in a proper proportion and in a friendly and interesting way. The figures on the water surface are vivid and well-proportioned, creating a picture of a water town in the south of the Yangtze River, which attracts people's attention. Whether the scale of garden sketches is correct or not is difficult to determine the absolute standard. Different artistic conception needs different sense of scale. The beauty of garden sketches is closely related to the proportion of their own modeling and the relationship with the environment, and is also influenced by people's subjective aesthetic requirements. What proportion is appropriate in the garden depends on the need to cooperate with the environment. For example, the picture on the left is rendered by computer, and the seats are out of proportion and drawn too wide. By contrast, the central garden looks very small. The sculpture with the sky as the background on the right shows its solemn greatness or quiet beauty because of its simple background and more prominent image. Therefore, there is no need to imitate and copy the proportion and style of ordinary sketch in sketch design, but to innovate. If we can create a proportion with appropriate connotation and charm and achieve miraculous results, it will be absolutely wonderful.

3.3 Color and texture The treatment of color and texture is closely related to the artistic appeal of garden space. There is a difference between cool colors and warm colors. The feeling and association of colors and their symbolic functions can give people different feelings. Texture is manifested in the texture and texture of the scene. Texture can be divided into straight curve, width and depth; There are also different textures, such as thickness, rigidity and softness. Although texture is not as good as color, it can give people a variety of emotional associations and symbols, but texture can strengthen some emotional atmosphere, and the acquisition of simplicity, liveliness, gentleness and lightness has a lot to do with texture processing. In a word, color and texture are the dual attributes of garden sketch materials, and they complement each other. As long as you are good at discovering the characteristics of colors and textures of various materials and using them to organize composition changes such as rhythm, rhythm, contrast and balance, it is possible to produce extraordinary artistic effects and improve its artistic appeal. The trash can is made of wood brown ash, which is in harmony with the environment. The color composition of the sculpture is consistent with the background building and full of local characteristics. The color and texture are unified and coordinated, and there is no flavor. Wooden Hand-washing Bowl Sculpture "Space"

3.4 Diversity and Unity18th century French bourgeois enlightenment thinker Diderot put forward a famous argument that beauty lies in "relationship". Diversity and unity are the most common and essential principles in dealing with composition in all artistic fields, and garden composition is no exception. Garden sketch design should be unified in the overall artistic style, unified but not monotonous, rich but not messy. In other words, the greatest art is to turn the most complicated changes into the highest degree of unity. Any garden sketch does not exist in isolation, but is inextricably linked. Sketch design should not only have changes, but also have its own style, which should be unified in the overall environment. In different environments, the form of sketch is different. According to the requirements of function, nature and landscape, the composition should be handled well, and the sketch design should be adapted to local conditions, and the layout and design ideas should be reasonable, which is the premise of realizing diversity and unity. Essays are divided into two parts in the garden environment. Sculptures, boulders and other major landscapes must have clear themes and attract attention in design, while trash can railings should be naturally unified with the environment and should not be too prominent. It can be seen that garden sketches must have a clear division of labor and complement each other, and * * * exists in the garden environment. In addition, the correct use of harmony, contrast and other garden composition techniques can achieve "diversity and unity". Stone tables and benches are placed in caves, just like white spherical lanterns, cylindrical flower ponds and arc-shaped places where immortals recite poems, making the environment more ethereal and quiet, and even bringing a few benches, which are cleverly combined and coordinated. Charm.

3.5 Function and Technology Most garden sketches are of practical significance, so in addition to the requirements of artistic modeling, they should also meet the requirements of practical functions and technology. For example, the railings in the garden have different uses, so there are different requirements for the height of various railings; Another example is sitting on a stool in the garden, which must meet the standard requirements for tourists to sit, lie and rest; As the boundary of the garden, the technical requirements such as the height of the garden wall should be determined from the angle of enclosure. Modern gardens emphasize "people-oriented". In the design of garden sketches, we should not only meet the decorative requirements, but also meet the technical and functional requirements. Beside many street green spaces, there are railings designed to protect green spaces. These railings are often destroyed because people are tired of walking and sit on them to have a rest. Might as well set it as a combination of railings and benches, which not only meets the aesthetic requirements, but also meets the functional requirements. The combination of railings and chairs and stools explains the combination of stones and solitary stones. The combination of sculpture and chair and stool has a strong affinity. It not only meets the functional requirements, but also plays a decorative role. The ingenious combination of courtyard lamp and stool is beautiful, elegant, economical and practical.

Summarizing the long history of garden sketches, the scenery is small but interesting. To sum up, the relationship between landscape sketch design and environment is multifaceted. Generally speaking, if the environment is compared to soup, then the sketch is the salt in the soup. The design of garden sketches is the product of the combination of function, technology and art, and should conform to the principles of applicability, firmness, economy and beauty.

4. 1 Garden sketches have diverse functions and forms in the garden environment, forming a feature of great flexibility in design, which can be said to be arbitrary to follow, "there is nothing to do with gardening". In the choice of design size and form, both chairs and stools and sculptures are eclectic. Therefore, in the field of modern art, the artist's conception space is infinite, and sketch design should develop in the direction of science, art and individuality, and it is forbidden to copy mechanically and be similar.

4.2 In the combination of space, we should pay special attention to the organization and utilization of space, and skillfully arrange the environment and sketches into an organic whole. The means of organizing garden space are diverse, and the layout of sketches must be combined with building construction, mountain building, water management and plant arrangement. They are not isolated from each other, but should cooperate closely to form a beautiful landscape effect. Moreover, in China traditional gardens, in order to create a space environment full of artistic conception, special attention is paid to the use of natural landscape. Garden sketches can produce wonderful artistic effects under the embellishment of architectural flowers, trees and water stones, combined with dynamic landscape factors such as underwater sound, wind whistling, bird singing and flower fragrance. Gestalt school of psychology believes that "the experience of phenomena is monomer". Tourists' perception of the environment is a combination of many physical units. This whole phenomenon cannot be separated from every unit, so only by making every small part beautiful can there be a whole beauty. Therefore, garden sketches must be carefully processed, so as to be authentic and play a finishing touch in the environment.

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